International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS) Vol.
No.
1, 2024: 43-50
Comparative study of presidential elections 2017 and 2022 in Timor-Leste Francisco Siquera Martins1*.
Rui da Cruz2.
Leonito M.
Martins3 UNPAZ University Corresponding Author: Francisco Siquera Martins Email:franciscosequeira670@gmail.
ARTICLEINFO
ABSTRACT
Keywords: The 2017 & 2022 Presidential Elections.
TimorLeste A comparative study is an activity that aims to increase the knowledge and knowledge that will be applied in the future to improve.
This type of activity is particularly good for the performance of the organisation, the 2017 President's election has shown something different from the perception and doubts that have previously emerged in the public about peace and stability.
In the 2022 President's election, the Timorese has determined who is the President of the country for the next five The problem identified by this research is that the 2017 President of the Republic's elections have shown a different from the precepts and doubts that have previously emerged in the public about the peace and stability of the 2017 President's elections (CNE) and (STAE) - which have a general supervision mandate and implement this competence respectively, transmit confidence in their management capacity and offer a good and inclusive elections.
Many of the voters came to vote and were able to exercise their right to vote in secret, free from any interference and in a calm environment Received : 5 December Revised : 15 December Accepted: 20 January A2024 Martins.
Cruz.
Martins:
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Atribusi 4.
0 Internasional.
DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
55927/ijcs.
( https://journal.
org/index.
php/cjas Martins.
Cruz.
Martins INTRODUCTION A comparative study is an activity that aims to increase the knowledge and knowledge that will be applied in the future to improve.
Such activities are particularly good for the performance of the organisation.
It is necessary to know the importance of comparative studies, not only for students, educational practises, but also for entrepreneurs.
Before implementing this activity, it is necessary to first know the essence of comparative studies in general, comparative study activities including the concept as an activity to review and evaluate an object or another place with itself.
Comparative studies can also be interpreted as research on something.
For example, for infrastructure to compare infrastructure in our own country and to compare it with other countries.
Elections are a mechanism for peaceful transfer of political power.
The legitimacy of the power of a particular person or political party is not obtained through violence.
However, the victory occurred because the majority of the people's votes were obtained through a fair election.
Democracy provides space for individual freedom.
The election in this context means that conflicts that occur during the electoral process can be resolved through democratic institutions.
Election is the implementation of popular sovereignty in the hands of the people.
This is because the sovereign people cannot rule directly.
With elections, the people can determine their representatives.
The elected representatives will also determine who will hold the government.
Elections as a means to train political representatives By means of elections, people can choose representatives who believe they can channel their aspirations and interests.
The higher the quality of the election, the higher the quality of the representatives who can be elected in the institutions of the people's representatives.
However, if the people do not trust it, the government must end and change it.
The 20 March 2017 presidential elections were the first to be organised by the East Timorese after the elections before 2012, 2007, 2002 and 2001 which were supported by the United Nations and other international organisations.
A great progress in the 2017 General Election, the 2017 President's election has shown a difference from the precept and doubts that have previously emerged in the public about peace and stability.
It has been proven that the success and maturity of the Timorese people in the election is in a free and democratic environment and that they have been elected as President of the Republic for the period 2017 - 2022.
There have been many amendments to the electoral law, including amendments during the current electoral period.
The introduction of late amendments to the electoral law has led to uncertainty and reduced confidence in the legal framework.
Avoiding changes to the electoral legal framework in the immediate period before the election day would constitute good legislative International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS) Vol.
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practise and would be an important guard saver as it could help to ensure legal stability and forecast.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Filippe C.
Schmtter daun Democracy is an alternative system that organizes society and state activities.
Almost all countries say that it is a country that prioritizes the people.
Almost all countries have a democratic system Abraham.
The presentation of independence in 1776 to Andrei The word democracy itself comes from the Greek language, demo means human beings, and the Greek or Greek means power or sovereignty.
In language, democracy is the system of government in the hands of the people, the absolute power in joint decisions of the people, the people of power, the people of the people, and the Arabi Sanit Partai, a member of democracy.
(Pustaka Pelajar, 1.
Election activities are political activities One that attracts community attention and involvement until elections become a very important moment for political education to mature for the citizen.
Elections teach people to engage in political decision-making by voting for political parties.
Elections are very important activities in the democratic process to form a democratic government.
The functions, elections are the legitimacy of the governor and government, the training of political representatives of the people, the circulation of government elites, and political education.
Ali Moertopo Pelpres 2019 found that the political phenomenon was identified, as it was a double concept of experientialism, the election as a means by which the people can exercise their sovereignty in accordance with the principles set out in the Preamble.
Prihatmoko .
3: .
the election has three objectives in its implementation with three objectives, namely: As a mechanism to choose government leadership and government leadership and public policy alternatives.
Elections are the transfer of conflicts of interest from society to the representative bodies of the people through representatives or elected parties who win the seat in order to ensure community integration.
The elections are a means of mobilising, or supporting the State and mobilising the support of the people to the State and the government to participate in the political process.
What is the difference between the 2017 presidential elections and the 2022 presidential elections? How is the preparation of the electoral bodies brought to the 2017 and 2022 presidential elections? What is the percentage of community participation in the 2017 and 2022 elections? Martins.
Cruz.
Martins Figure 1.
Conceptual Framework (Presidential Election 2017 and 2.
METHODOLOGY In this research methodology the writer uses qualitative research methods.
According to Afifuddin .
