The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 The Translation of Wali/ Auliya in English Al-Quran: Comparative Study on Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan Doamad Tastier1 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Manajemen Bisnis Indonesia (STIE MBI).
Depok .
ahmad@gmail.
Abstract Polysemy has problematic issues in linguistics since one word can have many meanings.
depends on the context of many things, moreover in translation.
The accuracy of choosing the equivalence in the target language is much more difficult.
This research is an attempt to analyze two translation works.
The first work is The Holy QurAoan with English Translation and Commentaries by Yusuf Ali, and the second is Interpretation of The Meanings of Noble QurAoan: A Summarized Version of at-Tabari, al-Qurtubi and Ibn Kathir with Comments from Sahih al-Bukhari by Muhsin Khan and Taqiudin Al Hilali.
This research is qualitative.
This research finds that the word wali/auliya and its derivations are translated in various ways.
In some places, they are translated into the exact words, and in another, they are translated differently.
However.
Muhsin Khan and Hilali mostly translate this word into the same word, wali/auliya, with the explanation following in this research.
Keywords: Polysemy, wali/auliya, translation.
Abstrak Polisemi merupakan isu masalah dalam linguistik karena satu kata dapat memiliki banyak Itu tergantung pada konteks banyak hal, apalagi dalam terjemahan.
Keakuratan memilih kesetaraan dalam bahasa target jauh lebih sulit.
Penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk menganalisis dua karya terjemahan.
Karya pertama adalah AoThe Holy Qur'an with English Translation and CommentariesAo oleh Yusuf Ali, dan yang kedua adalah AoInterpretation of The Meanings of Noble Qur'an: A Summarized Version of at-Tabari, al-Qurtubi and Ibn Kathir with Comments from Sahih al-BukhariAo karya Muhsin Khan dan Taqiudin Al Hilali.
Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif.
Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kata wali/auliya dan turunannya diterjemahkan dengan berbagai cara.
Di beberapa tempat, mereka diterjemahkan ke dalam kata-kata yang tepat, dan di tempat lain, mereka diterjemahkan secara berbeda.
Namun.
Muhsin Khan dan Hilali kebanyakan menerjemahkan kata ini ke dalam kata yang sama, wali/auliya, dengan penjelasan berikut dalam tanda kurung.
Kata Kunci: Polisemi.
Wali/Auliya.
Terjemahan Introduction Language is a means of message transmission.
Language is part of symbol systems that contain specific meanings from the messenger.
The messages in human thought then transform The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 into words so that the receivers of the Message can comprehend the idea.
Thus, proper diction is vital to make good communication.
It consequently determines whether the messages are wellunderstood by the receiver.
Linguistic studies are divided to be some major fields, namely phonology .
he study of the sound pattern of languag.
, morphology .
he study of the pattern of word.
, syntax .
he study of sentences patter.
, pragmatics .
he study of language in us.
, semantic .
he study of meanin.
As mentioned above, linguists define semantics as the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences (Yule, 2008: .
The semantic analysis attempt to explain word meaning conventionally in common sense.
Uttering is an action of delivering meaning, so semantics becomes a critical part of the message delivery process.
Uttering, which has no meaning or has bizarre meaning, will hinder healthy communication.
A translation is one way that the Message from one language can be assessable by another language native.
According to Newmark .
8: .
, translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.
This definition implies that the author intended the text.
Newmark focuses on the author's intention of the source language or original text, which is the core determination of translation activity.
He added that the translation is only a bridge to link the author thought to a receiver of the Message in the form of translation in the target language.
It comes to a fact that language is a cultural product of a community.
The structure of the culture of language speakers influences sound, structure, and meaning.
The number of words, sound patterns, and language structure of each language have diversities that can be small and, in some cases, huge.
A language is a representative form of culture.
One same word, even though the same in form, sound, and class of words, may mean different in another language.
In translation, one word in a specific language may not have equivalence in another language.
In this case, the translator should find an equivalence to render this word in the target language.
Al Quran, the holy Scripture of Muslims, which is embraced by almost 2,2 billion people or about 18 % of the world population, is the Scripture that most read and printed.
Muslims from throughout the world speak various languages assist to be translated into various languages as well as be understood.
It is originally Arabic.
The translation process hopefully represents it as accurately as possible, like its source language.
It may not be achieved 100%.
Nurcholis Madjid, a prominent Indonesian Muslim scholar, stated that a translation could not represent the source Further, he said that the factors of impossibility are, first, the richness of the source language and target language.
It implies the hardness of translating in this case: the second, the The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 poetic side and divinity of the translated Scripture.
The translation will reduce the pure meaning of language scripture (Budy, 2012: 3.
Some English translations of Al Quran popularly spread out are The Holy QurAoan with English Translation and Commentaries by Yusuf Ali and Interpretation of The Meanings of Noble QurAoan: A Summarized Version of at-Tabari, al-Qurtubi and Ibn Kathir with Comments from Sahih al-Bukhari by Muhsin Khan and Taqiudin Al Hilali.
