411
Indonesian Journal of Science & Technology 11(3) (2026) 411-424

Indonesian Journal of Science & Technology
Journal homepage: http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/ijost/

Justification of Design Parameters for Efficient Operation
of Submersible Pumps to Support Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
Rustam Ergashev¹,*, Oleg Glovatskii², Berdiyor Kalimbetov³, Dustnazar Khimmataliev⁴, Rabim Fayziev⁵,
Mexriddim Pardaev², Gulchexra Ergasheva¹, Sirojiddin Saydullaev⁶
1

2

TIIAME National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
3
Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
4
Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Chirchik, Uzbekistan
5
Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
6
Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan
*
Correspondence: E-mail: erustamrah@mail.ru

ABSTRACT
This study seeks to justify design parameters that enhance
the efficient operation of submersible pumps in support of
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG
number 6, 7, and 9. Laboratory experiments and flow-path
modeling were combined to assess water quality, suspended
solids, and energy loss in pipelines. Pump performance under
varying conditions was evaluated, including wear impacts on
seals and thrust bearings, using vibration diagnostics. Bypass
regulation improved efficiency and reduced required head,
while valve throttling increased energy loss and caused
overheating at low flow. Friction loss rose due to pipe scaling
and corrosion. The study shows that performance
degradation occurs because of mismatches between
hydraulic resistance and impeller load, and insufficient
cooling under sediment-rich conditions. The findings offer
guidelines for intelligent pump control and predictive
maintenance. These improvements are crucial for optimizing
water
resource
infrastructure,
reducing
energy
consumption, and ensuring sustainable irrigation and
drainage in line with global development goals.
© 2026 Tim Pengembang Jurnal UPI

ARTICLE INFO
Article History:
Submitted/Received 12 Jun 2025
First Revised 13 Jul 2025
Accepted 14 Sep 2025
First Available Online 15 Sep 2025
Publication Date 01 Dec 2026

____________________
Keyword:
Diagnostics,
Energy efficiency,
Irrigation,
SDGs,
Submersible pumps.

Ergashev et al., Justification of Design Parameters for Efficient Operation of Submersible … | 412

1. INTRODUCTION
Submersible pumps are integral components in irrigation and water supply systems, but
are known for their high energy consumption, with estimates indicating they account for a
significant portion of global electricity use, up to nearly one-fifth [1, 2]. Many reports
regarding the pump have been well-documented [3-7]. Improving the operational efficiency
of these systems is essential, especially given the increasing demand for sustainable resource
management in agriculture and water infrastructure. The performance of submersible pumps
is closely tied to flow rate, pressure head, and rotation speed, which are influenced by both
mechanical design and environmental conditions.
Previous studies have shown considerable variability in energy consumption across pump
types and usage contexts. Energy output/input ratios between 1.6 and 1.8, and energy
intensities of 0.7 to 0.8 MJ/kg in agricultural operations have been reported [8]. These figures
reflect the critical need to reduce inefficiencies caused by outdated designs, oversized
motors, and poor regulation methods. Technological advancements such as frequency
inverters and multistage impeller systems have demonstrated potential in boosting pump
performance and reducing operational costs [9, 10]. Moreover, predictive models have been
developed to estimate energy demand based on flow, dynamic head, and motor power [11,
12].
Nonetheless, empirical studies continue to reveal significant performance degradation due
to wear in thrust bearings, impeller seal gaps, and hydraulic friction losses in pipelines.
Submersible well pumps, in particular, face challenges related to sedimentation, mineral
scaling, and quasi-static loading conditions with frequent starts. These issues contribute to
reduced flow rates, increased power draw, overheating, and eventual failure. The
modernization of these systems, especially those with high specific cost per kilowatt, is
essential to extending service life and improving energy efficiency [13, 14].
This study aims to justify critical design parameters for submersible pumps by integrating
diagnostic monitoring, modeling of hydraulic resistance, and empirical evaluation of
component wear. The novelty lies in correlating diagnostic signals (such as vibration,
temperature, and pressure) with mechanical degradation in seals and bearings. These
findings are expected to inform smarter operational strategies and maintenance schedules.
Ultimately, the research contributes to broader development goals by supporting efficient
water infrastructure and energy conservation, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), especially SDG 6 (Clean Water), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 9
(Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).
2. METHODS
Figure 1 shows the experimental setup used to evaluate the performance characteristics
of submersible pumps under various flow and pressure conditions. This setup included a
borehole pump, a control station with a pressure regulator, and sensors for measuring
pressure, temperature, and electrical parameters.
These components enabled a controlled analysis of how changes in operating conditions
influence pump efficiency, wear, and hydraulic resistance. When performing the work,
methods of hydraulic research of the flow structure in pump units were used based on
refinement in the process of a simulation study of hydraulic processes corresponding to
various operating modes. The reliability of the data obtained during theoretical studies was
proven by mathematical methods of checking the adequacy of the results of experiments and
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

