Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics.
Literature, and Language Teaching Volume 6.
Number 2, pp: 309-316.
December 2022 e-ISSN: 2580-9962 | p-ISSN: 2580-8672 DOI: 10.
30743/ll.
TRANSLATING GANTANG TUMBA CULTURAL TERMS
IN KARONESE LANGUAGE INTO ENGLISH
Milisi Sembiring.
Martina Girsang Universitas Methodist Indonesia.
Medan.
Indonesia E-mail: milisi_sembiring@yahoo.
Received: 2022-09-23 Accepted: 2022-11-16 Published: 2022-12-29 Abstract This article aims to translate and analyze the cultural terms in Gantang Tumba texts of Karonese language into English.
The problem in translating the cultural terms in the source language into the target language is mostly related to culture, they are untranslatable.
Conceptual research is applied to get the data while translation and critical discourse analysis are used to analyze the data.
The researchers analyze all data and use NewmarkAos .
translation procedures to translate cultural terms in the Gantang Tumba texts into English.
The data are collected from participants of Gantang Tumba of wedding ceremonies in Tiga Binanga.
Karo regency.
The research results show that some of the cultural terms in the SL have no equivalences in the TL.
they are untranslatable.
Tukor, batang unjuken, rudang-rudang, perseninaan, gamber inget-inget, si ngalo bere- bere, si ngalo perbibin, si ngalo perkempun, si rembah ku lau, perkembaren, and ulu emas are cultural terms in the negotiation of gantang tumba text which have no equivalences in the TL.
Keywords: cultural terms.
gantang tumba.
Karonese language.
Introduction Gantang tumba is a cultural term used by anak beru, anak beru means Aowife takers, father's sisters' families, and groomAos lineageAo (Sembiring and Panggabean, 2018.
Sembiring, 2.
from the groomAos party and the brideAos party when negotiating dowry for marriage in the Karonese society.
The two anak beru have a dialogue to find common ground on the amount of dowry to be paid by the groomAos party to the brideAos party at the Ersukat emas Ersukat emas means a process of paying a dowry at a wedding party as a condition for the validity of a marriage.
The literal translation of ersukat emas is the gold Emas is used as an expensive symbol.
Gantang and tumba are measuring instruments for the scales of an object which in this case is used in wedding.
In the implementation of the gantang tumba process and the amount of dowry and the number of parts of the dowry differ from one region to another.
other regions, the number of gantang tumba and even the names of parts of the gantang tumba are different.
For example, in the Tiga Binanga sub-district known as singalor lau, the gantang tumba is different from the Orang julu.
Teroh deleng, and Langkat area.
The cultural terms are used in the implementation of the gantang tumba, both anak beru who regulate the confirmation of the gantang tumba process and the participants who must be present in the gantang tumba process.
The ngorati gantang tumba ceremony is https://jurnal.
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Milisi Sembiring.
Martina Girsang usually held in the afternoon and after the ceremony, guests are allowed to return to their respective homes.
The implementation of the gantang tumba process is carried out if there is an agreement between the groomAos party and the bride's party to continue the ceremony in the marriage.
The event that will be held is a traditional party and before the party, there is a gantang tumba argumentation so that there is a preparation from the groomAos party to prepare the amount of dowry and to which party the dowry will be delivered.
Ngorati gantang tumba is guided by anak beru singerana by both parties and assisted by another anak beru to record things needed for the implementation of the party to be held.
Anak beru on both sides are very polite in negotiating and maintaining the authority of their respective kalimbubu in the runggu ceremony.
They use a lot of Karonese cultural terms in the ngorati gantang tumba ceremony.
The process of dialogue at the ngorati gantang tumba ceremony is unique.
Cultural conversation agreements in asking about the amount of dowry at Karonese wedding ceremony needs to be maintained and preserved as very interesting local cultural assets.
The researchers are interested in translating cultural terms that exist at the ngorati gantang tumba ceremony from the Karonese language into English.
The researchers would like to reveal the culture that exists in the Karonese society in English so that it can be understood by researchers and observers of English-speaking people.
Besides, this article will contribute to the field of translation science, how to solve the problem of untranslatability in the source language (SL) to the target language (TL).
Some of the cultural terms in the SL have no equivalences in the TL, they are untranslatable.
The problem of untranslatability is mostly related to culture.
The researchers applied NewmarkAos .
and Molina & AlbirAos .
translation theories previously in translating cultural terms in Karonese society into English and found a familiar culture-bound term to develop NewmarkAos .
translation procedures (Sembiring and Panggabean, 2.
and to develop Molina & AlbirAos .
translation theories and found interdisciplinary translation technique.
Sembiring and Girsang .
explain that the starting point of the dialogue in the wedding ceremony uses textual themes, they are eak, oe, and payo.
They show that the communication in their dialogue during the wedding ceremony is communicative and polite.
Eak, oe, and payo in SL are well in TL, they are continuatives as the starting point to start or convert the dialogue (Sembiring, 2014.
Sembiring & Girsang 2.
According to Maitland, .
, the result of a translation product refers to the translator's subjectivity rather than the reality of the translation's object itself.
This study is to develop NewmarkAos .
translation procedures in translating Gantang Tumba texts in the wedding ceremony of Karonese society into English.
Ngorati Gantang Tumba Ngorati gantang tumba is a series of activities at the nganting manok ceremony.
Anak beru si sinereh is translated anak beru Aofrom the brideAos partyAo asking what kind of party would be held to anak beru si sempo.
There are three types of weddings in the Karonese society, namely the singuda, sintengah, and sintua parties.
The amount of the brideAos dowry is determined at the nganting manok ceremony hosted by the anak beru of both parties.
An agreement is obtained at the ngorati gantang tumba ceremony on how much marriage payment will be given to the bride's family, in preparation for submission at the wedding.
The type of party is reflected on the number of guests to be invited so that the groomAos parents know to prepare the consumption costs at the wedding.
The ceremony of ngorati gantang tumba in an area such as Singalorlau is https://jurnal.
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Literature, and Language Teaching Volume 6.
Number 2, pp: 309-316.
December 2022 e-ISSN: 2580-9962 | p-ISSN: 2580-8672 DOI: 10.
30743/ll.
different from other regions in both the amount distributed and the party receiving how much gold is to be given.
Requirements for Gantang Tumba Gantang tumba is confirmed at nganting manok ceremony.
The nganting manok ceremony is a series of maba belo selambar.
At the nganting manok ceremony, dinner must have been prepared because some families have attended the ceremony from distant At this ceremony.
Gantang tumba kalimbubu Aothe marriage payment for kalimbubuAo and pudun Aoon the day of the ceremony will be discussed and scheduled.
The empo's family has to bring dinner completed with chicken and corn flour.
nganting manok ceremony, anak beru of the bride's family and the groom's family facilitate their kalimbubu plan at the wedding.
The brideAos anak beru confirms the groomAos anak beru whether they have prepared the requirements for Gantang tumba.
Both anak beru at a nganting manok ceremony confirm the requirements for Gantang tumba and they continue to discuss the schedule of the wedding.
They propose the day of the wedding whether it will be scheduled the next day, next month, or after the harvesting season.
The type of wedding could be Kerna Belin Kitik Kerja Aototal number of relatives invited at the wedding (Sintua, sintengah.
Singud.
and the amount of dowry, bridegroomAos clothing, the bridegroomAos parentsAo clothing, sijalapen and penindih pudun are to be well discussed for the wedding of sintua.
All of their relatives are invited, for wedding of sintengah, or not all of their relatives are invited, and for wedding of singuda, only some of their relatives are invited.
Literature Review The meanings of the SL are transferred into the TL by using NewmarkAos 1988 translation procedures.
The use of NewmarkAos .
translation procedures is helpful to overcome the untranslatable in the SL.
Newmark proposed 18 translation procedures in the process of translation which covers.
Transference, b.
Naturalization, c.
Cultural equivalent.
Functional equivalent, e.
Descriptive equivalent, f.
Componential analysis, g.
Synonymy, h.
Through-translation, i Shifts or transpositions, j.
Modulation, k.
Recognized translation, l.
Compensation, m.
Paraphrase n.
Couplets, o.
Notes.
Translating Gantang tuma is a part of translating Karonese culture in a wedding into English.
The previous papers emphasized translating sijalapen, daliken si telu, translating tutur si waloh, translating culture-bound terms in wedding speech texts of Karonese society into English, and translating nure-nure texts.
Sembiring, .
did research on translating daliken si telu and he has the output of the article entitled AoTranslating Daliken si Telu Texts in Karonese Society into EnglishAo.
Daliken si telu or rakut si telu consists of kalimbubu, sembuyak, and anak beru in Karonese society.
Besides, the textual theme of maba belo selambar dialogue in the SL is translated into the TL by applying NewmarkAos .
translation methods and procedures.
He found literal and semantic translation methods and descriptive translation procedures were workable in translating the textual theme, of maba belo selambar dialogue in the SL into the TL.
Sembiring, .
explains that every Karonese is involved in rakut si telu.
It consists of three groups of kinship, they are kalimbubu, anak beru, and sembuyak.
One can be an anak beru, and he can be also a kalimbubu or a sembuyak in other families.
kinship can be achieved by the relation of blood or marriage.
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Milisi Sembiring.
Martina Girsang Research Method The study is done by applying Williams and ChestermanAos .
conceptual research to get the data and supported by translation analysis and critical discourse analysis.
The researchers applied NewmarkAos .
translation procedures to translate the data as the cultural terms in the Gantang tumba texts into English.
The data are collected from participant observation of Gantang tumba of wedding ceremonies in Tiga Binanga sub-district of Karo regency.
Karonese Language English Participant Observation at the Video Recording Data Collection Watching the Video Writing the transcript in Karonese Language The steps of the Translation Process Reading the notes of participant observation Produce the TL Identifying and Classifying gantang tumba Construct the TL Analyzing the SL Confirming proofreaders Translating the SL Revising the TL Revising the SL Transferring the SL into the TL Figure 1.
Research flow diagram Results and Discussions To start a dialogue at the Karonese wedding ceremony, the bride's anak beru and the groom's anak beru confirm the presence of sukut by asking if mama, mami, impal kami, nina turangku, sipemeren, siparibanen, sepengalon, sendalanendu had gathered on the mat that anak beru had prepared.
Sukut began to observe all the presence of their 'sangkep nggeluh' and said that they were all present.
Anak beru continued his question about whether perbibin, singalo bere bere, singalo perkempun had arrived.
While the groomAos anak beru only asked about the presence of sukut and kalimbubu singalo ulu emas.
Anak beru revealed the cultural terms in carrying out confirmation of the bride's family gantang tumba sukut which became the data analyzed in this paper and transferred the meanings from Karonese language to English.
Parts of gantang tumba in Karonese society as the data of analysis, were of eleven cultural terms as the central analysis of this paper.
The eleven cultural terms which wer found in ngorati gantang tumba were tukor, gantang tumba/batang unjuken, rudang rudang, perseninaan, gamber inget inget.
This gantang tumba was held in Tigabinanga sub-district.
Karo Recency.
North Sumatra.
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Number 2, pp: 309-316.
December 2022 e-ISSN: 2580-9962 | p-ISSN: 2580-8672 DOI: 10.
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Getting a share of the dowry was an honor for Karonese society in the wedding ceremony.
they were not shared as a part of the dowry which was their own, they would be SL : Tukor TL : A part of marriage payment for the brideAos natal group.
The researchers use the translation procedure of descriptive equivalent in translating Sample 1 into the TL.
SL : Batang unjuken TL : The dowry for sukut sinereh si mada dareh Aothe brideAos parents and their close The Sample 2 Batang unjuken was translated into the Aodowry for sukut sinereh si mada dareh Aothe brideAos parents and their close relatives.
