Indonesian Journal of Geography.
Vol 54.
No.
ISSN 2354-9114 .
ISSN 0024-9521 .
Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol 57.
No.
: 465-471
DOI: 10.
22146/ijg.
101825 website: htps://jurnal.
id/ijg A2025 Faculty of Geography UGM and The Indonesian Geographers Association ARTICLEARTICLE
REVIEW
RESEARCH
Flood Mapping GIS and Multi-Criteria at Nanga PinohFrom West PrivateRisk andUsing real estate in theAnalysis city of Ouagadougou:
Kalimantan Area honey to vinegar *Ajun .
Rustam Eviliyanto AbdoulPurwanto Karim BAZIE Issa SORY2 .
Dony Andrasmoro
1,3,4
Departmen of Geography Education IKIP PGRI Pontianak Doctoral student at the Human and Social Sciences Laboratory (LABOSHS).
Norbert ZONGO University of Departmen of Counseling Guidance Education IKIP PGRI Pontianak Koudougou.
Burkina Faso.
Teacher-researcher.
Human and Social Sciences Laboratory (LABOSHS).
Norbert ZONGO University of Koudougou.
Burkina Faso.
Received: 2021-12-22 Accepted: 2022-10-13 Received: 2024-11-24 Revised: 2025-08-15 Keywords:
Flood Risk.
GIS,
Multi-Criteria Accepted:
2025-10-07
Analysis.
Nanga Pinoh Published: 2025-11-10 Keywords: realemail:
*Correspondeny ajunpurwanto@ikippgriptk.
Ouagadougou.
Burkina Faso Introductin Abstract.
Flood is one of the disasters that often hit various regions in Indonesia, specifically in West Kalimantan.
The floods in Nanga Pinoh District.
Melawi Regency, submerged 18 villages and thousands of houses.
Therefore, study In to map in Nanga of Pinoh their environmental Secondaryincludes data on Abstract.
Burkina Faso,flood Law risk No.
008-2023/ALT
Juneand
20, 2023,
on private real estate multi-criteria
GIS
restrictions that prevent private real estate developers from promoting land.
However, almost two-thirds of the location low, medium, and high Itowas these used.
actorsThe in thisthat This prone, medium, and low risk class are 1,515.
ha,real 30,194.
ha, 21,953.
ha,To new legislative on actors in private estate development Burkina Faso.
this end, it These that the multi-criteria are effective risk maps draws findings mainly on dataGIS as part a thesis in progress 2021 from landowners, village development advisors (VDA.
, sales agents, and plot buyers.
Through content analysis, the article demonstrates that the revision of the legislative framework for private real estate development in Burkina Faso has led to land insecurity surrounding plots developed by private real estate developers, as well as pressure on these actors, who are struggling to make their land investments profitable.
This law also affects sales agents who were speculating on land and landowners who no longer have fields to cultivate and are left with plots that are almost unattractive to customers.
The results of this research call on the State to revise the texts governing land management and to intensity strengthen in the activities estate developers.
the over Westreal Kalimantan.
This A2022 by the authors.
Licensee Indonesian Journal of Geography.
Indonesia.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY NC) licensehttps://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by-nc/4.
occurred within the Nanga Pinoh Police jurisdiction, including Floods occuremail when: a river exceeds its storage capacity.
Correspondent A2025 by the authors and Indonesian Journal of Geography Tanjung Lay Village.
Tembawang Panjang.
Pal Village.
Tanjung This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons bazieaboulkarim@gmail.
Niaga.
Kenual.
Baru and Sidomulyo Village in Nanga Pinoh low-lying This Attribution(CC BY NC) licensehttps://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by-nc/4.
Spectacle.
Melawi Regency (Supriyadi, 2.
most frequent disasters affecting a majority of countries The flood disaster in Melawi Regency should be mitigated worldwide (Rincyn et al.
, 2018.
Zwenzner & Voigt, 2.
, by mapping Indonesia.
Flooding rural land estate the territorial community, the rural Introduction Various Remote Sensing Geographic man-made In Burkina Faso, as in many countries worldwide, the Information Systems for monitoring (Du etgrowth , 2013.
Falguni Singh, 2020.
Tehrany et al.
, needs, (Ouydraogo.