413 | Indonesian Journal of Science & Technology, Volume 11 Issue 3, December 2026 Hal 411-424

field studies during the operation of pumps. When performing the work, methods were used
to determine the quality of pumped water with a set of n-parameters: concentration of
suspended particles, floating bodies, chemical properties, density, and temperature. Knowing
these parameters enables the construction of a nomogram using the quadratic interpolation
method to assess the flow turbidity and saturation with fine materials.
The method for substantiating the optimal parameters of flow paths under conditions of
uncertainty in the initial information includes several stages: selection of possible variations
of input values, grouping of uncertain parameters for joint optimization, and determination
of solution zones that remain economical within bounded input values. The study employed
modeling methods to calculate pressure fields in the impeller at each pump stage and
included both full-scale and laboratory tests of borehole pumps under real-world operating
conditions [15, 16].

Figure 1. Diagram of the experimental installation of a submersible pump. Note: 1 Borehole pump; 2 - Control station with pressure regulator; 3- Multimeter; 4- Pressure
switch; 5 - Gate valve; 6 - Hydraulic accumulator; 7 - Well filter.
Figure 2 illustrates the performance characteristics of the ECV 6-10-80 pump under varying
flow conditions, showing changes in pressure and system response. This experiment was
essential for evaluating hydraulic losses and the impact of modernized components.

Figure 2. Results of an experiment on the characteristics of a system with a modernized
pump ECV 6-10-80.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

Ergashev et al., Justification of Design Parameters for Efficient Operation of Submersible … | 414

Analytical models were also applied to estimate energy loss due to pipeline friction and
local resistances. These losses were calculated based on pipeline material roughness,
operational wear, and changes in the inner surface condition due to corrosion and mineral
scaling. To study the degradation of pump components, controlled wear was introduced into
thrust bearings and impeller seals using naturally worn or machined parts. Diagnostic
parameters such as pressure, vibration, temperature, and flow were measured at two wear
levels (normal and maximum).
All measurements were performed using standard devices such as pressure gauges (class
0.4), IR 51 flow indicators (class I), and the K505 meter integrated into the electric circuit.
Temperature was controlled with thermal resistors, and each test condition was repeated to
ensure accuracy. The analysis included statistical validation of the observed trends in
performance degradation across various submersible pump models.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Figure 3 presents the characteristics of submersible pumps under varied flow rates. The
experimental data showed that regulating pump flow using a valve often led to unnecessary
hydraulic power losses. When the flow was increased beyond the design point, the pump
pressure dropped significantly, and when it was reduced, the electric motor experienced
overheating, bearing lubrication failure, and reduced overall efficiency.

Figure 3. Pump characteristics at increased flow (a) and reduced flow (b).
The analysis of well management for the successful operation of submersible pumps
revealed the complexity of modern engineering systems with the need to timely anticipate,
diagnose, and control abnormal events and measures to mitigate their consequences. It is
necessary to develop intelligent automation systems for assessing and optimizing the
parameters of submersible pump systems.
A multi-stage submersible centrifugal pump converts kinetic energy into hydrodynamic
pressure necessary to lift water at higher speeds at lower pressures. However, several factors
and problems can make it difficult to operate wells to optimize their parameters by increasing
efficiency and reducing losses. The objective function should include the main factors
associated with the characteristics of the pumped water and pump parameters. Water inflow

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

415 | Indonesian Journal of Science & Technology, Volume 11 Issue 3, December 2026 Hal 411-424

