Riset Informasi Kesehatan.
Vol.
No.
2 (May 2.
ISSN 2548-6462 .
ISSN 2088-8740 .
DOI: 10.
30644/rik.
Shampoo formulation with active ingredient candlenut oil (Aleurites Moluccan.
Luluk Aniqoh Meliana Putri1*.
Juvita Herdianty2.
Arif Wijayanto3.
Ardhi Broto Sumanto4.
Amalia
Eka Putri5
1,2,3,4,5
Departement of Pharmacy.
Universitas STRADA Indonesia.
Indonesia Departement of Pharmacy.
STIKes Karya Putra Bangsa Tulungagung.
Indonesia *Corresponding authorAos email: lulukaniqohmelianaputri@gmail.
Accepted: 05 July 2025.
revision: 08 May 2026.
published: 31 May 2026 Abstract Background: Candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccan.
is a natural ingredient rich in essential fatty acids and antioxidants that has potential benefits in hair care, particularly for strengthening hair roots and promoting hair growth.
The development of candlenut oil-based shampoo offers an alternative natural and environmentally friendly cosmetic product.
Method: This experimental study formulated shampoo preparations containing varying concentrations of candlenut oil .
%, 12%, 18%, and 24%) and evaluated their physical characteristics through organoleptic testing, pH measurement, viscosity testing, and foam height Results: Organoleptic testing showed that higher concentrations of candlenut oil produced a more intense yellow color, with a characteristic candlenut aroma and a soft texture in all The pH measurement indicated that all formulations were within the acceptable pH range for topical preparations .
Ae.
The foam height test demonstrated that increasing candlenut oil concentration reduced foam stability and foam height.
The viscosity test revealed that only Formula 2 met the required viscosity standard .
Ae4000 cp.
, while the other formulations were below the acceptable range.
Conclusion: Based on the overall physical evaluation.
Formula 2 .
% candlenut oi.
demonstrated the most optimal characteristics and met the required quality standards for shampoo preparations.
Keywords: Formulation.
Shampoo.
Candlenut Oil.
Physical Evaluation INTRODUCTION Shampoo is a cosmetic preparation designed to cleanse the hair and scalp while maintaining scalp health and minimizing irritation .
The selection of appropriate excipients, particularly thickening agents, plays an essential role in determining the physical stability and user acceptability of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is widely used as a viscosityenhancing polymer due to its hydrophilic properties, biodegradability, and compatibility with cosmetic formulations .
These characteristics make CMC suitable for developing stable and environmentally friendly shampoo products.
In line with the growing demand for natural-based cosmetics, candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccan.
has gained attention as a potential active ingredient due to its essential fatty acid and Riset Informasi Kesehatan antioxidant content, which contribute to hair nourishment and scalp protection.
Therefore.
CMC can be used as a thickening agent .
iscosity agen.
in shampoo formulations because of its hydrophilic properties which can increase the viscosity of the shampoo preparation, so that the texture is comfortable when used and increases the adhesion of active ingredients to the hair .
Candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccanu.
has been widely known as a natural ingredient in hair care .
This oil is rich in essential fatty acids, including linoleic acid and oleic acid, which help moisturize the scalp and give shine to the hair .
Candlenut oil also contains antioxidants such as vitamin E, which functions as a protector against free radicals and improves scalp health.
Candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccan.
has traditionally been used in hair care due to its Luluk Aniqoh Meliana Putri.
Juvita Herdianty.
Arif Wijayanto.
Ardhi Broto Sumanto.
Amalia Eka Putri Shampoo formulation with active ingredient candlenut oil (Aleurites Moluccan.
nourishing and hair-strengthening properties RESULTS Table 2.
Organoleptic testing .
Its high content of essential fatty acids Evaluation Evaluation Results and antioxidant compounds supports scalp hydration and protects hair from oxidative damage .
In cosmetic formulations.
Yellow Yellow Soft Yellow candlenut oil functions as a natural emollient.
Color improving hair softness and manageability Smell Typical Typical Typical Typical .
The increasing consumer preference for Gentle Gentle Gentle Gentle plant-based and environmentally friendly Texture cosmetic products has further encouraged the development of herbal shampoo formulations Table 3.
pH Test incorporating candlenut oil as an active ingredient .
However, variations in oil Evaluation Results Evaluation Range concentration may influence the physical characteristics and stability of the shampoo Replication 1 preparation, thereby requiring systematic Replication 2 formulation and evaluation.
Replication 3 Average METHOD Table 1.
Formula
Material Name
Kemiri Oil
CMC Na
Nipagin
0,25%
0,25% 0,25%
0,25%
Propilen Glikol
Menthol
0,3%
0,3%
0,3%
0,3%
Oleum Rosae 2 gtt
2 gtt
2 gtt
2 gtt
Na Lauryl
Sulfat
Aquadest
73,198
63,118 53,398
43,498
Table 4.
Foam height test Evaluatio Range Start 3-22 cm Evaluation Result 6 cm 5 cm 5 cm 3.
5 cm 30 second 5 cm 0 cm 1 cm 3 cm 2 minute 5 cm 5 cm 6 cm 2.
9 cm 7 minute 3 cm 2 cm 5 cm 2.
5 cm Table 5.