By been land domains, of the urban&population has led to multiple This Youssef including housing (Fekair & Kacemi, 2021.
Guigma, 2022.
There Certificate Land Maunaye, 2.
This need is estimated at over 8,000 units & Mardiana.
Haq (Alfieri et al.
, 2016.
Gan, 2.
Possession a land title(Biswajeet (Karambiri.
To strengthen year in Ouagadougou aloneMahmoud (Dahani &&Compaory.
Pradhan Furthermore.
However, the various housing policies fail to produce the (Falguni Singh.
Geographic.
Komolafe desired effect, as is the case in most African cities (Chebini et These Rincyn Skilodimou The Law No.
On the contrary, they contribute o the further exclusion of Remote Sensing (RS)development and Geographic Information loss of human the population, real estate in Burkina Faso.
Systems In the low-income (Sory et al.
,on2.
Informal
(GIS)
10,000
These settlements then become an alternative housing option for (Haq 40,000-housing this segment of the population, serving as a transition to the In thein of modern (Rincyncity et al.
housing development (Robineau, 2.
To carry out this program.
State relies Geographical Information System
(GIS)
Food On the fringes of the city, these neighborhoods are developing.
Remote Sensing (RS) (Lyu Petitdevelopers (Syry, leading to AunibblingAy of rural land around the capital and Indeed.
Boix et al.
, 2.
the occurrence this period (Sory, 2.
in flood Ouagadougou, in with line with what can beincreasing observed significantly in southern (Biswajeet Mardiana.
Haq (Komolafe cities (Christiawan & Nguyen, 2.
With the rapid growth Pradhan , 2.
inUnderstanding of flooding Rozalis et al.
,population.
Theland Burkina Faso the (Guigma.
There the urban use iscausing (Ozkan Tarhan.
Zhou Burkina Agricultural land is gradually being transformed into Different land structure et al.
, 2011.
Zwenzner & Voigt.
Faso.
Relying the limitations of the built-up areas (Jha (Chukwurah et al.
this land areasAo (Curebal and encourage housing production through private property These Other land-use (Sory, developersAo real estate development, regulations have been (Huong Pathirana.
Rincyn One With this in mind, a National policy on land tenure Zhang Zhou security in rural areas was introduced in 2007 (Karambiri, strategies (Bubeck , 2012.
Falguni & Singh.
Mandala TheThis in to few months hasNo.
Ruraletland
of Law
034-2009/
Chakrabarty.
Shafapour Tehrany sub-districts West Kalimantan AN of June 16, 2009, on rural land security in Burkina Faso.
GIS
Thousands Melawi Regency Following the orientations of this legislative framework, rural Greater Ouaga.
Thousands land security is organized around the national rural land estate.
Abdoul Karim BAZIE et al.
PRIVATE PROPERTY AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS
of hectares of land are withdrawn and converted into urban The analysis of the effects of the legislative framework on land without any constraint from the regulatory systems in real estate development is carried out at Great Ouaga.
This place (Compaory & Naon, 2.
To play its role as the main area encompasses municipalities in the Central region and spatial planner and regulate real estate development activity one municipality in the Central Plateau.
Figure 1 shows the (Lefebvre, 2.
, in 2023, the Burkinabe state undertook organization of this area.
Great Ouaga comprises one urban a reevaluation of Law No.
57, which imposed numerous district.
Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, and seven restrictions preventing real estate promoters from engaging in rural district in the provinces of Kadiogo and Oubritenga.
land development.
However, almost two-thirds of active real This area is home to a population of over 3 million inhabitants estate developers were only engaged in this practice (Guigma, over on an area estimated at 3300 kmA.
The Great Ouaga As a result, these real estate developers find themselves development plan serves as the primary reference tool for trapped by a law that had once created conditions to facilitate managing this area (Siguy, 2.
their involvement in land development.
This situation invites On the other hand, this tool remains ambiguous in reflection on how the legislative framework influences private relation to the various existing planning documents.
Indeed, real estate development in Greater Ouaga.
Burkina Faso.
Great Ouaga development plan overlaps with the Urban The results of this reflection provide a better understanding Development Master Plan and the Functional Organization of the opportunities that led real estate developers into land Diagram and planning.