and outflow parameters include well configuration, pressure, temperature, and flow
properties [17].
Based on the flow field calculation method and loss model, the performance prediction of
the mixed flow pump impeller and the performance curves of the variable blade mixed flow
pump model are achieved. Compared with the test data, the mixed flow pump loss model
based on iterative calculation can quickly and accurately predict the impeller performance,
which is of great significance for engineering applications [18, 19].
Reducing siltation of the inlet chamber is necessary, since deposited sediments seriously
disrupt the hydraulic structure of the flow when water is sucked in by pumps, as a result of
which their efficiency decreases. To reduce siltation of a well by artificially creating turbulence
in the water flow in the bottom layer, the theory of submerged water jets was used to
determine their main characteristics. Most existing methods for estimating the operating
pressure of pumps under conditions of viscous fluid flow are of an empirical nature by
correlating experimental data with correction factors. A new model is proposed that takes
into account the influence of the viscosity of working fluids on the hydraulic heads of pumps,
which is confirmed using a database collected from various types of submersible pumps [20,
21].
When changing the operating mode of a submersible pump depending on changes in the
water level in the well, achieved by changing the rotation speed of the pump and,
consequently, its flow, the condition of the submersible equipment may deteriorate. This is
explained by the influence of sediment deposition on the working parts, their clogging, silting,
and abrasive wear due to the impact of solid particles moved with water, as well as the
sticking of the working parts on the supporting surfaces of the pump. Moreover, submersible
pumps often operate in a quasi-static load mode with a relatively short-term well
development and numerous starts, the number and frequency of which change during
operation [22, 23].
The initial data accepted in further calculations of the electricity of borehole pumping units
include the static water level in the well, the characteristics of the well according to the
relationship S = f (Q) between the dynamic decrease in the water level in the well S and the
flow rate Q. The values of the operational parameters of the dynamic decrease in Sex and
flow rate Qex, the elevation of the wellhead and the center of the outlet of the outlet pipeline,
and the water supply mode are taken into account.
We carried out field and laboratory studies of borehole pumping units [24]. The results of
experiments carried out at JSC "SUVMASH" confirmed the influence of hydraulic pressure on
the useful power of the pump (equation (1)):
𝑃 =𝑄×𝜌×𝑔×𝐻× 𝑊
Where Q is the volumetric flow rate of liquid (m³/s); g is gravitational acceleration (m/s²);
ρ is the density of the pumped liquid (kg/m³); and H is the pump head (m). The required
pressure was determined by research on an experimental installation of a submersible pump.
Pump efficiency η\eta is calculated based on the ratio of useful power (P) to the rated power
(Py) of the selected hydraulic unit (equation (2)):
𝜂 = 𝑃/𝑃𝑁
(2)
The use of bypass pressure makes it possible to reduce the required pump pressure with
an increase in efficiency by 15–20% and reduce energy consumption when placing the pump
station on the lower horizon. The individual rate of electricity consumption (Hn) is determined
by the equation (3):
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

Ergashev et al., Justification of Design Parameters for Efficient Operation of Submersible … | 416
𝛨𝑛 =

2×72×𝐻
𝜂𝑁

𝑘𝑊,ℎ

(3)

× 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚3

Where N is the efficiency of the electric pump at the operational flow rate of the well,
with a change in the efficiency of the pump during operation. Energy losses in the pressure
pipeline occur as the fluid overcomes hydraulic resistance along the pipe’s length and through
local resistances (equation (4)):
hw =   hwе + hwM , m

(4)

Where hw is the amount of energy loss in the pressure pipeline; hew is the amount of energy
loss due to friction in the first year of pipeline operation; K is a coefficient representing
changes in roughness over time; hMw is the energy loss in local resistances.
During long-term operation, corrosion, mineral scaling, and sedimentation increase the
internal roughness of pressure pipelines, thereby increasing friction losses. These changes can
significantly reduce overall pump efficiency, especially in systems with extended pipeline
lengths. Our studies show that the formation of deposits is influenced by the chemical
composition of water, pipe material, and flow dynamics.
The studies were carried out on pumping units with pumps ETsV 10-160-35 and ETsV12255-30G with a submersible electric motor 6PEDV32-230. These pumps are suitable for lifting
water with a temperature not exceeding 25°C and with a mechanical impurity content of not
more than 0.05% by weight and mineralization below 25 g/l. During initial start-up, a higher
sand content (up to 0.1% by weight) was tolerated for a limited period.
Figure 4 is presented to illustrate the dependencies between pressure, power, and
efficiency as a function of seal clearance in the ECV 10-160-35 submersible pump. This
diagnostic analysis allowed for a visual evaluation of how mechanical wear in impeller seals
leads to significant performance degradation.

Figure 4. Dependencies between the functions of pressure, power, and efficiency, and
clearances in seals (Q).
Currently, vertical drainage systems with submersible pumps are being modernized in
Uzbekistan. The structural parameters of the technical condition of a submersible pump can
be divided into basic ones, the change of which within the limits of values determined by
technological and operational factors has a significant impact on the output characteristics
and reliability indicators of the unit, and additional ones, the value of which, within the
specified limits, has a slight effect on its performance. The question of which class should be
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

417 | Indonesian Journal of Science & Technology, Volume 11 Issue 3, December 2026 Hal 411-424

assigned to certain parameters was decided on the basis of an analysis of the relationship
between them and the performance criteria of the pumps.
The variable factors during the implementation of the experiments were the gaps in the
radial bearings of the ECV 10-120-60 submersible pump and the power parts of the unit, wear
of the thrust bearing, and the impeller. Their change was carried out by installing
corresponding parts with natural (removed from failed electric pumps) or artificial (after
machining) wear of the working surfaces into experimental pumps of the ETsV 12-255-30 G
and ETsV 10-120-60 brands.
The performance criteria of the unit (flow, efficiency, temperature in the cavity of the
electric motor) were determined from the readings of the corresponding instruments and
calculated using the given formulas. During the experiments, the temperature of the pumped
liquid was maintained at 20±1°C and controlled by a thermal resistance installed in the suction
zone of the pumps. The pump pressure was measured with standard pressure gauges of class
0.4.
The pump flow was measured by primary induction transducers installed in pressure
pipelines with limits of 0 to 200 m³/h and determined by indicating instruments IR 51 of
accuracy class I installed on the control station panel. The current characteristics of the pumps
under study were determined according to the readings of the K505 measuring device built
into the power circuit of the electric pump. All measurements were performed twice, at
certain time intervals, and then the data were averaged.
During the experiments, each parameter was varied at two levels, corresponding to its
values during normal running-in during 20 hours of operation of the unit and maximum wear,
determined based on the results of controlled operation of the electric pumps. Based on
these experiments, the dependences of the operating characteristics of electric pumps on the
SP values were obtained. Their analysis showed that the least impact of the specified
parameters on the performance of electric pumps is exerted by the clearances in the radial
bearings of the pumps. This is explained by the fact that when the bearing surfaces wear out,
their function can be performed by other elements (floating seals, spacers). The influence of
gaps in radial bearings of electric motors is more significant; if they exceed the gap between
the rotor and stator, it leads to failure of the stator winding insulation.
The rear seals of the impellers of the ECV 10-120-60 pumps serve mainly to unload the unit
from axial force, which significantly affects the performance of the unit when operating in a
high-pressure area. The main purpose of the front seals of the impellers is to prevent the flow
of pumped liquid from the pressure to the suction area. As the gaps in them increase, the
volume of water circulating in the pump increases and, accordingly, its flow and efficiency
decrease. Analysis of the characteristics showed that when the gaps in the specified seals
change from nominal to maximum values, the flow and efficiency of the units at nominal
pressures decrease by more than 50% for ECV 10-120-60 and by about 25% for ECV 12-25530 G, which is a parametric failure.
Wear of the elements of the thrust bearing of a submersible pump and the thrust bearing
leads to deterioration of the lubrication conditions of their rubbing surfaces, which
contributes to an increase in mechanical losses, resulting in a decrease in efficiency. The
temperature in the cavity of its electric motor increases. Experimental data showed that when
the total wear of the heel and thrust bearing changed from 0.2 (running wear) to 4 mm, the
efficiency of the unit decreased by about 30% in the working area, while its feed changed
slightly, only in the high-pressure zone. At the same time, the temperature increased in the
thrust bearing housing by 40–50°C, in the stator winding by 30–40°C. At the same time, the
wear rate increased significantly. A thrust bearing with wear of 4 mm was built into the
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

Ergashev et al., Justification of Design Parameters for Efficient Operation of Submersible … | 418

experimental pump, and after operating for 20 hours under various conditions, it had worn
to 9 mm. Thus, wear of the thrust bearing elements leads to first parametric and then
functional failure of the unit.
Experimental studies of the selected main components varied at several levels, which
made it possible to determine the dependence of the operating characteristics of the pumps
on them under various operating modes. For pump elements, diagnostic parameters (DP)
were used as a response function. They included: feed, load current, pressure, rotor speed,
temperature, and vibration characteristics. Analysis of the experimental results showed that
changing the gaps in the impeller seals led to unambiguous changes in the pressure
characteristics of the pumps. In this case, the unit pressure with the valve fully closed was
taken as a diagnostic parameter. Based on experimental data, relationships were obtained
between changes in pressure, power, and efficiency and gaps in seals.
The selected diagnostic parameter was conditional, where subsequent checks depended
on the results of previous ones. If the diagnostic parameters had unacceptable values, the
diagnosis was stopped, and routine repairs of the unit were scheduled. If the limit value is
exceeded, there is no need to evaluate the diagnostic parameters during the thrust bearing
restoration process. The use of the described diagnostic technique made it possible to
prevent a significant part of functional (more than 70%) and almost all parametric failures
[25]. As additional data is accumulated on the factors that determine the performance of
reclamation pumps and on the processes occurring in them during operation, in order to
increase the efficiency of their diagnosis, it is advisable to clarify the accepted wear,
structural, and diagnostic models.
Continued experimental studies confirmed that each worn component contributes
uniquely to pump degradation. Among them, thrust bearing wear had the most critical
impact, not only reducing efficiency but also accelerating damage to the stator and increasing
internal temperature. The diagnostic system proposed in this study, which monitors multiple
technical parameters, allows for early intervention before irreversible damage occurs. Such
preventative maintenance frameworks can significantly extend the service life of submersible
pumps in irrigation systems.
In practice, using diagnostic thresholds for seal clearance and thrust bearing wear helps
operators identify parametric failures before they become functional failures. This not only
minimizes downtime but also reduces energy waste by ensuring the pump operates within its
optimal range. As found in these experiments, exceeding the limit value in any one
component often leads to a chain reaction of wear and energy inefficiency across the system.
Moreover, the results demonstrate that smart monitoring systems can replace reactive
repair models with predictive diagnostics. By evaluating flow, pressure, temperature, and
vibration as interconnected signals, it is possible to develop a real-time performance
monitoring system. This approach aligns with the broader goal of smart water management
and supports decision-making in both rural and industrial-scale irrigation projects.
From the perspective of sustainable development, these findings contribute directly to
SDG 6 by ensuring more reliable access to clean water through improved pump infrastructure.
By reducing energy loss and optimizing pump operation, the work also advances SDG 7,
promoting energy efficiency and sustainability. Additionally, the implementation of
diagnostic systems and performance-based design modernization reflects innovation in water
infrastructure, supporting SDG 9 through the enhancement of industry and resilient
technologies. Finally, this study adds new information regarding SDGs, as reported elsewhere
(Table 1).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

419 | Indonesian Journal of Science & Technology, Volume 11 Issue 3, December 2026 Hal 411-424

Table 1. Previous studies on SDGs.
No
Title
1
Dataset on the number of schools, teachers, and students in Sulawesi,
Indonesia
2
A bibliometric insight into materials research trends and innovation
3
Techno-economic analysis of sawdust-based trash cans
4
Education on diversification of food using infographic
5
Sustainable packaging: Bioplastics as a low-carbon future step
6
Enhancing innovative thinking through a theory-based instructional model
7
Environmentally friendly packaging and zero waste interest
8
HIRADC for workplace safety in manufacturing
9
Enhancing job satisfaction through HRIS and communication
10 Analysis of student’s awareness of sustainable diet
11 Professional readiness in vocational education
12 Smart learning as transformative impact of technology
13 Sustainable development goals (SDGs) in science education: Definition,
literature review, and bibliometric analysis
14 Optimizing lemon commodities and community empowerment
15 Integrating generative AI-based multimodal learning
16 Application of Mediterranean diet patterns on sustainability
17 Definition and role of sustainable materials
18 Safe food treatment technology
19 Wet organic waste ecoenzymes for environmental conservation
20 Techno-economic analysis of production ecobrick
21 Self-efficacy on affective learning outcomes
22 School feeding program and SDGs in education
23 Physical adaptation of college students in high-altitude training
24 Enhancing occupational identity and self-efficacy

Ref
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
[39]
[40]
[41]
[42]
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]

4. CONCLUSION
This study justified critical design parameters that significantly affect the efficiency and
operational reliability of submersible pumps. The experimental findings demonstrated that
seal clearance, thrust bearing wear, and pipeline roughness are the main contributors to
reduced performance. Diagnostic techniques based on vibration, temperature, and pressure
readings enabled the early detection of both parametric and functional failures.
Modernization of vertical drainage systems using real-time diagnostics and performance
modeling has been shown to enhance pump efficiency by 15–20% and reduce energy
consumption. Moreover, empirical data confirmed that predictive maintenance strategies are
more effective than reactive repair approaches in prolonging pump lifespan.
These improvements directly support Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 6
(Clean Water) by improving water delivery systems, SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by
reducing power loss in irrigation infrastructure, and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and
Infrastructure) through the application of intelligent control technologies to pump
systems.The experimental results demonstrate the significant enhancement in freshwater
productivity and efficiency achieved by the MSS compared to the CSS. The incorporation of
modifications, likely involving nanofluids, led to consistently higher outer and inner glass
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

