Jurnal Lantera Ilmiah Kesehatan Artikel https://doi.
org/10.
52120/jlik.
Analysis of Drug Distribution from Pharmaceutical Warehouse to Pharmaceutical Installation of Siti Fatimah Hospital Palembang in 2025 Received: 9 December 2025 Accepted: 23 December 2025 Publish online: 30 June 2026 Poppy Angraeni Wulandari*1.
Amelia Soyata2.
Sabda Wahab3 Abstract This study aims to analyze the mechanisms, flow, and challenges of drug distribution from the pharmacy warehouse to the pharmacy installation at RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang.
This research used a descriptive observational method with a quantitative approach.
Data were collected through direct observation, structured interviews, and document review using a checklist instrument based on the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation Number 72 of 2016 regarding Pharmacy Service Standards in Hospitals.
The results showed that the mechanism and flow of drug distribution were implemented in accordance with pharmacy service standards, achieving a compliance rate of 100%.
However, several operational challenges were identified, including discrepancies in the quantity and type of drugs compared to requests, as well as delays in distribution that resulted in stock shortages at service units.
This study concludes that the drug distribution system at RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang has complied with existing standards, but optimization of the pharmacy logistics information system and improved coordination between units are needed to reduce distribution constraints.
Key words: Drug Distribution.
Pharmacy Warehouse.
Pharmacy Installation.
Siti Fatimah Regional General Hospital.
Pharmaceutical Logistics System Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme, alur, dan kendala pendistribusian obat dari gudang farmasi ke instalasi farmasi di RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.
Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara terstruktur, serta studi dokumentasi menggunakan instrumen checklist yang mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 72 Tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme dan alur pendistribusian obat telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan standar pelayanan kefarmasian.
Tingkat kesesuaian sebesar 100% menunjukkan bahwa seluruh indikator yang berkaitan dengan mekanisme dan alur distribusi obat telah terpenuhi sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku.
Namun demikian, pada pelaksanaannya masih ditemukan kendala operasional berupa ketidaksesuaian jumlah dan jenis obat dengan permintaan, serta keterlambatan pendistribusian obat yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kekosongan stok di unit Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendistribusian obat di RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang telah sesuai dengan standar pelayanan kefarmasian pada aspek mekanisme dan alur.
Meskipun demikian, diperlukan upaya perbaikan melalui optimalisasi sistem informasi logistik farmasi dan peningkatan koordinasi antarunit guna meminimalkan kendala operasional dalam proses pendistribusian Kata kunci: Distribusi Obat.
Gudang Farmasi.
Instalasi Farmasi.
RSUD Siti Fatimah.
Sistem Logistik Farmasi.
Di Pharmacy Study Program.
Faculty of Pharmacy.
Kader Bangsa University of Palembang S-1 Pharmacy Study Program.
Faculty of Pharmacy.
Kader Bangsa University of Palembang Koresponden: Poppy Angraeni.
e-mail: poppyangraeni190819@gmail.
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Artikel Analysis of Drug Distribution from Pharmaceutical Warehouse to Pharmaceutical a.
INTRODUCTION
A hospital is a health service facility that has the responsibility of providing comprehensive health services.
One of the vital aspects of the service system is the management and distribution of drugs.
Medication plays a key component in the patient's healing process.
Therefore, its availability must be guaranteed on time, in the right quantity, and in the right quality According to the Minister of Health Regulation No.
72 of .
, drug distribution is the activity of distributing pharmaceutical preparations from pharmaceutical warehouses to pharmaceutical service units with the aim of meeting the therapeutic needs of patients.
Inefficiencies in the distribution process can result in service delays, budget waste, and even decreased patient trust in hospitals.
Siti Fatimah Palembang Hospital as a hospital owned by the local government plays an important role in ensuring the smooth supply chain of medicines.
However, based on the results of initial observations and internal reports, there were still delays in drug delivery, mismatches in quantity/type of drugs, and stock vacancies in several service installations.
This problem indicates that the drug distribution system still needs evaluation.
Some previous studies Safitri et al.
, .
Yunita & Mulya, .
highlighted that the main obstacles in the distribution of drugs in government hospitals are often caused by a lack of coordination between units, unintegrated information systems, and limited human resource Research (Zulpadly et al.
, 2.
shows that the implementation of WMS at Dr.