9: .
the qualitative research method is a research method that is used to research the condition of the object, the writer is the instrument, the data collection technique is triangulation, data analysis is inductively and the results of qualitative research are run more generally.
History and Research Objects In this section the writer only wanted to inform the subject and the object used by the writer in this research was the National Director for Municipal Coordination RAEOA.
Research History Subject or population means that generally .
ll or al.
includes all objects and subjects in which there are characteristics and qualities determined by the researcher to carry out the study and remove the results of the research, (Sugiyono, 2012: In this research the writer determined the entity, namely the National Director and as an informant to the researcher, collected data or information about the 2017 and 2022 President's Election Study process in TimorLeste.
Table 1.
Infromant National Direction DN - CMREEJ / Municipal Coordination RAEOA Electoral Education and Legal Affairs.
Head of Department of Municipal Coordination / RAEOA electoral planning.
Head of Department of Training.
Number of Informant International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS) Vol.
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Data Analysis Data analysis techniques in this qualitative research are carried out or carried out after going down the research, both during the research and after the To explain in more detail the types of data analysis techniques in a mastery of the name Sugiyono .
4: .
, it is stated that data analysis means that the process of setting up the results of interviews systematically and RESEARCH RESULT Based on the research results, the staff working at the STAE Institute have .
National Director .
The Head of the Department .
also included the responsible section.
and the total number of permanent staff in 13 Municipalities and RAEOA is .
consisting of women .
and men .
and the total number of cash staff in 13 Municipalities and RAEOA is .
Presentation of Research Data Based on the research conducted by the writer in accordance with the research plan the research plan related to the purpose of the research was to conduct interviews with the sources according to the 2017 and 2022 President's election comparative studies in Timor-Leste as follows.
How STAE's Preparation Was Made Against the 2017 and 2022 Presidential Elections The STAE met with the Director of Administrative Decentralisation and 13 Municipal Directors and RAEOA to divide the preparation of the presidential elections, in addition the STAE also started to update the data base and electoral review and prepare resources to socialise the community about the election process as well as prepare the trainer to provide training as well as STAE support staff, especially the Brigand, and the electoral officer to better improve the field (DN - CMREEJ) National Director of Municipal Coordination RAEOA Education Electoral Training and Legal.
11 September 2023, 10: .
How Does the Electoral System in This Country Work The Head of State is the President of the Republic, elected with direct and universal support, with a term of office of five years.
The President of the Republic shall be the guarantee of the Constitution, the unity of the State and the regular functioning of the Democratic Institutions, of the right to promulgate the legislative diploma approved by the Government or of the National Parliament, and of the right to exercise the right to exercise.
What is the Purpose of This Presidential Election Choosing the Head of State: The most fundamental objective of the presidential election is to select the head of state for the country.
The President is often a high-level official in the government and serves as a symbolic leader and a ceremony of the country.
Martins.
Cruz.
Martins Who Has the Right to Vote in The Election The right to vote in elections is usually determined by the laws and regulations of each country.
The accessibility of voting can vary significantly from one country to another.
DISCUSSION
Regarding the results of the data conducted by the researchers over a month In the Office of the Technical Secretary of electoral Administration.
STAE in Caicoli Dili follows the writer's topic on the 2017 and 2022.
The election was the entire election process.
STAE has already conducted the target groups' education programmes including persons with disabilities but does not specifically provide persons with disabilities because there is no data available, as well as STAE does not have a database for persons with disabilities.
The main focus in the 2022 presidential elections were registered by the voters.
The Timorese who reached a majority .
and made part of the electoral chain eligible for voting.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Elections are a democratic process used by people to choose their leaders and decide on the policy of the country.
This is a formal process that is carried out at the national, regional, or local levels depending on the political context and structure of the state.
Elections may select leaders for levels of government, parliament, president, and other positions that are important to the government or state structure.
The factors that hinder the election process are Electoral fraud: electoral fraud includes activities such as illegal voting, falsification of electoral documents, and Electoral fraud can cause elections to be unfair and unfree.
Electoral Intimidation: The electoral intimidation includes a fiscal attack, threat, and violence to remove people from the election.
Intimidating can love democracy and release people's right to vote.
Media Manipulation: The use of media with a tendency for candidates or parties can manipulate public opinion and influence votes.
Illegal electoral financing: illegal funding or a source of electoral funding that is not legal can influence policies and make candidates dependent on donors.
Adekwal legislation: In the country to be elected, there must be clear, fair, and transparent electoral legislation.
This legislation should establish the principles for the electoral process, including the registration of the electoral person, the electoral campaign, and the voting count.
International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS) Vol.
No.
1, 2024: 43-50
Independent electoral bodies: There are independent electoral bodies that manage and supervise elections.
These bodies should operate in a fair and free form of political influence.
Effective electoral registration: The electoral registration process should be effective and accessible to ensure that all those who have to vote have the opportunity to register their names.
Security and stability: Security and stability should be ensure during the electoral process.
This includes preventing electoral violence, conflicts, and ensuring that voters can vote in a safe environment.
Fair and Free campaign: During the election campaign, it should be guaranteed that candidates can promote their candidates fairly and freely.
Regulations should set limits for campaign spending and strategies for International follow-up: International follow-up, such as observational missions, can help ensure transparency and justice in elections.
Transgender Results: The election results should be presented transparently and generated.
In the modern electoral system, the results can be published in real time.
Active Community Participation: The local community must actively participate in the electoral process, including the observation of elections and public education about their rights and responsibilities.
ADVANCED RESEARCH
It is necessary to continue conducting research on community character and participation in the presidential election process.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT