Bantara Journal of Animal Science Vol.
No.
October 2021 p ISSN : 2656-9701 e ISSN : 2657-1587 In Vitro Digesting Measurement of Cassava Leaves Using Gizzard Fluid and Chicken Duodenum Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono1.
Engkus Ainul Yakin2.
Mohammad Affan Azizy Hasibuan3.
1,2,3
Program Study of Animal Husbandry.
Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Corresponding author :alimursyid64@gmail.
Abstract Cassava leaves are an alternative feed material that can be a feed material with sufficient protein content.
The study aimed to determine the effect of gizzard and duodenal fluids on in vitro digesting measurements of cassava leaves.
The study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) unidirectional pattern.
Variance Analysis (ANOVA) with Duncan's Multiple Range Terst (DMRT) follow-up test using the SPSS application.
The study used 4 treatments and 3 repeats: P0: No digestive fluids .
P1: Gizzard fluid.
P2: Duodenal fluid.
P3: A mixture of gizzard and duodenal fluids.
The observed variables are the Dry Material Digest Coefficient (KCBK), the Organic Material Digest Coefficient (KCBO), and the Dissolved Protein Digest Coefficient (KCPT).
The results of the study that the use of gizzard fluid in in vitro digestion measurements was better in increasing the value of in vitro digestant of cassava leaves.
The use of gizzard fluid can increase the digestibility coefficient of organic matter (KCBO) by 21.
2160% and the dissolved protein digest coefficient (KCPT) by 50.
Keyword: cassava leaves, duodenal fluid.
Liquid gizzard Introduction One of the factors that determine the success of cultivation efforts is feed.
Commercial feed can cost about 60-70% of the total production cost (Hadadi et al.
, 2.
Protein content is something that must be considered in the selection of feed materials.
The quality of poultry feed is seen from its protein content, if the higher and complete the protein then the better the feed (Sugiyono et al.
, 2.
Protein is a very important nutrient for poultry provided through feed.
Therefore, it takes feed ingredients that have a high protein source to meet the needs of these nutrients.
In general, poultry ration protein is met from animal proteins .
ish meal, blood meal etc.
and vegetable protein .
eanut bungkil, soybean bungkil etc.
) which is relatively Alternative feed ingredients that can be feed ingredients with sufficient protein content are cassava leaves.
Cassava leaves (Manihot utilissim.
are plants that are often found in plantation areas or village environments.
Cassava is easy to grow in the deep and even cassava leaves are also used as foodstuffs.
However, cassava after harvesting leaves a lot of unused cassava leaf waste so that it can be used as feed material for poultry.
Cassava leaf protein content ranges from 25 - 28% (Sukarman, 2.
The content of toxic compounds Bantara Journal of Animal Science Vol.
No.
October 2021 p ISSN : 2656-9701 e ISSN : 2657-1587 in the form of cyanide contained in the leaves and skin of cassava is a problem that limits the use of this raw material as a substitute for poultry feed (Stephanie et al.
, 2.
The study aimed to determine the effect of gizzard and duodenal fluids on in vitro digesting measurements of cassava leaves.
Materials and Methods This research was conducted in February - May 2021 at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture.
Veteran University Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo.
The tools used are plastic, spoon, label paper, measuring pipette, test tube, filter paper.
Erlenmeyer, vortex, water bath, blender, centrifuge, scales.
The materials used are young cassava leaves, gizzard fluid and chicken broiler duodenum fluid.
HCl solution 0.
1 N and NaHCO3 1 M, aquades solution.
Research methods The study used a complete randomized design (RAL) of unidirectional patterns with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions each, so there were 15 units of treatment.
The details of the treatment are as follows:
P0: Without digestive fluids .
P1: Gizzard fluid P2: Duodenal fluid P3: Mixture of gizzard and duodenal fluids In Vitro Digesting Measurement Procedure Procedure P0 g cassava leaf flour is put in 30ml solution HCl 0.