Sardjito Hospital has succeeded in improving the efficiency of drug distribution and reducing data input errors.
This technology also provides ease of decision-making because the data provided is fast and accurate, therefore digitalization in the pharmaceutical logistics system needs to be part of the hospital's main strategy.
Based on these conditions, this study was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, flows, and obstacles that occur in the drug distribution system at Siti JURNAL LANTERA ILMIAH KESEHATAN|VOL.
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(TAHUN)
Fatimah Palembang Hospital.
So that the findings in this study can be considered in developing a more adaptive and efficient pharmaceutical logistics policy, strong data support will make the policy more measurable and accountable.
Meanwhile.
Diputra et al.
, .
highlighted the importance of coordination between units and systematic documentation in maintaining smooth drug distribution.
Ilham, .
found that distribution delays are generally caused by ineffective coordination and not optimal stock digitization systems.
In addition.
Lawalata et al.
, .
Ramadhani, .
emphasized that coordination between units, especially between pharmaceutical warehouses and service installations, is able to increase compliance with SOPs by up to 96% and is a key factor in preventing delays in drug delivery, (Laksono et al.
, 2.
explaining that a well-planned organizational structure and hospital work system affect the effectiveness of drug
RESEARCH METODS
This research uses a qualitative method.
The research was conducted at Siti Fatimah Palembang Hospital in June 2025.
The population in this study is all pharmacists at Siti Fatimah Palembang Hospital who are involved in the drug distribution process and the way sampling is carried out by purposive sampling.
Data collection was carried out through direct observation, structured interviews, and documentation studies.
Observations were carried out using a checklist sheet prepared based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 72 of 2016 to assess the suitability of the mechanism and flow of drug distribution.
Structured interviews are used to identify drug distribution constraints, while documentation studies are conducted by examining supporting documents such as drug request forms, distribution records, and drug stock reports.
The observation data were analyzed in a quantitative descriptive manner by calculating the percentage of the level of conformity of the drug distribution mechanism and flow to the set Artikel Analysis of Drug Distribution from Pharmaceutical Warehouse a The interview data was analyzed by grouping the informant's answers based on the theme of the obstacles found.
The validity of the data is guaranteed through triangulation methods by comparing the results of observations, interviews, and documentation, as well as confirmation to the pharmacist in charge to increase the validity of the research data.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1.
Drug Distribution Mechanism Indicator Ya No 1 Distribution system ui according to the provisions .
tock, available and run Drugs are checked before distribution ui Drugs labeled according to standards .
rug amount, expiration ui Delivery using a trolley according to hygiene and safety ui The procedure for handing over drugs warehouse and the carried out with written or digital A mechanism for damaged/expired/ ui ui Remarks The distribution system has referred to the unit dose method Warehouse officers check the expiration date of Each drug is neatly equipped with a information such as name, dosage.
The distributed using a closed container to maintain hygiene Drug handover is electronic form or The procedure for from the service JURNAL LANTERA ILMIAH KESEHATAN|VOL.
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excess drugs from the unit to the Warehouse Evaluation of the distribution system periodically by the installation or the quality team of the Total ui =7 ui available, including the form and flow of return.
Routine evaluation of the distribution process is carried out by the person pharmacy or the hospital's quality Total score earned/maximum score number x Score: Excellent ycu100 = 100% Based on Table 1.
Regarding the drug distribution mechanism at Siti Fatimah Hospital.
South Sumatra Province, the results were obtained that all of the 7 observation variable items had been carried out in accordance with the provisions of the drug distribution mechanism.
The results of observations carried out through direct observation and the use of checklist sheets show a level of 100% conformity to the standards set in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 72 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Hospitals.
Table 2.
Drug Distribution Flow Yes Indicator Yes Pharmaceutical ui requests as per clinical needs Pharmacy ui Remarks Drug requests are arranged based on the Requests for suitability and by warehouse Artikel Analysis of Drug Distribution from Pharmaceutical Warehouse a Warehouse Officers Prepare Medicines According to the Request List ui Medicines are according to the Pharmaceutical The drug is after receiving The ui ui ui ui Drugs the type and quantity in the demand list.
Delivery the applicable Physical condition and documents are checked when the drug is The drug is stored based standards and Each stage of distribution is well recorded concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Hospitals.
Table 3.