The former is acknowledged by Madjid as the best translation Even though the translator himself admitted that this translation might be influenced by the interpretation of many scholars who are different from one another, he should choose which is relevant according to his views.
He honestly states this in his introduction (Ali, 1.
In addition.
Ali added a footnote in several places that he considered necessary.
The title describes the latter as an interpretation regarding Madjid and AliAos opinion that pure Al Quran translation would not be achieved.
The achievable one is only translating by interpreting or containing an explanation from the translator or referring to the exegesis book.
This translation of the Al Quran presents many footnotes as verse exegesis.
However, those two Quran translations still present the source language in Arabic and the target language in English.
Thus, both are translation books that can be researched in the linguistic aspect.
One complicated problem in translating is in the semantic field, specifically Polysemy.
Polysemy is one word that varies in related possible meaning.
So comprehending Polysemy should consider many things.
The error in comprehending utterance comprehensively will cause the fatality of translation result of polysemy words.
Based on the background above, the writer would like to understand how the words wali/ auliya are translated into the Al Quran in English by Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan.
Semantic is one branch of linguistic study that discusses meaning.
Yule .
defines semantics as studying word, phrase, and sentence meanings.
The meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence can be viewed through its structure and its relation to others.
Griffith .
6: .
has the same idea as Yule.
He states that meaning has conceptual meaning.
It is the word's meaning in the dictionary or the base meaning of the word.
The second is associative meaning.
It is a word meaning related to a specific experience and word use in a particular context.
One exciting discussion in semantics is Polysemy.
Polysemy is a word that has many meanings (Yule, 2006: .
Kroeger, 2018: .
Polysemy makes ambiguity if we carelessly ignore its structure and context in the sentence.
In many cases.
Polysemy can be a joke, but in other cases.
Polysemy can cause serious debate.
In the religious law system of Islam, for instance, the word quruAo is Polysemy which has the consequence of different law conclusions in determining the iddah The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 of Muslim woman.
Therefore Polysemy has many possible meanings.
it will impact translation work and how a translator chooses the equivalence from the source language to the target language.
The work of translation is a medium that bridge the intended Message from the source language to the target language.
It should be as accurate as possible that the target language's chosen diction represents the source language's intended meaning.
Newmark .
8: .
stated translation as transferring one language to another under the source language writer's intention.
Further.
Larson .
4: .
focused on transferring meaning from the source language to the target Some research conducted by the previous writer on this topic is the research by Abo Baker Ali et al.
entitled Transferring Polysemic Words from Arabic into English: A Comparative Study of Some Samples from Holy Quran.
This research uses three samples of English translation works.
They are Yusuf Ali.
Arbery, and Abdul HalimAos works.
This research finds that there is some literal translation, so the translation results are considered not equivalent to the source language.
This research shows that translators are not aware of the polysemy phenomenon from translated words.
Another research on this topic is conducted by Ismyati Nur Azizah .
she describes a comparative study of two works by Hamka dan Shihab.
The findings are some words wali/auliya in several verses are translated the same both by Hamka and Shihab.
Yet, in some verses, they are translated differently.
The first research does not take wali/auliya as research samples.
Even though this research takes.
English translation works as the study.
The second research takes the word wali/ auliya as a research sample.
Unfortunately, this does not take English translation work as the study.
Therefore, the writer is trying to fill the gap of the conducted research above by choosing the words wali/ auliya as research data samples in English translation works.
Method This research is descriptive qualitative research of document study.
This kind of research attempts to obtain an explanation of the research problem deeply based on collected data.
Qualitative research explores phenomena, behavior, motivation, perception, and so forth.
This research is an attempt to describe a phenomenon in a specific context.
Data used are from the translation of the Al Quran, which contains the word wali/ auliya.
Data used in this research are primary and secondary data.
Primary data are obtained directly from the main objects being studied.
This research contains verses that contain the word wali/ auliya in the translation of the Al Quran by Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan.
The secondary resource is data obtained from other sources related to the study, such as books, journals, and so The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 The object of this research is two translation documents.
Thus, the technic of data collection used is document study by choosing semantic Polysemy from these objects.
Since this is qualitative research, the main instrument is the writer himself.
Data collection is classified based on their relevance to the research object.
This is conducted because first, choosing the needed data and unneeded data.
Second, the makes it easy for the writer to answer the research problems.
The data that have been classified are then analyzed using the relevant polysemy semantic theory.
Afterward, the result is presented in the report in the qualitative description.
Result and Discussion This part will present the research finding it is the description of the research questions.
covers the meaning of wali/ auliya and how they are translated into Yusuf Ali and Muhsin KhanAos The findings of the research are the following.
The sameness of translation work of the word wali/auliya Protector/s Analyzing verses containing wali/ auliya shows that Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan translated them as Aoprotector/s.
Ao The verses are At-taubah: 74 and 116.
Az Zumar: 3, ar RaAod: 16.
Yusuf: 101.
Ahzab: 17 and 65.
Asy Syura: 6, 8, and 9.
Al AAoraf: 155.
Al Kahfi: 50 and 102.
Al Isra: 33.