Viscosity Test Evaluation Range Prepare the tools and materials used.
Weigh and take 2.
29 cmc na for each formulation then develop in a mortar with 99 ml of distilled water, wait for the mucilage to form.
Weigh and take 12 g of sodium Lauryl Sulfate for each formulation, add to the mortar, grind it smoothly and homogeneously.
Dissolve methyl paraben into propylene glycol in a beaker glass, stir until homogeneous.
Mix candlenut oil, oleum Rosae and menthol in a separate container, stir until homogeneous.
Add the methyl paraben propylene glycol mixture into the mortar until homogeneous.
Add the oil mixture .
ixture into the water phase mixture slowly while stirring until Add the remaining distilled water to the desired volume, stir again until the shampoo is completely mixed.
Put it in a well-closed container .
Evaluation Result
R1: 12
400-4000 108.
RPM
cps/mpa.
mPa.
Spindle: 4 s R2: 30
RPM
mPa.
Spindle: 4
R3: 60
RPM
mPa.
Spindle: 4 mPa.
mPa.
mPa.
mPa.
mPa.
mPa.
mPa.
mPa.
mPa.
DISCUSSION
Organoleptic testing Organoleptic evaluation demonstrated that increasing the concentration of candlenut oil influenced the visual appearance of the shampoo preparation.
Formula 1 .
%) produced a soft yellow color, whereas Formulas 2Ae4 .
Ae24%) showed a more intense yellow coloration.
This finding indicates that the natural pigment of candlenut oil contributes directly to the color Riset Informasi Kesehatan.
Vol.
No.
2 (May 2.
Luluk Aniqoh Meliana Putri.
Juvita Herdianty.
Arif Wijayanto.
Ardhi Broto Sumanto.
Amalia Eka Putri Shampoo formulation with active ingredient candlenut oil (Aleurites Moluccan.
intensity of the formulation as its concentration increases.
All formulations exhibited a characteristic candlenut aroma, suggesting that the fragrance .
leum rosa.
did not completely mask the natural odor of the oil.
However, the aroma remained acceptable and did not indicate phase separation or rancidity, reflecting good short-term physical stability.
In terms of texture, all formulas showed a indicating that the concentration differences of candlenut oil did not significantly affect the spreadability or physical uniformity of the This suggests that the fixed concentration of CMC-Na .
%) was sufficient to maintain structural consistency across Overall, organoleptic differences were primarily observed in color intensity, while aroma and texture remained relatively stable among formulas.
concentration of candlenut oil, the smaller the foam height produced because candlenut oil is hydrophobic and interferes with foam formation .
So when added to shampoo in high concentrations, it will coat water molecules and surfactants, thereby interfering with the surfactant's ability to lower surface tension and reduce foam production .
pH Test The pH test aims to determine the acidity of a shampoo preparation, especially topical preparations .
Topical preparations ideally have the same pH value as the skin's This is because preparations that are too acidic will cause skin irritation and will give a stinging sensation, while preparations that are too alkaline will make the skin dry and itchy .
The pH test data for all shampoo preparations meet the normal skin pH range for good topical preparations in the range of 5-9 .
Based on this test, it shows that all of them are within the pH range of good shampoo preparations, which shows that the shampoo preparation does not indicating suitability for topical application and the skin pH has an effect on the absorption power of the preparation .
Viscosity Test The viscosity evaluation showed that only Formula 2 met the required standard range .
Ae4000 cp.
, while the other formulations exhibited lower viscosity values.
This variation may be influenced by the concentration of candlenut oil in the At lower concentrations (Formula .
, the oil phase may not sufficiently contribute to structural reinforcement within the system, resulting in lower viscosity.
Conversely, (Formulas 3 and .
, excessive oil content may disrupt the internal structure of the aqueous polymer network, leading to instability and reduced viscosity.
In addition, the interaction between CMCNa as a thickening agent and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant plays a crucial role in determining viscosity.
CMC forms a hydrated polymer network in the aqueous however, the presence of surfactants and hydrophobic oil components can alter polymer chain interactions.
High oil concentrations may interfere with the micellar structure formed by SLS, thereby affecting the viscosity and flow behavior of the shampoo These findings suggest that an optimal balance between oil concentration, polymer thickener, and surfactant is necessary to achieve stable viscosity, as observed in Formula 2.
Foam height test The foam height test was carried out to determine the resistance and strength of the foam .
Based on the foam height test, it shows that the higher the concentration of candlenut oil, the lower the foam strength.
The test showed that the stability of the foam decreased and was unstable.
The higher the CONCLUSIONS Variation characteristics of the shampoo formulations, particularly foam stability and viscosity.
Formula 2 .
%) showed the most optimal balance of pH, foam performance, and viscosity within the required standard range.
Riset Informasi Kesehatan.
Vol.
No.
2 (May 2.
Luluk Aniqoh Meliana Putri.
Juvita Herdianty.
Arif Wijayanto.
Ardhi Broto Sumanto.
Amalia Eka Putri Shampoo formulation with active ingredient candlenut oil (Aleurites Moluccan.
Therefore.
Formula 2 has potential for further development, including extended stability and safety evaluation to support its application as a natural-based shampoo product.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thank you to all parties who helped with this research so that this research could be completed.
REFERENCES