It also remains unclear what constitutes They also provide a deeper understanding urban and rural areas in this region (Guigma, 2.
of the issues surrounding the new law on private real estate The lack of clarity surrounding the management of Great development and the effects of this legislative measure on those Ouaga is an opportunity for property developers to mobilize involved in the sector.
This research is particularly important, land for their development projects.
The Great Ouaga area as the activities of these real estate developers have already is an urban district surrounded by rural district, making it been perceived as a time bomb (Compaory & Naon, 2.
an ideal setting for analysis.
A method focused primarily on Furthermore, little research has been conducted on how the qualitative data is adopted in this research.
legislative framework is appropriated by the actors involved in this activity.
This research, therefore, serves as a springboard Methods for a better understanding of the role of real estate developers A qualitative approach was favored in this research.
The in Greater Ouagadougou.
Burkina Faso.
Additionally, it draws article therefore, draws on secondary and primary data from a the attention of policymakers to the future prospects of certain thesis in progress since 2021.
The secondary data comes from ISSN 2354-9114 .
ISSN 0024-9521 .
actors in this sector.
The article employs a primarily Indonesian Journal of GeographyVol 57.
No 3 .
:A-A.
gray literature.
The primary data has been collected regularly DOI: 10.
22146/ijg.
101825 website: htps://jurnal.
id/ijg approach to arrive at the research
A2025
Faculty of Geography UGM and The Indonesian Geographers AssociaAon since 2021 from a variety of actors presented in Table 1.
Figure District of Great Ouaga Figure 1.
District of Great Ouaga The lack of clarity surrounding the management of Great Ouaga is an opportunity for property developers Table Thedevelopment dataThe to mobilize land for Great Ouaga is an urban district surrounded by rural district, makingof it an ideal setting for analysis.
A method focused primarilyWorkforce on qualitative data is adopted in this Categories 122 Landowners 123 Customers 124 Real Methods estate developers 125 Real Aestate qualitative approach was favored in this research.
The article therefore, draws on secondary and primary agency managers data from a thesis in progress since 2021.
The secondary data comes from gray literature.
The primary data has Village Development committee (CVD) been collected regularly since 2021 from a variety of actors presented in Table 1.
Canvassers Total Tablesurvey The secondary data comes from gray literature.
Field Categories of actors surveyed Landowners Customers Workforce Indonesian Journal of Geography.
Vol 57.
No.
A total of 146 semi-structured interviews were conducted.
The choice of these actors is linked to their dynamism in land In fact, in land development, landowners are the actors of land supply, and it is from these actors that the land used for subdivisions is mobilized.
Real estate developers are the actors of land demand.
They are the ones who carry out subdivision operations.
Between these two players are the canvassers, who act as intermediaries and help bring them into contact.
The other players are also important for analysis purposes, as they are involved in land development operations at one point or another.
However, this list of players is not exhaustive, as a wide variety of players are involved in land and property development (Sall, 2.
Les promoteurs immobiliers qui constituent lAoun des informateurs clys dans cette recherche ont yty identifiys suivant un choix raisonny.
LAoindisponibility de ces acteurs ainsi que leur ryticence y ychanger sur leur activity constitue la principale difficulty.
Certains dAoentre eux ont dAoailleurs assimilys le chercheur y un agent de renseignement au service du pouvoir en place afin dAoidentifier les promoteurs qui ne sont pas en rygle vis-y-vis de la loi.
Dans ces conditions, les entretiens avec ces acteurs ne se sont pas dyroulys suivant un plan ylabory mais plutyt en fonction de leur disponibility y participer y la collecte de donnyes.
In-depth individual interviews were therefore conducted with six .
real estate developers operating in Greater Ouaga.
Real estate developers highly seek after canvassers in the context of land mobilization.
They therefore constitute an important group for better understanding the changes and effects brought about by Law No.
008-2023/
ALT of 2023 on real estate development.
These actors were identified using the snowball technique.
As a result, a sales representative was identified with whom friendly ties were It was this individual who recommended other sales representatives, who in turn referred their peers.
These same sales representatives facilitated contact with landowners and potential customers.
An interview was conducted with at least one CVD in each municipality of Greater Ouaga.
Interviews with real estate agency managers took place at their respective offices.