As Sajdah:
Hud: 20 and 103.
An Nisa: 45.
Ali Imran: 122.
Al Jatsiyah: 10 and 19.
Al AnAoam: 14.
Al Furqon:
An Nisa: 75, al maidah: 51.
Chapter and Yusuf Ali Muhsin Khan Verse At-taubah: 74 74: They swear by Allah 74: They swear by Allah that they said At-taubah: 116 that they said nothing nothing .
, but they said the .
, but indeed they word of disbelief, and they disbelieved uttered blasphemy, and after accepting Islam, and they they did it after accepting resolved that .
lot to murder Prophet Islam.
They meditated a Muhammad SAW), which they were plot they could not carry unable to carry out, and they could out: their revenge was not find any cause to do so except .
only return for the that Allah and His Messenger had bounty with which Allah enriched them of His Bounty.
If they and His Messenger had repent, it will be better for them, but enriched them! If they if they turn away.
Allah will punish The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 repent, it will be best for them with a painful torment in this but if they turn worldly life and the Hereafter.
And back .
o their evil way.
, there is none for them on earth as a Allah will punish them Wali .
Protecto.
or a with a grievous penalty in this life and the Hereafter:
116: Verily.
Allah! Unto Him belongs They shall have none on the dominion of the heavens and the earth to protect or help He gives life and causes death.
And besides Allah, you have neither Wali (Protector or guardia.
nor 116: Unto Allah belongeth helper.
the dominion of the heavens and the earth.
giveth life, and He taketh Except for Him, ye have no protector nor az Zumar: 3 3: Is it not to Allah that 3: Surely, the religion .
, the worship sincere devotion is due? and the obedienc.
is for Allah only.
But those who take for And those who take Auliya' protectors other than .
rotectors and helper.
beside Him Allah .
: AuWe only .
: "We worship them only that serve them so that they they may bring us near to Allah.
may bring us nearer to Verily.
Allah will judge between them Allah.
Ay Truly Allah will concerning that wherein they differ.
judge between them in Indeed.
Allah guides not him who is a that wherein they differ.
liar and a disbeliever.
But Allah guides not such as are false and ungrateful.
ar RaAod: 16:
16: AuWho is the heavens 16: Say (O Muhammad SAW): AuWho and earth's Lord and is the Lord of the heavens and the Sustainer?Ay Say: Au(It i.
earth?Ay Say: Au(It i.
Allah.
Ay Say: AuHave Allah.
Ay Say: AuDo ye then you then taken .
or worshi.
AuliyaAo take .
or worshi.
rotectors, etc.
) other than Him.
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 protectors other than such as have no power either for a Him, such as have no benefit or for harm to themselves?Ay power either for good or Say: AuIs the blind equal to the one for harm to themselves?Ay who sees? Or is darkness equal to Say: AuAre the blind equal light? Or do they assign to Allah with those who see? Or partners who created the like of His the depths of darkness creation, so that the creation .
hich equal with light?Ay Or do they made and His creatio.
seemed they assign to Allah alike to them?Ay Say: AuAllah is the partners who have created Creator of all things.
He is the One, .
as He has the Irresistible.
Ay created so that the creature seems to them similar? Say: AuAllah is the Creator of all things: He is the One, the Supreme and Irresistible.
Ay Yusuf: 101 101: O my Lord! Thou 101: My Lord! You have indeed hast indeed bestowed on bestowed on me the sovereignty and me some power and taught me the interpretation of taught me something of dreams.
The .
Creator of the the interpretation of heavens and the earth! You are my dreams and events- O Wali (Protector.
Helper.
Supporter.
Thou Creator of the Guardian, etc.
) in this world and the heavens and the earth! Hereafter, cause me to die as a Thou art my Protector in Muslim .
he one submitting to Your this world and the Wil.
, and join me with the righteous.
Hereafter.
Take Thou my soul .
t deat.
as one submitting to Thy will .
s a Musli.
, and unite me with the righteous.
Ahzab: 17 17: Say: AuWho can protect 17: Say: AuWho can screen you from Ahzab: 65 you from Allah if He Allah if it is His wish to give you The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 intends to harm you or punishment or Mercy?Ay Nor will they intends mercy on you?Ay find for themselves, besides Allah, any And they will not find, protector or helper.
besides Allah, for 65: Wherein they will abide forever and themselves any Wali find neither a Wali .
nor a (Protector, supporter, ) or any helper.
65: To dwell therein forever: no protector will they find, nor helper.
Asy Syura: 6 6: And those who take as 6: And as for those who take as Asy Syura: 8 protectors others besides AuliyaAo .
uardians, supporters.
Asy Syura: 9 Him,- Allah doth watch helpers, protectors, etc.
) others over them.
and thou art besides Him .
, they take false not the disposer of their deities other than Allah .
protectors, and they worship the.
Allah is Hafiz (Protecto.
over them 8: And if Allah had willed, .
, takes care of their deeds and will He could have made them repay the.
, and you (O Muhammad one nation, but He admits SAW) are not a Wakil .
uardian or a whom He wills to His disposer of their affair.
over them .
o Mercy.