1 N and incluted for 45 minutes.
Add a solution of NaHCO3 1 M as much as 10 ml and inc inclution for 120 minutes.
Filter the solution with a filter paper that has been weighed and the filter results are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 105EE and then weighed.
Procedure P1 3g cassava leaf flour is put into 30 ml of HCL solution 0.
1 N gizzard liquid .
rom the extraction of 1 piece of gizzar.
and incubated for 45 minutes at a temperature of 40EE.
Add 10 ml of NaHCO3 1M then incubated for 120 minutes.
Filter the solution with a filter paper that has been weighed and the filter results are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 105EE and then weighed.
Procedure P2 3g cassava leaf flour is put into 30 ml of HCl solution of 0.
1 N duodenal fluid .
rom the extraction of 1 duodenu.
and incubated for 45 minutes at a temperature of 40EE.
Add a solution of NaHCO3 1 M as much as 10 ml and incubated for 120 minutes.
Filter the solution with a filter paper that has been weighed, and the filter results are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 105EE and then weighed.
Bantara Journal of Animal Science Vol.
No.
October 2021 p ISSN : 2656-9701 e ISSN : 2657-1587 Procedure P3 3g cassava leaf flour is put into 30 ml of HCl solution 0.
1 N gizzard fluid .
rom extraction of 1 gizzar.
duodenal fluid .
rom extraction of 1 duodenu.
and incubated Add 10 ml of NaHCO3 1M then incubated for 120 minutes at a temperature of 40EE.
Filter the solution with a filter paper that has been weighed, and the filter results are dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 105EE and then weighed.
Research Variables The variables observed in this study are the Dry Material Digestibility.
Organic Material Digestibility, and Crude Protein Digestibility using cassava leaf raw materials.
Dry matter digestability BK sampel-BK residu
KCBK =
x 100% BK sampel Information:
KCBK = Dry material digest coefficient (%) BK sample = Dry weight of the sample .
BK residue = Dry weight residue .
Organic matter digestibility (BOS x KBOS)-(BOR x KBOR) KCBO = x 100% BOS x KBOS Information:
KCBO = Digest coefficient of organic matter (%) BOS = Sample weight .
KBOS = Sample organic material content (%) BOR = Residual weight .
KBOR = Levels of organic residues (%) Crude protein digestability (BOS x KPTS)-(BOR x KPTR
KCPT =
x 100% (PTS X KPTS) Information:
KCPT = Dissolved protein digest coefficient (%) BOS = Sample weight .
KPTS = Sample dissolved protein levels (%) BOR = Residual weight .
KPTR = Residual dissolved protein levels (%) Data Analysis The study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) unidirectional pattern.
Variance Analysis (ANOVA) with Duncan's Multiple Range Terst (DMRT) follow-up test using the SPSS application.
Bantara Journal of Animal Science Vol.
No.
October 2021 p ISSN : 2656-9701 e ISSN : 2657-1587 Results and Discussions Dry matter digestability The digestibility of dry ingredients is part of the dry material in the feed digested by animals at a certain level of feed consumption The digestibility of dry ingredients is measured with the aim of knowing the amount of food substances absorbed by the body that is done by analyzing the amount of dry ingredients, both in rations and in feces.
Here are the results of KCBK measurements on cassava leaves using gizzard fluid and chicken Tabel 1.
Average digest coefficient of dry material cassava leaves.
Replication Average Treatment
P0 (%)
P1 (%)
P2 (%)
P3 (%)
P0: Without digestive fluids .
P1: Gizzard fluid P2: Duodenal fluid P3: Mixture of gizzard and duodenal fluids on the line shows significant differences (P<0,.
On Table 1.
P1 .
izzard fluid administratio.
tends to increase the value of dry matter digestibility even though it is statistically insignificant.
