ISSN 2087-3336 (Prin.
| 2721-4729 (Onlin.
TEKNOSAINS: Jurnal Sains.
Teknologi dan Informatika Vol.
No.
1, 2026, page.
http://jurnal.
id/index.
php/tekno https://doi.
org/10.
37373/tekno.
Implementation of flutter in the development of an Android E-Commerce furniture application using the Sdlc Waterfall Method (A case study of mandiri furnitur.
Umar Tsani Abdurrahman.
Iskandar*.
Kuncoro A.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Cileungsi.
Jl.
Anggrek No.
Perum PTSC.
Cileungsi.
Bogor.
Jawa Barat Indonesia 16820 Corresponding Author: iskandar@umci.
Submitted: 06/12/2025 Revised: 02/01/2026 Accepted: 21/01/2026 Abstract The development of information technology encourages Micro.
Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME.
to adapt to digital-based sales systems.
Mandiri Furniture, as one of the MSMEs in the furniture sector, still faces problems in the marketing process, product ordering, and sales data management that are still carried out conventionally, resulting in low efficiency and limited market reach.
This study aims to develop an Android-based e-commerce application that can increase sales efficiency and provide system convenience for users and admins.
The research method used is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with the Waterfall model, which includes the stages of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
The application was developed using the Flutter framework.
MySQL database, and PHP as a link between the application and the server.
Application Programming Interface (API) integration was carried out to support system functionality, including Stripe as a payment service.
RajaOngkir for shipping cost calculations, and Imgur for uploading product images.
System testing was carried out using the Blackbox Testing method and showed that all application features ran well on several tested Android devices.
The results showed that the application was able to increase the efficiency of the sales process and ease of use of the system with a performance level of 75%.
The implications of this research are expected to be a digital solution for MSMEs in increasing competitiveness, expanding market reach, and optimizing sales data management in an integrated manner.
Keywords: Flutter.
E-Commerce.
Android.
SDLC Waterfall.
MSMEs.
Furniture Introduction The development of information and communication technology has driven digital transformation in various business sectors, including Micro.
Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME.
Digitalization is a key factor in increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs, particularly through the use of e-commerce platforms and mobile applications.
The use of mobile technology enables businesses to reach a wider range of consumers, accelerate transaction processes, and improve operational efficiency.
In Indonesia, the dominant use of Android-based smartphones presents a strategic opportunity for the development of mobile-based business applications.
Mandiri Furniture is an MSME engaged in the production and sale of furniture, such as chairs, tables, cabinets, and various interior decoration products.
Operationally, product ordering is still done manually via the WhatsApp instant messaging app.
This ordering pattern creates several problems, including difficulties in recording and tracking orders, the risk of data errors, and limitations in managing sales reports.
Furthermore, product marketing through general marketplaces faces obstacles such as intense price competition and a lack of control over product branding.
These conditions impact the sales process and customer service, which are less than optimal.
TEKNOSAINS: Jurnal Sains.
Teknologi & Informatika is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.
0 International License.
ISSN 2087-3336
(Prin.
| 2721-4729 (Onlin.
ISSN 2087-3336 (Prin.
| 2721-4729 (Onlin.
DOI 10.
37373/tekno.
As the need for integrated and efficient systems increases, a dedicated e-commerce application is needed to accommodate Mandiri Furniture's specific business needs.
The Android-based e-commerce application is expected to be a more effective digital marketing tool, increase customer ordering convenience, and assist administrators in managing product data, orders, payments, and shipping in a structured manner.
Previous research has shown that implementing a mobile e-commerce application in MSMEs can significantly improve operational efficiency and customer satisfaction .
In mobile application development, the choice of technology and software development methods is a crucial factor in ensuring system quality.
Flutter is an open-source framework developed by Google that supports cross-platform application development with a single codebase using the Dart programming language.
Flutter offers advantages in performance, ease of user interface (UI) development, and development time efficiency compared to conventional methods .
Using Flutter also enables the development of responsive and consistent Android applications across devices.
The software development method used in this research is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with the Waterfall model.
The Waterfall model consists of the stages of planning, requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
This model was chosen because it has a systematic workflow, clear documentation, and is suitable for developing systems with relatively stable and well-defined requirements from the start .
Several studies state that the Waterfall method is still relevant for use in developing small to medium scale information systems, including MSME applications, due to the ease of process management and system quality control .
In this study, the Mandiri Furniture e-commerce application was developed using Flutter as the frontend.
PHP as the backend, and MySQL as the database.
The user interface was designed using Figma to produce an intuitive and user-friendly visual design, while the system modeling was done using Unified Modeling Language (UML) designed with the help of Microsoft Visio.
System integration was also supported by the use of Application Programming Interfaces (API.
to support payment, shipping, and media management features.
Based on this background, this study aims to implement Flutter in the development of an Android e-commerce furniture application using the Waterfall SDLC method as a digital solution for Mandiri Furniture.
It is hoped that the resulting application will be able to improve the efficiency of the sales process, simplify order management by admins, and provide convenience and comfort for customers.