And the Zalimun protect their deeds, etc.
olytheists and wrongdoers, etc.
) will have 8: If Allah had so willed.
He could neither a Wali have made them a single people, but (Protecto.
nor a helper.
He admits whom He will to His 9: Or have they taken .
or Mercy.
and the Wrong-doers will have worshi.
AuliyaAo no protector nor helper.
uardians, supporters, 9: What! Have they taken .
or helpers, protectors, etc.
) worshi.
protectors besides Him? besides Him? But Allah.
But it is Allah- He is the Protector.
He Alone is the Wali and it is He Who gives life to the (Protector, etc.
And He dead: It is He Who has power over all The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 gives life to the dead and can do all things.
Al AAoraf: 155 155: And Moses chose 155: And Musa (Mose.
chose out of seventy of his people for his people seventy .
f the bes.
men Our place of meeting:
for Our appointed time and place of when they were seized meeting, and when they were seized with violent quaking, he with a violent earthquake, he said: AuO prayed: AuO my Lord! If it my Lord, if it had been Your Will, had been Thy will Thou You could have destroyed them and couldst have destroyed, me before.
would You destroy us for long before, both them the deeds of the foolish ones among and me: wouldst Thou us? It is only Your Trial by which You destroy us for the deeds lead astray whom You will, and keep of the foolish ones among guided whom You will.
You are our us? This thing is no more Wali (Protecto.
, so forgive us and than Thy trial: by it.
Thou have Mercy on us, for You are the causest whom Thou wilt Best of those who forgive.
to stray, and Thou leadest whom Thou wilt into the right path.
Thou art our Protector: forgive us and give us Thy mercy.
Thou art the best of those who forgive.
Al Kahfi: 50 50: Behold! We said to the 50: And .
when We said to Al Kahfi: 102 angels.
AuBow down to the angels.
AuProstrate to Adam.
Ay So AdamAy: They bowed they prostrated except Iblis (Sata.
down except Iblis.
He was He was one of the jinns.
he disobeyed one of the Jinns, and he the Command of his Lord.
Will you broke the Command of then take him (Ibli.
and his offspring his Lord.
Will ye then take as protectors and helpers rather than him and his progeny as Me while they are enemies to you? protectors rather than What evil is an exchange for the Me? And they are enemies The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 to you! Evil would be the Zalimun .
olytheists, wrong-doers, exchange for the wrong- 102: Do then those who disbelieve 102: Do the Unbelievers think that they can take My slaves .
think they can take My the angels.
AllahAos Messengers.
AoIesa servants as protectors (Jesu.
, son of Maryam (Mar.
, etc.
besides Me? Verily We as AuliyaAo .
ords, gods, protectors, have prepared Hell for the etc.
) besides Me? Verily.
We have Unbelievers for .
prepared Hell as entertainment for the disbelievers .
n the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheis.
As-Sajdah: 4 4: It is Allah Who has 4: Allah.
He has created the heavens created the heavens and and the earth, and all that is between the earth, and all between them in six Days.
Then He Istawa them, in six Days, and is .
ose ove.
the Throne .
n a manner firmly established on the that suits His Majest.
You Throne .
f Authorit.
: ye .
have none, besides Him, have none, besides Him, as a Wali (Protector or helper, etc.
to protect or intercede or an intercessor.
Will you not then .
or yo.
: will ye not then remember .
r be admonishe.
? receive admonition? Hud: 20 20: They will in no wise 20: By no means will they escape Hud: 113 frustrate (His desig.
rom AllahAos Tormen.
on earth, nor earth, nor have they have they protectors besides Allah! protectors besides Allah! Their torment will be doubled! They Their penalty will be could not bear to hear .
he preachers doubled! They lost the of the trut.
, and they used not to see power to hear, and they .
he truth because of their severe did not see! aversion, even though they had the 113: And incline not to sense of hearing and sigh.
those who do wrong, or 113: And incline not toward those the Fire will seize you, and who do wrong, lest the Fire should ye have no protectors touch you, and you have no The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 An Nisa: 45 other than Allah, nor shall protectors other than Allah, nor ye be helped.
would you be helped.
45: But Allah hath full 45: Allah has full knowledge of your knowledge of your enemies, and Allah is Sufficient as a enemies: Allah is enough Wali (Protecto.
, and Allah is for a protector, and Allah Sufficient as a Helper.
is enough for a Helper.
Ali Imran: 122 122: Remember two of 122: When two parties from among your parties Meditated you were about to lose heart.
Allah cowardice, but Allah was was their Wali (Supporter and their Protector, and in Protecto.
And in Allah should the Allah should the faithful believers put their trust.
(Eve.
put their trust.
Al Jatsiyah: 10 10: In front of them is 10: In front of them, there is Hell, and Al Jatsiyah: 19 Hell: and of no profit to that which they have earned will be of them is anything they may no profit to them, nor .
ill be of any have earned, nor any profit to the.
those whom they have protectors they may have taken as AuliyaAo .
rotectors, taken to themselves helpers, etc.