Obstacles in Drug Distribution Yes Indicator Yes No Remarks The amount/type of medication is often not in line with the ui There is a shortage due to improper ui The system is optimally or is Coordination between the installation is less effective ui Distribution ui There is a requested and those received Drug vacuums occur due to errors in the The system has run well and is utilized by the Coordination between units runs smoothly and supports each other in Evaluations are periodically to ensure that the Total ui =7 Total score earned/maximum score number x ui Score: Excellent 7 ycu100 = 100% Based on Table 2.
Regarding the drug distribution flow at Siti Fatimah Hospital.
South Sumatra Province, it was found that all seven observation variable items had been implemented in accordance with the provisions of the applicable drug distribution flow.
Observations carried out through direct observation methods and the use of checklist sheet instruments showed a level of 100% conformity to the standards stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 72 of 2016 JURNAL LANTERA ILMIAH KESEHATAN|VOL.
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Total ui = 2 Total score earned/maximum score number x Artikel Analysis of Drug Distribution from Pharmaceutical Warehouse a Score: 5 ycu100 = 40% baik Based on the results of observations of five indicators of obstacles in drug distribution at Siti Fatimah Palembang Hospital, a score of 2 out of 5 or 40% was obtained.
Based on the category of constraint assessment, this percentage is included in the good category, which shows that in general the distribution system has been running well but there are still some obstacles that need to be The two main obstacles identified are the mismatch between the quantity or type of drugs and the demand and the occurrence of drug vacancies due to untimely distribution.
The results of the study show that the mechanism and flow of drug distribution at Siti Fatimah Palembang Hospital have run in accordance with pharmaceutical service standards as stipulated in the Minister of Health Regulation No.
72 of 2016.
The high level of conformity in the mechanism and flow aspects indicates that the distribution procedures have been consistently implemented and well documented.
However, there are still obstacles in the aspect of the suitability of the amount and type of drugs and the delay in distribution indicate that compliance with SOPs has not fully guaranteed the effectiveness of operational distribution.
This condition shows that there is a gap between the established procedures and the technical implementation in the field.
The mismatch between the quantity and type of drugs and the demand indicates that the process of verifying demand and matching stock data is not yet fully system-based real-time.
This condition is in line with the findings Yunita & Mulya, .
which states that a drug request system that is not supported by historical data and direct stock updates has the potential to cause distribution errors.
The drug vacuums due to distribution delays show that although the distribution flow has been well documented, the timeliness factor is still a This confirms that the efficiency of the distribution is determined not only by the completeness of the procedure, but also by the JURNAL LANTERA ILMIAH KESEHATAN|VOL.
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speed of the system's response and coordination between units.
These findings are in line with research (Safitri et al.
, 2.
which states that the disintegration of the stock information system is one of the main causes of incompatibility in the distribution of drugs in hospitals.
In addition.
Safitri et al.
, .
He also emphasized that distribution delays are often influenced by the lack of optimal pharmaceutical logistics digitalization Thus, the results of this study confirm that the logistics management information system and strengthening coordination between units are important factors in increasing the effectiveness of drug distribution, even though the distribution mechanism and flow have run according to Compared to research Sari et al.
, .
who reported a distribution constraint rate of 38% and Yunita & Mulya, .
of 35%, the percentage of obstacles at Siti Fatimah Palembang Hospital .
%) shows a relatively comparable This indicates that the problem of drug distribution is still a common issue in government hospitals, especially those that have not fully integrated digital-based logistics systems.
However, the advantage of Siti Fatimah Hospital lies in the aspect of coordination and routine evaluation that has gone well, so that the existing obstacles are limited and have the potential to be minimized through the optimization of the pharmaceutical logistics management information system.
CONCLUSION
The drug distribution mechanism at Siti Fatimah Palembang Hospital has been running very well, with the implementation of SOPs in accordance with the standards of the Minister of Health Regulation No.
72 of 2016.
Distribution flows involve a structured process from request to storage that is all welldocumented.
The obstacles found include mismatches in the amount/type of drugs and delays in distribution due to unintegrated information systems.
Artikel Analysis of Drug Distribution from Pharmaceutical Warehouse a This research contributes to providing an recommendations that can be a reference for the development and improvement of the effectiveness of pharmaceutical logistics management in hospitals, especially in the aspect of standard-based drug distribution and information systems.
BIBLIOGRAPHY