The sample of actors surveyed was defined according to the principle of saturation.
Semi-structured interview guides adapted to each target group were used to collect data from these different actors.
For processing and analysis, all interviews, which had been recorded beforehand, were transcribed verbatim.
Through manual data collection and content analysis, the data were organized according to their unit of meaning to facilitate interpretation.
Additionally, data triangulation across different sources was conducted to ensure the quality of the collected data.
Verbatim quotes from these interviews are used to illustrate the comments.
The data collected primarily focuses on the factors that contributed to the emergence of real estate developers, as well as their involvement in land development, and the effects of this involvement on the actors involved in the production of the city, particularly salespeople, landowners, and real estate To ensure anonymity, interviewees were referred to by pseudonyms.
The analyses yielded results presented in the following section.
in housing development and production marked this period.
Governments took steps to encourage housing production by relying on the private property developers sector.
This is the purpose of law no.
057 on real estate development in Burkina Faso.
This law provides property developers with the opportunity to undertake land development operations.
Furthermore, five .
operations are included in the development, according to Article No.
2 of Law No.
017-2006/
AN of May 18, 2006, on the Urban Planning and Construction Code in Burkina Faso.
These include urban regrouping, property restoration, restructuring, subdivision and urban It is therefore legitimate for real estate promoters to engage in land development activities through subdivision.
On this point, real estate promoters are unanimous in stating that the development operations they carry out are legitimate and comply with the prescriptions of the legislative framework that governs their activity.
The testimony of (K) GEORGE, illustrates this State of affairs: AWe donAot do this business by The law itself authorizes us to build housing estates.
I think itAos a good thing, because it means that average civil servants can also have their own plots of land.
A .
xtract from interview, (K) GEORGE, real estate developer, interview carried out on February 17, 2.
These comments reflect the appropriation of the legislative framework by real estate developers, who rely on these limits to promote land.
Additionally.
Law No.
034-2009/AN of June 16, 2009, and the RAF (Agrarian and Land Reorganizatio.
of 2012, allow landowners to dispose of their land, providing potential buyers with the opportunity to discuss directly with landowners to obtain the land.
This situation creates favorable conditions for land mobilization.
In addition, the lax governance of the Movement of the People for Progress (MPP) regime has also accompanied the emergence of private property developers and real estate development.
Property developers report that: A ItAos RockAos power that has created a mess in real estate With less than $80,000 (USD), you can open a real estate development company.
You need to know someone in the government A (Extract from entrient, (D) CHARLE, real estate developer, interview carried out on July 16, 2023, in Ouagadougou at 10 a.
This involvement of political players is also noted by CVDs and canvassers, who constitute a major group of players on whom property developers rely for land mobilization.
These words from (G) DANIEL illustrate the point: A Local politicians own real estate development But these people donAot make themselves known.
I know them because theyAore the ones who come to see us at night so that we can facilitate certain situations for them.
(Extract from entrient, (G) DANIEL.
CVD, interview carried out on July 18, 2023, in Gonsy at 10 a.
) These comments show that, in addition to the regulatory framework, private property developersAo real estate development receives the support of certain government players.
Real estate developers are therefore taking advantage of this situation to grab vast areas of land in the rural communes of Great Ouaga.
Figures 2 show areas acquired by these players for land development.
The first image shows a space acquired by a real estate The second shows a housing development built by a private real estate developer, who has already begun selling the plots resulting from his development.
These are basic developments carried out by these real estate developers on these spaces.
No servicing is carried out, and roads are laid out as and when the purchasers of these plots move in.
These players invest very little in the land they develop to maximize their Results and Discussion Property developers within the law: AuWe only do what the law allows us to doAy.
In Burkina Faso, the year 2000 showed a major turning point in the housing sector.
A return of the state involvement developers are therefore taking advantage of this situation to grab vast areas of land in the rural communes of Great AND Ouaga.
REAL
FiguresESTATE 2 show areas acquired by these players for land development.
PRIVATE PROPERTY
DEVELOPERS
Abdoul Karim BAZIE et al.
Figure 2.
Real estate development zone in the rural municipality of Saaba, photo by the author Figure 2.