The use of duodenal fluid (P.
and the mixture of gizzard fluid with duodenum (P.
has no noticeable effect in improving dry digesting when compared to P0.
This is because, the digestive system in poultry has limitations in digesting coarse Feed material with a high coarse fiber bladder can affect the digestive process in the digestive organs.
Organs will work harder in the digestive process if the content of coarse fiber above tolerance.
Because poultry does not have the enzyme selulase to digest coarse fibers.
For broilers, the recommended rough fiber content is a maximum of 5% in rations (Sutrisna, 2.
While the content of coarse fiber found in cassava leaves is Organic matter digestibility The digestability of organic matter in the feed can determine the quality of the feed.
Organic materials can produce energy that has an effect on growth and development in livestock (Dinata et al.
, 2.
Organic matter is an ingredient that produces energy and heat when digested, consisting of carbohydrates, proteins and fats (Saha et al.
, 2.
Some factors that affect the digestability of organic matter is the content of coarse fiber and mineral feed material.
The digestability of organic matter is closely related to the digesting of dry materials, because dry materials consist of organic and inorganic Bantara Journal of Animal Science Vol.
No.
October 2021 p ISSN : 2656-9701 e ISSN : 2657-1587 Here are the results of KCBO measurements on cassava leaves using gizzard fluid and chicken duodenum.
Tabel 2.
Average digest coefficient of organic material cassava leaves.
Treatment
Replication P0 (%) P1 (%) P2 (%) P3 (%) 436AE
405AEAN
Average P0: Without digestive fluids .
P1: Gizzard fluid P2: Duodenal fluid P3: Mixture of gizzard and duodenal fluids on the line shows significant differences (P<0,.
On table 2.
P1 .
has a noticeable effect in increasing organic matter digestibility values, but is not real different from P3 .
mixture of gizzard and duodenu.
The administration of a mixture of gizzard and duodenum cannot increase the value of organic matter digestibility.
The increase in the value of organic matter digestibility due to the role of enzymes in proventriculus in digesting still affects the gizzard which is the channel after.
This shows that the increasing value of dry matter digestibility.
also has an effect on organic matter digestibility.
Organic matter is part of dry materials, so if dry material increases it will increase organic matter, and vice versa (Fathul et al.
, 2.
Crude protein digestability A dissolved protein is an oligopeptide or amino acid that can be easily absorbed by the digestive system, while a total protein is a measurement of the nitrogen content (N) in the sample (Purwoko, 2.
Here are the results of crude protein digestibility measurements on cassava leaves using gizzard fluid and chicken duodenum.
Tabel 3.
Average digest coefficient of dissolved proteins of cassava leaves.
Treatment Replication P0 (%) P1 (%) P2 (%) P3 (%) 303AN Average P0: Without digestive fluids .
P1: Gizzard fluid P2: Duodenal fluid P3: Mixture of gizzard and duodenal fluids on the line shows significant differences (P<0,.
Bantara Journal of Animal Science Vol.
No.
October 2021 p ISSN : 2656-9701 e ISSN : 2657-1587 On table 3.
It concludes that the crude protein digestibility value may increase at P1 .
In the use of duodenum and gizzard and duodenal mixtures, crude protein digestibility values decrease significantly, so it can be stated P2 and P3 cannot increase crude protein digestibility values.
The increasing value of crude protein digestibility in P1 .
is due to proventiculus .
igestive tract before gizzar.
producing pepsin enzymes that aid protein Then continue to the gizzard, in the gizzard takes place the elastic i.
mechanically digested food.
In this case it is concluded that in the gizzard is a continuation of the results of protein digestion that occurs in proventiculus, so in gizzard there may still be pepsin enzymes that digest proteins and increase the value of crude protein Conclusion Research concluded that the use of gizzard fluid is better at improving the digestability in vitro of cassava leaves.
The use of gizzard fluid can increase the organic matter digestibility by 21.
2160% and crude protein digestibility by 50.
Reference