) besides Allah.
And besides Allah: for them is theirs will be a great torment.
a tremendous Penalty.
19: Verily, they can avail you nothing 19: They will be of no use against Allah .
f He wants to punish to thee in the sight of Verily, the Zalimun .
Allah: it is only Wrong- wrong-doers, etc.
) are AuliyaAo doers .
hat stand a.
rotectors, helpers, etc.
) to one protectors, one to another, but Allah is the Wali another: but Allah is the (Helper.
Protector, etc.
) of the Protector of the Muttaqun .
ious Ae see V.
Righteous.
Al AnAoam: 14 14: Say: AuShall I take for 14: Say (O Muhammad SAW): AuShall I my Protector any other take as a Wali .
Protector, than Allah, the Maker of ) any other than Allah, the Creator the heavens and the earth? of the heavens and the earth? And it is And He is that feedeth He Who feeds but is not fed.
Ay Say:
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 but is not fed.
Ay Say: AuNay! AuVerily.
I am commanded to be the I am commanded to be first of those who submit themselves the first of those who bow to Allah .
s Muslim.
Ay And be not Al Furqon: 18 to Allah .
n Isla.
, and be you (O Muhammad SAW) of the not Thou of the company Mushrikun .
olytheists, pagans, of those who join gods idolaters, and disbelievers in the with Allah.
Ay Oneness of Alla.
18: They will say: AuGlory 18: They will say: AuGlorified be You! to Thee! Not was it for us It was not for us to take any AuliyaAo that we should take for (Protectors.
Helpers, etc.
) besides protectors others besides You, but You gave them and their Thee: But Thou didst fathers comfort till they forgot the bestow, on them and their warning and became a lost people fathers, good things .
oomed to total los.
, until they forgot the Message: for they were a people .
orthless an.
Ay An Nisa: 75 75: And why should ye 75: And what is wrong with you that not fight in the cause of you fight not in the Cause of Allah.
Allah and those who are and for those weak, ill-treated and weak and ill-treated .
nd oppressed among men, women, and oppresse.
?- Men, children, whose cry is: AuOur Lord! women, and children.
Rescue us from this town whose whose cry is: AuOur Lord! people are oppressors, and raise for us Rescue us from this town, from You, one who will protect, and whose people are raise for us from You, one who will raise for us Ay from Thee one who will protect, and raise for us from Thee one who will help!Ay Al Maidah: 51 51: O ye who believe! 51: O you who believe! Take not the Take not the Jews and the Jews and the Christians as AuliyaAo The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 Christians for your .
riends, protectors, helpers, etc.
friends and protectors:
they are but AuliyaAo to one another.
They are but friends and And if any amongst you takes them as protectors to each other.
AuliyaAo, indeed he is one of them.
And he amongst you that Verily.
Allah guides not those people turns to them .
or who are the Zalimun .
olytheists and friendshi.
is of them.
wrong-doers and unjus.
Verily Allah guideth, not a people unjust.
The word wali/auliya above is translated into the exact translation both by Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan.
The word Wali and its derivations are translated intoAo supporter, helper.
Protector, guardian, friend, authority, lords, gods.
Wali, and auliyaAo.
But Muhsin Khan prefers to translate the word wali/auliya into the exact words in a source language, then explains by giving some translation options in the bracket.
Yusuf Ali also changes word class, such as nouns in the source language are translated into a verb as in Taubah 74 and As-Sajdah 4.
Further.
Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan modify the word class from a noun into a verb in An Nisa 75.
The references of wali/auliya in the verses above refer to various references.
They mainly refer to being other than Allah, except the verse An Nisa 45, 75 and Ali Imran 122.
These three verses refer to Allah.
Guardian Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan translate the word Wali into guardian in Al Baqoroh 282.
Chapter and Yusuf Ali Muhsin Khan Verse Al Baqarah: 282 282: O ye who believe! When ye 282: O you who believe! deal with each other in When you contract a debt for transactions involving future a fixed period, could you write obligations in a fixed period, it down? Let a scribe write it reduce them to writing.
Let a down in justice between you.
scribe write down faithfully as Let not the scribe refuse to between the parties: let not the write as Allah has taught him, scribe refuse to write: as Allah so let him write.
Let him .
he Has taught him, so let him write.
who incurs the liability Let him who incurs the liability dictate, and he must fear dictate, but let him fear His Lord Allah, his Lord, and diminish The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 Allah, and not diminish what he not anything of what he owes.
If the party liable is But if the debtor is of poor mentally deficient, weak, or understanding, weak, or unable to dictate.
Let his unable to dictate, then let his guardian dictate faithfully and guardian dictate in justice.
get two witnesses out of your And get two witnesses out of If there are not two men, your men.
And if there are not then a man and two women, such two men .
, then a as ye choose, for witnesses, so man and two women, such as that if one of them errs, the other you, agree for witnesses so can remind her.
The witnesses that if one of them .
wo should not refuse when they are wome.
errs, the other can called on (For evidenc.
Disdain remind her.
And the witnesses not to reduce to writing .
our should not refuse when they contrac.
for a future period, are called on .
or evidenc.
whether it be small or big: it is You should not become weary juster in the sight of Allah.
More of writing it .
our contrac.
, suitable as evidence, and more whether it be small or big, for convenient to prevent doubts its fixed term, that is more just among yourselves, but if it is a with Allah, more solid as transaction which ye carry out on evidence, and more the spot among yourselves, there convenient to prevent doubts is no blame on you if ye reduce it among yourselves, save when not to writing.
But take witness it is a present trade which you whenever ye make a commercial carry out on the spot among contract, and let neither scribe yourselves, then there is no nor witness suffers harm.
If ye do sin on you if you do not write .
uch har.
, it would be it down.
But take witnesses wickedness in you.
So fear Allah.
whenever you make a For it is Good that teaches you.
commercial contract.
Let And Allah is well acquainted with neither scribe nor witness all things.
If ye are on a journey suffers any harm, but if you and cannot find a scribe, a pledge do .
uch har.
, it would be with possession .
ay serve the wickedness in you.
So be The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 And if one of you afraid of Allah, and Allah deposits a thing on trust with teaches you.
And Allah is the another, let the trustee .
All-Knower of each and discharge his trust, and let him Fear his Lord conceal not for whoever conceals it.
Ae his heart is tainted with sin.
And Allah knoweth all that ye do.
The word Wali above is translated into the exact translation by Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan.
The word Wali is translated into the word Aoguardian.
Ao According to Oxford Advanced Dictionary, a guardian is legally responsible for caring for another person, especially a child whose parents have died.
The context of this verse is the weak ones in thought, so they need the other to represent them in contract with the others as the legal representative.
Friends Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan translate the word Wali into friends in An Nisa: 144 and Al AnAoam: 121.
Chapter and Yusuf Ali Muhsin Khan Verse An Nisa: 144 144: O ye who 144: O you who believe! Take not for believe! Take not AuliyaAo .
rotectors or helpers or friend.
for friends disbelievers instead of believers.
Do you unbelievers rather wish to offer Allah a manifest proof against than believers: Do ye wish to offer Allah an open proof against yourselves? Al AnAoam: 121 121: Eat not of 121: Eat not (O believer.
of that .
on which which AllahAos Name has not been AllahAos name hath pronounced .
t the time of the slaughtering not been of the anima.
It is Fisq .
sin and pronounced: That disobedience of Alla.
And indeed, the would be impiety.
Shayatin .
inspire their friends .
rom But the evil ones humankin.
to dispute with you.
If you The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 ever inspire their obey them .
y making Al-Maytatah .
dead friends to contend anima.
legal by eating i.
, then you would with you if ye were indeed be Mushrikun .
ecause to obey them, ye they .
evils and their friend.
made lawful would indeed be to you to eat that which Allah has made Pagans.
unlawful to eat.
You obeyed them by considering it lawful to eat.
by doing so, you worshipped them, and to worship others besides Allah is polytheis.
The word auliya above is translated into the exact translation by Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan.
The word auliya is translated into the words friends.
In An Nisa 144.
Muhsin Khan translated this word into auliya with an explanation following in the bracket, and one of the optional translations in the bracket is Aofriends.
Ao The brief context of this verse.
Al AnAoam 121, for instance, is the prohibition of eating the meat of an animal slaughtered not by AllahAos name.
To do so, the devilAos human friends eat the prohibited meat.
Heir Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan translate the word Wali into heir in al Isra: 33.
Chapter and Yusuf Ali Muhsin Khan Verse Al Isra: 33 33: Nor take life Ae which 33: Do not kill anyone Allah has Allah has made sacred Ae forbidden, except for a just cause.
And except for just cause.
And whoever is killed .
ntentionally with if anyone is slain hostility and oppression and not by wrongfully, we have given mistak.
We have given his heir the his heir authority .
o authority [.
o demand Qisas.
Law of demand visas or to Equality in punishment or to forgive, forgiv.
: but let him not or to take Diya .
lood mone.
But exceed bounds in taking let him not exceed limits in taking life for he is helped .
, he should not kill except the killer the La.
Verily, he is helped .
y Islamic La.
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 The word Wali above is translated into the exact translation both by Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan.
The word Wali is translated into the word Aoheir.
Ao According to Oxford Advanced LearnersAo Dictionary heir is a person with the legal right to receive somebodyAos property, money, or the title when that person dies.
In this context heir is a person whose family is being killed by someone.
Then this person has the right to demand the killing of the killer .
ife for lif.
or gives forgiveness.
The different translations of the word wali/auliya Protector/s, friends.
Wali (Lord.
, and Allies The word wali/auliya has been translated the word Wali into protector/s, friends.
Wali (Lor.
, and allies in Fushilat: 31, saba: 41, al Anfal: 73 Chapter and Yusuf Ali Muhsin Khan Verse Fushilat: 31 31: We are your 31: "We have been your friends in protectors in this life and the life of this world and are .
in the Hereafter: therein the Hereafter.
Therein you shall shall ye have all that your have .
that your inner-selves souls shall desire.
desire, and therein you shall shall ye have all that ye have .
for which you ask.
ask for!2 Saba: 41 41: They will say.
AuGlory 41: They .
will say: AuGlorified to Thee! Our .
is with be You! You are our Wali (Lor.
Thee Ae as Protector Ae instead of them.
Nay, but they used to not with them.
Nay, but worship the jinns.
most of them were they worshipped the believers in them.
Ay Jinns: most believed in Ay Al Anfal: 73 73: The Unbelievers are 73: And those who disbelieve are protectors, one of allies to one another, .
if you another: Unless ye do this (Muslims of the whole world .
rotect each othe.
, there collectivel.
do not do so .
, become would be tumult and allies, as one united block with one oppression on earth and Khalifah Ae chief Muslim ruler for the great mischief.
whole Muslim world to make victorious AllahAos Religion of Islamic Monotheis.
, there will be Fitnah The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 .
ars, battles, polytheism, etc.
) and oppression on earth, and a great mischief and corruption .
ppearance of polytheis.
At Taubah 23 23: Oh ye who believe! 23: O you who believe! Take not for Take not for protectors Auliya .
upporters and helper.
, your fathers and brothers your fathers, and your brothers if they if they love infidelity prefer disbelief to Belief.
And above Faith: if any of you whoever of you does so.
then he is do so, they do wrong.
one of the Zalimun .
rong-doers.
The word wali/auliya above are translated into different translations by Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan.
Yusuf Ali translated those three verses as Aoprotector/s.
Meanwhile.
Muhsin Khan translated them into Aofriends,Ao Wali (Lor.
, and allies.
The words wali/ auliya in Fushilat 31 refer to the Angels (Malaika.
, and Saba 41 refers to Allah.
The rest refer to disbelievers.
The brief context, for instance.
Fushilat 31, is that the Angels will accompany the believers .
uAomi.
in the world and the Hereafter.
Friends and Auliya .
rotectors and helper.
, brothers The word wali/auliya are translated into friends, auliya .
rotectors and helper.
, and brothers in al Ahzab: 6.
Al AAoraf: 3, 27 & 30.
Yunus: 62.
Al Maidah: 55 & 57.
An- Nisa: 144.
Chapter and Yusuf Ali Muhsin Khan Verse Ahzab: 6 6: The Prophet is closer 6: The Prophet is closer to the to the Believers than their believers than themselves, and his selves, and his wives are wives are their .
mothers their mothers.
Blood .
egarding respect and marriag.
And relations have closer blood relations among each other personal ties in the have closer personal ties in the Decree Decree of Allah.
Than of Allah .
egarding inheritanc.
he Brotherhood o.
he brotherhood o.
the believers and Believers and Muhajirs:
the Muhajirun .
migrants from nevertheless do ye what is Makkah, etc.
), except that you do just to your closest kindness to those brothers .
hen the The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 friends: such is the Prophet SAW joined them in writing in the Decree .
f brotherhood tie.
This thing has been Alla.
written in the (AllahAos Book of Divin.
Decrees (AlLauh AlMahfu.
Ay Al Araf: 3 3: Follow (O men!) the 3: [Say (O Muhammad SAW) to these Al AAoraf: 27 revelation from your idolaters .
agan Arab.
of your folk:] Al AAoraf: 30 Lord, and follow not, as Follow what has been sent down unto friends or protectors, you from your Lord .
he Quran and other than Him.
Little it is Prophet MuhammadAos Sunna.
, and ye remember of follow not any AuliyaAo .
rotectors and helpers, etc.
who order you to 27: O ye Children of associate partners in worship with Adam! Let not Satan Alla.
, besides Him (Alla.
Little do seduce you, in the same you remember! manner as He got your parents out of the 27: O Children of Adam! Let not Garden, stripping them of Shaitan (Sata.
deceive you, as he got their clothing, to expose your parents [Adam and Hawwa their shame: for him and (Ev.
] out of Paradise, stripping them his tribe watch you from a of their raiments to show them their position where ye cannot private parts.
Verily, he and Qabiluhu see them: We made the .
is soldiers from the jinns or his evil ones friends .
to trib.
see you from where you cannot those without Faith.
see them.
Verily.
We made the Shayatin .
AuliyaAo .
rotectors 30: Some He hath guided:
and helper.
for those who believe Others have .
y their choic.
deserved the loss of their way.
in that, they 30: A group He has guided, and a took the evil ones, in group deserved to be in error.
preference to Allah, for .
indeed they took the their friends and Shayatin .
as AuliyaAo protectors, and think that .
rotectors and helper.
instead of they receive guidance.
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 Allah, and consider that they are Yunus: 62 62: Behold! indeed, on 62: No doubt! Verily, the AuliyaAo of the friends of Allah.
Allah .
, those who believe in the there is no fear, nor shall Oneness of Allah and fear Allah much they grieve.
bstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which he has forbidde.
, and love Allah much .
erform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordaine.
], no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve.
Al Maidah: 55 55: Your .
friends are 55: Verily, your Wali (Protector or Al Maidah: 57 .
o less tha.