The translation procedure of descriptive equivalent was used to explain Batang unjuken and its function.
The researchers explain Batang unjuken by adding the cultural terms of sukut sinereh si mada dareh to make sure the receivers of batang unjuken.
Sukut sinereh si mada dareh was translated with the host of the wedding.
SL : Rudang rudang TL : Rudang rudang is a part of dowry used as pengela ngela of the brideAos parent for senina sukut sinereh brideAos parentAos distant agnates.
Rudang rudang in the SL when translated literally meant flowers.
It is a cultural term as a part of the dowry delivered to sembuyak, sipemeren, siparibanen and sipengalon.
They referred to the brideAos parentAos close relatives.
The function of rudang rudang is a symbol of the togetherness of the bride's parents with their brothers as friends to talk with to run the wedding party well.
The researchers used the translation procedure of descriptive equivalent but it was not sufficient for the Sample 3 meaning in the TL.
The researchers should identify the recipients of Rudang rudang.
SL : Perseninaan TL : Senina ku ranan serves as a mediator between sukut and anak beru.
As seen in Sample 4, the stem of the word AoPerseninaanAo is senina which means brother, and the functions of a brother are helping each other and helping together.
The researchers translated Perseninaan by explaining and using a cultural term of the SL in the TL to get the close meaning of the SL in the TL.
Senina ku ranan is a person who receives a part of the dowry to mediate sukut and anak Senina ku ranan is the senina of sukut with different sub clan but within the same clan, for example, those who have a wedding are the Sembiring Pelawi, the senina ku ranan is the sub-clan of Sembiring.
One of them is Sembiring Brahmana.
Senina ku ranan will convey what anak beru wants to convey to Sukut and he will also answer anak beru's questions to Sukut.
A part of the dowry is given to the senina ku ranan which is called the perseninan.
SL : Gamber inget inget TL : A part of the dowry is given to the groom's anak beru tua and the brideAos anak beru https://jurnal.
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Martina Girsang Anak beru tua is also known as anak beru si ngerana, they usually manage the ceremonies in their kalimbubu.
Kalimbubu is known as wife givers who are classified as si ngalo Perbibin, si ngalo Perkempun, and si ngalo bere bere.
SL : Si ngalo bere bere TL : BrideAos motherAos brothers and brideAos grandmotherAos brothers.
As shown in Sample 6, the researchers used the translation procedure of descriptive The translators should question the clan of the bride's mother and the clan of the bride's grandmother.
Their brothers are called si ngalo bere bere, the clan of the bride's mother and the clan of the bride's grandmother may be different, and a part of the dowry is given to singalo bere bere, they are the clan of the brideAos motherAos and the clan of the brideAos grandmother.
According to Singarimbun .
, si ngalo bere bere are the bride's mother's natal lineage, i.
e the brideAos fatherAos kalimbubu by marriage, brideAos father motherAos natal lineage, e her fatherAos kalimbubu by birth, rideAos fatherAos Aofour kalimbubuAo.
SL : Si ngalo Perbibin TL : Perbibin, married women who have the same clan as the brideAos mother Singarimbun, .
translates perbibin into married sisters of the brideAos mother, the researchers think it will have problems if the bride's mother has no sister.
Who will receive a part of the dowry called perbibin, therefore it will be represented by married women who have the same clan as the brideAos mother.
SL : Si ngalo perkempun TL : A part of dowry which is received by the bride's mother's motherAos brothers or kalimbubu of kalimbubu.
The bride's mother's motherAos brothers mean the bride's grandmother and they have different clans.
Bride's grandmother's brothers are called si ngalo perkempun.
There are five clans in Karonese society they are Perangin Angin.
Ginting.
Tarigan.
Karo Karo and Sembiring and every si ngalo perkempun has different clans in different The translators should be familiar with the clans of si ngalo perkempun and the manner of giving a dowry should be polite and have a discussion between sukut and puang The manner of having dialogue to give a dowry and the amount of it should be discussed to get a compromise.