Ergashev et al., Justification of Design Parameters for Efficient Operation of Submersible … | 420

temperatures, indicating improved solar energy absorption and heat retention within the
MSS. Consequently, the water temperature in the MSS reached a peak of approximately 73°C,
notably higher than the 65°C peak observed in the CSS. This resulted in a substantially greater
accumulated freshwater yield of around 1050 mL for the MSS by the end of the day,
representing an approximate 66.67% improvement over the CSS, which produced about 630
mL. Furthermore, the peak energy conversion efficiency of the MSS reached approximately
57%, significantly outperforming the CSS peak efficiency of around 32%, with an estimated
average efficiency improvement of about 85.7%. These findings underscore the effectiveness
of the implemented modifications in the MSS for enhancing solar distillation performance
under the specific environmental conditions of the study.
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We express our gratitude to the Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems and
the team at JSC “SUVMASH” for providing access to experimental facilities and technical
support. Special thanks are also extended to TIIAME National Research University and all
participating institutions for their contributions to data collection and analysis. The research
aligns with national efforts to improve energy efficiency and technological innovation in
Uzbekistan’s water management sector.
6. AUTHORS’ NOTE
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this
article. The authors confirmed that the paper was free of plagiarism.
7. REFERENCES
[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

Kotenko, A., Herman, V., and Kotenko, A. (2014). Rationalization of Ukrainian industrial
enterprises in the context of using torque flow pumps on the basis of valuation of the
life cycle of pumping equipment. Nauka i Studia, 16(126), 83–91.
Rylnikova, M., and Knyazkin, E. (2020). Substantiation of parameters of the energyefficient water outflow scheme of underground mine using energy of hydro-flows. E3S
Web of Conferences, 192, 03004.
Molina, D.A.B., Restrepo, R.R., Forero, J.E.D., and Toscano, A.D.R. (2021).
Computational analysis of different turbulence models in a vane pump simulation.
Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 159-182.
Glovatskii, O., Kalimbetov, B., Ergashev, R., Kholbutaev, B., Pardaev, M., Ergasheva, G.,
Nasirova, N., and Khimmataliev, D.O. (2025). Modernization of Submersible Pump
Designs for Sustainable Irrigation: A Bibliometric and Experimental Contribution to
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology,
10(3), 427-438.
Ergashev, R.R., Ergasheva, G.S., Bekchanov, F.A., Kayumova, D.N., Teshaboeva, F.R.,
Dilova, N.G., and Karimov, R.R. (2025). Assessment of the condition of pump units based
on vibration diagnostic indicators supported by artificial intelligence (AI) and completed
with bibliometric literature review. ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(3),
495-520.
Bhosale, S.K. (2022). Development of a solar-powered submersible pump system
without the use of batteries in agriculture. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research
and Technology, 2(1), 57-64.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

421 | Indonesian Journal of Science & Technology, Volume 11 Issue 3, December 2026 Hal 411-424

[7]

[8]
[9]
[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]
[20]

[21]

[22]

Irawan, A.K., Rusdiana, D., Setiawan, W., Purnama, W., Fauzi, R.M., Fauzi, S.A., Alfani,
A.H.F., and Arfiyogo, M.R. (2021). Design-construction of a solar cell energy water pump
as a clean water source for people in Sirnajaya village, Gununghalu district. ASEAN
Journal of Science and Engineering Education, 1(1), 15-20.
Mrini, M., Senhaji, F., and Pimentel, D. (2001). Energy analysis of sugarcane production
in Morocco. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 3(2), 109–126.
Aydin, H., and Merey, S. (2021). Design of electrical submersible pump system in
geothermal wells: A case study from West Anatolia, Turkey. Energy, 230, 120891.
Shuiguang, T., Hang, Z., Huiqin, L., Yue, Y., Jinfu, L., and Feiyun, C. (2020). Multi-objective
optimization of multistage centrifugal pump based on surrogate model. Journal of Fluids
Engineering, 142(1), 011101.
Ramez, A., Al-Hakimi, W., Perozo, N., and Jaeger, P. (2023). Real-time liquid rate and
water cut prediction from the electrical submersible pump sensors data using machinelearning algorithms. ACS Omega, 8(14), 12671–12692.
Calisir, S. (2007). The evaluation of performance and energy usage in submersible deep
well irrigation pumping plants. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa, and Latin
America, 38(1), 9–17.
Han, C., Liu, J., Yang, Y., and Chen, X. (2023). Influence of blade exit angle on the
performance and internal flow pattern of a high-speed electric submersible pump.
Water, 15, 2774.
Yong, H., Ling, B., Danyang, D., Weidong, S., and Ling, Z. (2023). Effects of tip clearance
on energy performance of three-stage electrical submersible pump. Geoenergy Science
and Engineering, 226, 211696.
Nasyrova, N., Glovatsky, O., Ergashev, R., Rashidov, J., and Kholbutaev, B. (2021). Design
aspects of operation of water supply facilities of pumping stations. E3S Web of
Conferences, 274, 03008.
Maitelli, C. P., Bezerra, F., and Mata, W. (2010). Simulation of flow in a centrifugal pump
of espresso systems using computational fluid dynamics. Brazilian Journal of Petroleum
and Gas, 4(1), 1–7.
Al-Hejjaj, M. A., Sadeq, D. J., and Al-Fatlawi, O. (2023). A review of the electrical
submersible pump development chronology. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum
Engineering, 24(2), 123–135.
Bing, H., Tan, L., Cao, S., and Lu, L. (2012). Prediction method of impeller performance
and analysis of loss mechanism for mixed-flow pump. Science China Technological
Sciences, 55(7), 1988–1998.
Glovatskii, O., Ergashev, R., Nasirova, N., Rashidov, J., and Kholbutaev, B. (2023).
Experimental tests of submersible vane pumps. E3S Web of Conferences, 401, 05065.
Urishev, B., Eshev, S., Nosirov, F. J., and Kuvatov, U. (2021). A device for reducing the
siltation of the front chamber of the pumping station in irrigation systems. E3S Web of
Conferences, 274, 03001.
Zhu, J., and Zhang, H. Q. (2016). Mechanistic modeling and numerical simulation of insitu gas void fraction inside ESP impeller. Journal of Natural Gas Science and
Engineering, 36, 144–154.
Thin, K. C., Khaing, M. M., and Aye, K. M. (2008). Design and performance analysis of
centrifugal pump. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 46, 422–
429.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