Allah.
His Helpe.
is Allah.
His Messenger, and Messenger, and the the believers Ae those who perform As- .
ellowship o.
believers- Salat (Iqamat-as-Sala.
and give Zakat, those who establish and they bow down .
ubmit regular prayers and themselves with obedience to Allah in regular charity, and they bow down humbly .
n 57: O you who believe! Take not for AuliyaAo .
rotectors and helper.
57: O ye who believe! those who take your religion for a Take not for friends and mockery and fun from among those protectors those who who received the Scripture (Jews and take your religion for a Christian.
before you, nor from mockery or sport- among the disbelievers.
fear Allah if whether among those you indeed are true believers.
who received the Scripture before you, or those who reject Faith.
but fear ye.
Allah, if ye have Faith .
An Nisa: 144 144: O ye who believe! 144: O you who believe! Take not for Take not for friends AuliyaAo .
rotectors or helpers or The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 unbelievers rather than friend.
disbelievers instead of believers: Do ye wish to Do you wish to offer Allah offer Allah an open proof a manifest proof against yourselves? against yourselves? The word wali/auliya above are translated into different translations by Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan.
Yusuf Ali translates those words into Aofriends.
Ao Meanwhile.
Muhsin Khan translates them into AobrothersAo with the same word, auliya, with the explanation following in the bracket.
Aoprotectors and helpers.
Ao The interesting finding, in this case, is in Al Maidah 55.
The Wali is singularly translated into AofriendsAo in plural by Yusuf Ali, but Muhsin Khan translates it into Wali (Protector or Helpe.
still in the singular.
Patron and Wali/ Helper The word Wali is translated into a patron and .
helper in An Nahl: 63.
Chapter and Yusuf Ali Muhsin Khan Verse An Nahl: 63 63: By Allah.
We .
63: By Allah.
We indeed sent sent (Our messenger.
to (Messenger.
to the nations before Peoples before thee.
you (O Muhammad SAW), but Satan made, .
o the Shaitan (Sata.
made their deeds fair- wicke.
, their acts seem seeming to them.
So he (Sata.
is their alluring: He is also their Wali .
, in this patron today, but they worl.
, and theirs will be a painful shall have a most grievous torment.
Yusuf Ali translates this word into Aopatron.
Ao Meanwhile.
Muhsin Khan translates it into Wali with the following explanation in the bracket.
Aohelper.
Ao Shortly, the patron gives support.
helper makes something easier for somebody (Oxford Advanced LearnersAo Dictionar.
Heir and Near Relatives The word Wali is translated into heir and near relatives in An Naml: 49.
Chapter and Yusuf Ali Muhsin Khan Verse An Naml: 49 49: They said: AuSwear a mutual 49: They said: AuSwear one to oath by Allah that we shall make another by Allah that we shall The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 a secret night attack on him and make a secret night attack on his people, and that we shall him and his household, and then say to his heir .
hen he afterward we will surely say to seeks vengeanc.
: AoWe were not his near relatives: AoWe present at the slaughter of his witnessed not the destruction people, and we are positively of his household, and verily! telling the truth.
'Ay We are telling the truth.
'Ay Yusuf Ali translates Wali into Aoheir.
Ao Meanwhile.
Muhsin Khan translates it into near Wali is singular, and Yusuf Ali translates it in singular.
Aoheir.
Ao However.
Muhsin Khan translates it into Aonear relatives,Ao plural.
According to Oxford Advanced LearnersAo Dictionary heir is a person with the legal right to receive somebodyAos property, money, or the title when that person Meanwhile.
AorelativeAo is one having a relationship in the family.
Votaries and Aulyia The word wali/auliya is translated into votaries and AuliyaAo .
upporters and friends .
olytheists, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger.
Muhammad SAW)] in Ali Imran: 122.
Chapter and Yusuf Ali Muhsin Khan Verse Ali Imran: 175 175: Only the Evil 175: It is only Shaitan (Sata.
that suggests One suggests the to you the fear of his AuliyaAo .
upporters fear of his votaries:
and friends .
olytheists, disbelievers in Be ye not afraid of the Oneness of Allah and His them, but fear Me.
Messenger.
Muhammad SAW)], so fear if ye have Faith.
them not, but fear Me, if you are .
Yusuf Ali translates auliya into Aovotaries.
Ao Meanwhile.
Muhsin Khan translates it into auliya with a lengthy explanation following in the bracket.
A votary is one worshipping one or thing.
Conclusion The word wali/auliya is Polysemy.
which is translated into English translation of the Quran in various ways.
Some of them are translated in the exact words both by Yusuf Ali and Muhsin Khan.
Meanwhile, the others are translated differently.
However, we can see from the findings above that Muhsin Khan and Taqiudin Al Hilali mostly translate them into the exact words.
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
The Progress: Journal of Language and Ethnicity .
: 40-62 translating wali/auliya into wali/auliya.
Still, they both add an explanation following in the bracket.
Yusuf Ali translated the word wali/ auliya into the same word wali/ auliya only in a few places.
References