Real estate development zone in the rural municipality of Saaba, photo by the author In 211 fact, this activity so AulucrativeAy these players that of the MPP has contributed The firstisimage shows a space by a real estate The second a housing that in some rural communes of Great Ouaga, there is almost to the proliferation of real estate development activity and 212for the by a private real estate infrastructure.
developer, who has already begun selling thefor from his development.
no space left of social This and transformation of is what (S)213 OUMAR Developed of land with no These are basic developments carried out by these real estate developers n these spaces.
No servicing isplots in Komsilga, thereAos a project to build a school for the village, respect for servicing standards are being produced all over out, and roads are laid out as and when the purchasers of these plots move in.
These players invest very little in but theyAove214 sold all the land and thereAos no space left for the the rural communes of Great Ouaga.
Invisible road layouts school [.
A (Extract (S) OUMAR, accompany the the land they develop to maximize their profits.
In fact, this is so "lucrative" for these players thatoften in some interview carried out in December 2022 in Komsilga at 10 promotion of land by property developers.
However, the rural communes of Great Ouaga, there is almost no space left for the construction of social infrastructure.
This is These legislative measures have led to a proliferation of MPSR 2 government has undertaken reforms to regulate (S) OUMAR tells us in around this story:the A [.
in a village this in Komsilga, to buildallowed a school property for the and the of rural Law anA057.
Ouagadougou, nA008-2023/ALT village, but they've sold all the land and there's no space left for the school [.
A (Extract from entrient, (S) both the regulatory framework and the MPP regimeAos housing of June 20, 2023, on property development in Burkina Faso land development agents, interviewinto out in December 2022 in Komsilga at 10 a.
legislative measures policy have219 turnedOUMAR, real estate a AulucrativeAy (Soma et al.
, 2.
This These new legislative framework redefines activity in220 This These are now led to a proliferation of transactions and the depletion of rural land around the capital.
Ouagadougou, players is characterized by a Aulaissez-faireAy attitude, resulting in the excluded from land development, and their main role is to the benefitland of property In short, both the regulatory and The the MPP of agricultural into residential of areas for this activity state control.
These Law No.
have turned real estate development into a "lucrative" activity in which economic operators invest.
This activity is no longer be of 2008 on private real estate development in Burkina Faso is carried out on rural land.
Measures have also been taken to characterized by a "laissez-faire" attitude, resulting in the conversion of agricultural land into residential space not the only that has facilitated land development by control better the approvals issued by the Ministry in charge of real estate 224 This Law Approvals may be renewed, without significant state control.
These results show that Law No.
057 of 2008 on construction.
private real estate No.
034 on rural land tenure, the 2012 RAF, and the laxity suspended, or withdrawn.
In addition, measures of up to 10 in Burkina Faso is not the only factor that has facilitated land development by real estate developers.
This of the State.
These results highlight the need to reassess the yearsAo imprisonment and fines of up to 160,000 dollars (USD) also land by Law No.
on rural the 2012have RAF,been and the laxity of the against State.
These legislative framework for isrural the land tenure, per hectare These State to assume Furthermore, results highlight the need to reassess the legislative framework for rural land management and urge the State to Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration 2 (MPSR affecting all players involved in the transformation of rural land .
came to power, a new dynamic has been set in motion to into urban land.
Thus, the change in the legislative framework, provide a better framework for this activity.
marked by stricter measures and severe penalties, indicates a tightening of the noose around property developers.
AuThe end of the playgroundAy in real estate development Through its housing policy, the State has created the Real estate promoters and direct marketers are at a legal conditions to facilitate the involvement of private property developers and real estate developers in land development.
In the wake of the rereading of Law No.
57, the noose leading to a shift in function on the part of these players.
is tightening around private property developers in the However, the MPSR 2 government has taken steps to regulate production of urban space.
Landowners find themselves in this activity.
This section of the document presents the new a situation where they no longer have any land to cultivate, legislative framework in place, the restrictions imposed by and can no longer make a profit from the plots taken as the new law on private real estate development in Burkina compensation for their ceded land.
In fact, when mobilizing Faso, and shows the effects on the actors involved in land land, property developers hand over between four and five plots per hectare to the landowners giving up their fields.
is the sale of these plots that enables landowners to benefit from the financial resources of their land.
With the rereading Time for regulation of law nA057, a reluctance was created in the purchase of In Burkina Faso, the regulatory framework underpinned these developed plots by property developers.
As a result, by the Aulaissez-faireAy policy of post-revolutionary regimes.
Indonesian Journal of Geography.
Vol 57.
No.
landowners find themselves without arable land and with plots heavily in mobilizing land for subdivision.
With the new that no longer attract customers.
With the difficulty of selling legislation, the land mobilized by these players can no longer their plots, some landowners are seeking to relinquish the plots be subdivided, and those that have already been developed are they purchased from property developers, while demanding facing poor sales and reluctance on the part of buyers, who feel financial compensation.
that these plots do not offer security of tenure.
This is what (G) BOUBACAR says :
Landowners arenAot the only ones affected by this It also affects canvassers.
As intermediaries between landowners and property developers, canvassers have become A The advice IAom giving my friends right now is that involved in the mobilization of rural land for development.
if someone has the money right now to pay for a plot of Like landowners, they often obtain plots from both parties land, they just have to be patient first, because with the for their projects.
With the restrictions imposed by the new law that the transition has passed, itAos likely to hit a lot law, these canvassers face legal constraints that hinder the of people.
ItAos better not to invest in developersAo plots at marketing of plots by private property developers and real this time.
A (Extract from entrient (G) BOUBACAR, estate developers.
However, several canvassers had begun agricultural technician interview carried out on March speculating on land by buying plots at a lower cost and selling 15, 2023, in Ouagadougou at 3 p.
them at a higher price, hoping to make a profit.
Direct seller (O) WENDSOM explains the difficulties he and his peers are This reluctance on the part of the population has been currently encountering on the land market :
accentuated by the clearing of areas illegally developed by A [.
] the transition has spoiled everything.
We used to be property developers.
Figures 3.
illustrate this.
able to sell plots of land without any problems, but now nobody The images show the demolition of homes built on land wants plots of land from property developers.
Personally.
I illegally developed by private real estate developers in the paid $2,400 (USD) for a plot, and I had a client who wanted municipality of Komsilga.
This situation is leading some plot to buy it for $3,200 (USD) just the day before yesterday.
buyers to go to property developers to hand over their plots called to tell me heAos no longer interested, even though IAove and take money.
Real estate developers are therefore under put almost all my savings into it.
A (Extract from entrient (O) pressure from the law, as are landowners, canvassers and WENDSOM, direct seller, carried out on January 12, 2023 in customers, who now feel insecure on their sites.
(I) JACQUE
Saaba at 11 a.
reports that: ASince the law was revised, real estate developers WENDSOM is not the only one to face the reluctance have been coming here to see if we canAot take their land and of the local population to pay for plots of land by property give them money.
Because they can no longer divide and Indeed, many canvassers are no longer able to sell, they also donAot have the financial resources to build the resell their plots, and their involvement in land mobilization way we do.
A (Extract from entrient (I) JACQUE, real estate ISSN 2354-9114 .
ISSN 0024-9521 .
is becoming Furthermore, one of the developer, interview carried out on January 12, 2023 with in Indonesian Journal of GeographyVol 57.
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playersDOI:
affected by the effects the revision of Law No.
22146/ijg.
website:of htps://jurnal.
id/ijg Ouagadougou at 4 p.
These comments show that some 057 is real
A2025
Faculty of Geography UGM and The Indonesian Geographers AssociaAon players entered the real estate development business solely 299 Since the launch of the 40,000-unit housing program, the to promote land.
The review of the law probably marks the number of real estate developers has grown rapidly.
They have end of their activity in this sector.
This result shows that the taken over the rural land in Great Ouaga.
They have invested application of the new law could help clean up the private real Figure 3.
Clearance of illegallyofdeveloped sites in Komsilga, photo byphoto the author.
Figure 3.
Clearance illegally developed sites in Komsilga, by the author.
The images show the demolition of homes built on land illegally developed by private real estate developers in the municipality of Komsilga.
This situation is leading some plot buyers to go to property developers to hand
PRIVATE PROPERTY AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS
Abdoul Karim BAZIE et al.
estate development sector by targeting those involved in land development and speculation.
developers and heralding the cessation of activities for some of them.
Discussion Conclusion This article reveals that the regulatory framework, comprising Law No.
Law No.
034, and the 2012 RAF, has created conditions for real estate developers to intervene in land development.
In line with this finding.
Simonneau et al .
find that the regulatory provision, which was aimed more at securing the rural land domain and enabling major investments in this space while ensuring collective land management, has led to the commodification of vast areas of land by landowners.
According to OuydraogoAos .
analysis of new land tenure practices in the Ziro region of Burkina Faso, the existing legislative framework has accelerated the ownership of rural land by private property developers around urban centers.
These analyses show that information asymmetry in relation to the regulatory framework on land leads landowners to cede large areas of land to private property developers and investors, particularly property developers.
This situation is exacerbated in rural communes by the intervention of party politics in land transactions (Zoma & Djolgou, 2.
Contrary to the idea that land promotion by private property developers property developers is legal.
Compaory & Naon .
explains that this practice on rural land is contrary to the prescriptions of law nA34, which states in article 9 that A rural land is all land intended for agricultural, pastoral, forestry, wildlife, fish farming and conservation activities, located within the administrative boundaries of rural communes and villages attached to urban communes A.
These lands are therefore not recommended for real estate development.
And yet, analyses reveal that over 80,000 hectares of rural land have been taken away by these real estate developers.
In addition to the regulatory framework used by real estate developers to monopolize rural land, these players have also benefited from a Aulaissez-faireAy approach to governance.
Indeed, authors have demonstrated that subdivision operations have frequently contributed to satisfying the electorate and strengthening the position of parties in power.
On the involvement of political actors in real estate developments, authors such as Guigma .
and Sory .
have drawn attention to the period of increased number of private property developers in Burkina Faso.
Indeed, over 40% of approvals were issued in 2017, the year corresponding to the MPPAos launch of the 40,000 housing program.
In African countries, the dynamism of real estate development has been triggered by the advent of Structural Adjustment Programs.
In Mali, over fifty private property developer companies are involved in property development.
In Cyte dAoIvoire, the delicate nature of the intervention by these private property developers led the State to establish a legislative framework to better supervise their activities (Kanga, 2.
In Morocco, to address issues of substandard housing, public policies have undertaken reforms that favor partnerships between public and private property developers.
Analyses by Franyois et al, .
show that these public policies have facilitated the reconversion of agricultural land into residential space by private property developers and real estate developers.
These analyses corroborate the results obtained in Great Ouaga.
Under these conditions, the regulatory frameworks do not act as a brake on urban sprawl.
Furthermore, the modification of Law No.
057 and the measures taken to regulate the activity are creating reticence around the spaces produced by real estate In Burkina Faso, the government has multiplied its strategies to provide the population with adequate housing.
This has led to the introduction of legislative measures to support the State in the production of housing.
At the same time, these players have taken advantage of the limitations of the regulatory framework to promote land development.
The change in the law poses a problem for these real estate developers, who have invested in land development.
Based on an ethnographic approach that mobilized primary data from real estate developers, landowners, canvassers, plot customers, and land agents, the article shows that the regulatory framework for real estate development, as well as the MPPAos policy of producing 40,000 housing units through a partnership with the private property developers sector, has created conditions to facilitate land development.
This land development is all the more legitimate as it adheres to the regulations of the legislative framework for real estate development.
Analyses show that property developers have taken advantage of the gaps in various regulatory frameworks to acquire vast areas of land for subdivisions.
With the amendment of law nA057, land tenure insecurity has been established around the plots produced by these players.
This law restricts the activities of real estate developers, forcing them to abandon subdivision operations, and creates a lack of interest in the areas developed by these players.
The rereading of the law is also creating major difficulties for landowners and canvassers who previously derived financial benefits from this activity.
These people now find themselves without fields to cultivate and with plots they can no longer sell.
If this situation persists, they say, the proliferation of undeveloped plots of land and delinquency are vices to be expected in Great Ouaga.
If this situation persists, according to them, the proliferation of undeveloped land and crime are problems to be expected in Greater Ouaga.
These results call on the government to exercise rigorous control over the actual activities of private real estate developers.
They also demonstrate that this sector needs to be cleaned up to exclude real estate developers who lack the capacity to build housing that meets expectations.
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