Ergashev et al., Justification of Design Parameters for Efficient Operation of Submersible … | 422

[23] Glovatskii, O., Usmanov, S., Ergashev, R., Hamdamov, B., and Gazaryan, A. (2023).
Hydrometric flow measurement in water management. E3S Web of Conferences, 365,
03016.
[24] Glovatskii, O., Dzhurabekov, A., Sadiev, U., Rustamov, Sh., Rashidov, J., and Saparov, A.
(2023). Improving the efficiency of irrigation pumps. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2612,
020030.
[25] Glovatskii, O., Azizov, O., Bekchanov, F., Gazaryan, A., Shomayramov, M., and Ismailov,
N. (2020). Diagnostic tests of vertical pumps modernized pump stations. IOP Conference
Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 883(1), 012032.
[26] Abduh, A., Achmad, S.F., Syam, C., Samad, S., Arham, M., Mustafa, M., and Pandang, A.
(2026). Dataset on the number of schools, teachers, and students in Sulawesi,
Indonesia: kindergarten, primary, junior, senior high, vocational, and Islamic boarding
schools with educational access, quality, and cultural implications to solve challenges
and strategies in education management and support Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs). ASEAN Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 4(1), 89-116.
[27] Al-Obaidi, A.S.M. (2026). The Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology (JESTEC):
A bibliometric insight into materials research trends and innovation to support
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in
Materials, 5(1), 101-122.
[28] Apriliani, A., Waahyudin, C., Ramdani, F.T., Martin, A.Y., Syahrudin, D., Hernawan, D.,
and Salbiah, E. (2026). Techno-economic analysis of sawdust-based trash cans and their
contribution to Indonesia’s green tourism policy and the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs). ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials, 5(1), 17-36.
[29] Awalussillmi, I., Febriyana, K.R., Padilah, N., and Saadah, N.A. (2023). Efforts to improve
sustainable development goals (SDGs) through education on diversification of food
using infographic: Animal and vegetable protein. ASEAN Journal of Agricultural and
Food Engineering, 2(2), 113-120.
[30] Basnur, J., Putra, M.F.F., Jayusman, S.V.A., and Zulhilmi, Z. (2024). Sustainable
packaging: Bioplastics as a low-carbon future step for the sustainable development
goals (SDGs). ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials, 3(1), 51-58.
[31] Di, R., Sawangboon, T., and Chano, J. (2025). Enhancing innovative thinking through a
theory-based instructional model in design education to support Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). ASEAN Journal of Educational Research and Technology,
4(3), 311-332.
[32] Haq, M.R.I., Nurhaliza, D.V., Rahmat, L.N., and Ruchiat, R.N.A. (2024). The influence of
environmentally friendly packaging on consumer interest in implementing zero waste
in the food industry to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs) needs. ASEAN
Journal of Economic and Economic Education, 3(2), 111-116.
[33] Henny, H., Budi, A.H.S., Andriyansyah, M., Ar Rozzak, M.R., Baru, M.M., and Masek, A.
(2025). Hazard identification, risk assessment, and determining control (HIRADC) for
workplace safety in manufacturing industry: A risk-control framework complete with
bibliometric literature review analysis to support sustainable development goals
(SDGs). ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials, 4(2), 267-284.
[34] Imaniyati, N., Ratnasari, C.D., and Adman, A. (2025). Enhancing job satisfaction through
human resource information systems and communication: A commitment-based
approach to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in education-oriented
organizations. ASEAN Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 4(2), 237-254.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

423 | Indonesian Journal of Science & Technology, Volume 11 Issue 3, December 2026 Hal 411-424

[35] Keisyafa, A., Sunarya, D.N., Aghniya, S.M., and Maula, S.P. (2024). Analysis of student’s
awareness of sustainable diet in reducing carbon footprint to support Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. ASEAN Journal of Agricultural and Food Engineering,
3(1), 67-74.
[36] Khamdamovna, K.S. (2025). Enhancing professional readiness in vocational education
through an integrative approach aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs). ASEAN Journal for Science Education, 4(2), 143-154
[37] Makinde, S.O., Ajani, Y.A., and Abdulrahman, M.R. (2024). Smart learning as
transformative impact of technology: A paradigm for accomplishing sustainable
development goals (SDGs) in education. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and
Technology, 4(3), 213-224.
[38] Maryanti, R., Rahayu, N. I., Muktiarni, M., Al Husaeni, D. F., Hufad, A., Sunardi, S., and
Nandiyanto, A. B. D. (2022). Sustainable development goals (SDGs) in science education:
Definition, literature review, and bibliometric analysis. Journal of Engineering Science
and Technology, 17(6), 161-181.
[39] Maulana, I., Asran, M.A., and Ash-Habi, R.M. (2023). Implementation of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) no. 12: Responsible production and consumption by
optimizing lemon commodities and community empowerment to reduce household
waste. ASEAN Journal of Community Service and Education, 2(2), 141-146.
[40] Nurjamin, A., Nurjamin, L.R., Fajriah, Y.N., Nurjamin, A.K., and Firdaus, H.A. (2026).
Integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI)-based multimodal learning in education
to enhance literacy aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ASEAN Journal
of Educational Research and Technology, 4(1), 71-88.
[41] Nurnabila, A.T., Basnur, J., Rismayani, R., Ramadhani, S., and Zulhilmi, Z. (2023). Analysis
of the application of Mediterranean diet patterns on sustainability to support the
achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Zero hunger, good health and
well beings, responsible consumption, and production. ASEAN Journal of Agricultural
and Food Engineering, 2(2), 105-112.
[42] Ragadhita, R., Nandiyanto, A.B.D., Farobie, O., Kurniawan, T., and Bilad, M.R. (2026).
Definition and role of sustainable materials in reaching global Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) completed with bibliometric analysis. ASEAN Journal for Science and
Engineering in Materials, 5(1), 53-100.
[43] Rahmah, F.A., Nurlaela, N., Anugrah, R., and Putri, Y.A.R. (2024). Safe food treatment
technology: The key to realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) zero hunger
and optimal health. ASEAN Journal of Agricultural and Food Engineering, 3(1), 57-66.
[44] Sesrita, A., Adri, H.T., Suherman, I., Rasmitadila, R., and Fanani, M.Z. (2025). Production
of wet organic waste ecoenzymes as an alternative solution for environmental
conservation supporting sustainable development goals (SDGs): A techno-economic
and bibliometric analysis. ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials, 4(2),
245-266.
[45] Syahrudin, D., Roestamy, M., Fauziah, R.S.P., Rahmawati, R., Pratidina, G., Purnamasari,
I., Muhtar, S., and Salbiah, E. (2026). Techno-economic analysis of production ecobrick
from plastic waste to support sustainable development goals (SDGs). ASEAN Journal for
Science and Engineering in Materials, 5(1), 9-16.
[46] Wiyanarti, E., and Nurjannah, A.N. (2026). Influence of self-efficacy on affective learning
outcomes in social studies education toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs). ASEAN Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 4(1), 1-18.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045

Ergashev et al., Justification of Design Parameters for Efficient Operation of Submersible … | 424

[47] Ximenes, S.M. (2025). School feeding program and Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) in education: Linking food security to learning outcomes in Timor-Leste. ASEAN
Journal for Science Education, 4(2), 155-168.
[48] Xing, G., Chano, J., Thadanatthaphak, Y., and Wu, C.C. (2025). Physical adaptation of
college students in high-altitude training: Empirical findings and curriculum
development insights to support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ASEAN Journal
of Educational Research and Technology, 4(2), 215-236.
[49] Yu, X., Chano, J., and Wongsaphan, M. (2026). Enhancing occupational identity and selfefficacy through a self-education model in art and design education aligned with
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ASEAN Journal of Educational Research and
Technology, 4(1), 19-46.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v11i3.90251
p- ISSN 2528-1410 e- ISSN 2527-8045