In Sample 8, the researchers found a contribution to the field of translation, that is translation manner of deliberation.
The translators as the researchers should discuss the classification and the functions of the cultural terms in gantang tumba texts in the process of translation.
SL : Si rembah ku lau TL : The brideAos fatherAos sisters, their clans are the same as the brideAos fatherAos clan.
rembah ku lau is addressed to the brideAos fatherAos sistersAo sonsAo wives.
For example, if the bride's father is Ginting, it is called si beru Gintingken.
Si rembah ku lau in the SL is discussed what is brideAos fatherAos clan and his sisters are si rembah ku lau and his sistersAo sonsAo wives are also called si rembah ku lau.
If si rembah ku lau is translated literally it means the women who bathe the bride in a river when she is a https://jurnal.
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Literature, and Language Teaching Volume 6.
Number 2, pp: 309-316.
December 2022 e-ISSN: 2580-9962 | p-ISSN: 2580-8672 DOI: 10.
30743/ll.
baby daughter.
Even though the brideAos fatherAos sistersAo sonsAo wives are not Ginting clans, they should state that their clans are Ginting in Ginting family.
The researchers used the translation manner of deliberation in translating Sample 9, into the TL.
SL : Perkembaren TL : A part of drowy is given to anak beru Aowife takerAo.
there are four kinds of anak beru, they are anak beru tua, anak beru menteri, anak beru singikuri, and anak beru cekoh Anak beru tua, anak beru menteri, anak beru singikuri, and anak beru cekoh baka in the SL are not translated into the TL.
To know who is the groom's anak beru and their clans, the translators should discuss them with the bridegroomAos parents.
SL : Ulu emas TL : Ulu emas is part of the dowry given to the groom's mother's brothers, known as kalimbubu by birth.
Ulu emas consists of the groomAos motherAos brothers, the groomAos fatherAos motherAos brothers and the groomAos grandmotherAos brothers.
They are known as kalimbubu by birth.
The researchers used the translation procedure of descriptive equivalent in translating Sample 11 into the TL.
Ulu emas is a cultural term in the SL, if it is translated literally, it will be a gold source.
According to Sembiring, .
kalimbubu in the SL means the wifeAos brothers, the motherAos brothers, or the grandmotherAos brothers.
Their surnames are the same as the wife, the mother, or the grandmother's surnames.
The term kalimbubu which has a broad meaning is not found in the TL, kalimbubu is adapted as Aowife giver' in a target language.
There are many differences, both from one area to another and from one clan to another in the implementation of the gantang tumba.
On the one hand, there is a positive value because people can adapt to new situations that they face, but on the other hand, this kind of atmosphere becomes a topic of discussion in the family.
For the first data, descriptive equivalence was applied.
Newmark's descriptive equivalent translation procedure makes sense to explain the meaning of cultural terms in a few words in TL.
Conclusion After analyzing the cultural terms of Gantang Tumba texts in Karonese society and writing them in English, the researchers find that there are eleven cultural terms in the SL.
They are tukor, batang unjuken, rudang-rudang, perseninaan, gamber inget-inget, si ngalo bere- bere .
si ngalo perbibin, si ngalo perkempun, si rembah ku lau, perkembaren, ulu emas, which have no equivalences in the TL.
The researchers propose to use a translation manner of deliberation.
The use of cultural terms by the anak beru makes their communication more interesting, ethical, and polite.
The researchers as translators apply translation procedures and are supported by critical discourse analysis to achieve an understanding of the meanings in the TL.
Therefore, the researchers as translators must describe and explain cultural terms of the SL in the TL to capture the meanings of the SL.
The results show that literal and descriptive translation procedures are applied to transfer the messages of the SL into the TL.
This work contributes to a translation manner of deliberation to solve the untranslatable.
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Milisi Sembiring.
Martina Girsang Acknowledgments We would like to thank the Directorate General of Research and Development.
Ministry of Research.
Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia which had supported this work financially with the research grant number 057/LL1/LT/K/2022 455/N/LPPM-UMI/2022.
References