Furthermore, the results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for other MSMEs in adopting mobile e-commerce technology to increase competitiveness in the digital era.
Method The research method in this study was designed to produce an Android e-commerce furniture application that meets the operational needs of the Mandiri Furniture MSME and has a good level of reliability and ease of use.
The research approach used is software engineering research, with a focus on the development and implementation of a mobile-based system using the Flutter framework and the Waterfall model of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Data collection technique Data collection is carried out through two types of sources, namely primary data and secondary data .
Primary data was obtained directly from the research object through observation and interviews with relevant parties at the Mandiri Furniture MSME.
This data includes furniture product information, ordering flow, payment methods, shipping processes, and user needs from both customer and admin Interviews were conducted with Mulyadi and Muhamad Tomy Adam, the owner and manager of the Mandiri Furniture MSME, to obtain a clear picture of the current system issues and expectations for the system to be developed.
Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from various supporting sources, such as scientific journals, reference books, technical documentation, official websites, and publications related to mobile application development, e-commerce.
Flutter, and the SDLC Waterfall method.
This secondary data was used as a theoretical foundation, research comparison, and reference in system design, including UML diagrams, database structures, and the selection of supporting technologies .
The data collection techniques used include: .
Field Study, in the form of direct observation of Mandiri Furniture's business processes and interviews with MSME owners and managers to identify problems and system needs.
Literature Study, namely the collection and analysis of literature from national and international journals, books, and relevant online sources to support the application design and development process.
234 Umar Tsani Abdurrahman.
Iskandar.
Kuncoro A.
Implementation of flutter in the development of an Android E-Commerce furniture application using the Sdlc Waterfall Method (A case study of mandiri furnitur.
System development methods The system development method used in this research is the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with the Waterfall model.
The Waterfall model was chosen because it has structured, systematic, and well-documented stages, thus facilitating the application development process from the initial to the final stage .
Furthermore, this method is suitable for developing systems with relatively clear and stable requirements, such as in the case of the Mandiri Furniture SME.
The Waterfall SDLC stages applied in this study include:
Planning: The planning stage is carried out to identify the needs and objectives of application At this stage, observations, interviews, and literature studies are conducted to understand the problems faced by the Mandiri Furniture MSME.
The results of this stage include a general overview of the system, the scope of development, and the application's functional targets.
Analysis: The analysis phase aims to analyze the system's functional and non-functional Functional requirements include product management, ordering, payment, shipping, and admin data management features.
Non-functional requirements include security, usability, system performance, and Android device compatibility .
Design: In the design phase, a comprehensive system design is performed based on the analysis This includes the creation of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, such as use case diagrams, activity diagrams, and class diagrams.
Additionally, a database design is performed using MySQL and a user interface (UI) design is performed using Figma to ensure the application has an intuitive and user-friendly appearance.
Implementation: The implementation phase is the process of translating the system design into program code.
The application was developed using Flutter with the Dart programming language as the frontend.
PHP as the backend, and MySQL as the database.
Application Programming Interface (API) integration is used to support payment, delivery, and media management features.
At this stage, each module is developed according to the previously created design.
Testing: System testing is conducted using the Blackbox Testing method to ensure that each application function operates according to predetermined requirements.
Testing focuses on input and output validation, ordering, payment, and shipping functions, as well as admin data management.
This stage aims to minimize system errors before the application is used by end users .
Maintenance: The maintenance phase occurs after the application has been developed and tested.
Maintenance includes bug fixes, system updates, application performance monitoring, and feature adjustments if user needs change.
This phase is crucial for maintaining the system's long-term sustainability and reliability.
By implementing the systematic SDLC Waterfall method, this research is expected to be able to produce a stable, easy-to-use Android e-commerce furniture application, and is able to increase sales efficiency and system convenience for Mandiri Furniture MSMEs.
Figure 1.
SDLC waterfall method Figure 1 SDLC Waterfall method is used because it has structured and systematic stages, including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance, thus facilitating the development of Mandiri Furniture e-commerce applications in a controlled and documented mannera.
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Results and Discussion The system development stages using the Waterfall SDLC model in this study resulted in a Flutterbased Android e-commerce application designed to improve sales efficiency and ease system management at the Mandiri Furniture MSME.
The research stages included planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
Each stage produced output, which was then evaluated to determine the success rate of the developed application.
Results of the planning and analysis stage The initial outcome of the planning phase was the creation of a system requirements document that encompassed functional and non-functional requirements.
Functional requirements included user registration and authentication modules, a product catalog, a shopping cart, payment methods, order management, and admin data management.
Non-functional requirements included a responsive user interface, optimal performance, customer data security, and compatibility across various Android versions .
The needs analysis generated a list of prioritized features based on interviews with Mandiri Furniture owners and observations of current business processes.
The analysis revealed that the WhatsApp ordering process requires an organized system that reduces data input errors and provides a faster and more secure transaction experience for users.
System design results The system design resulted in a complete visual and structural model of the application.
Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, such as use case, sequence, activity, and class diagrams, were created as development guidelines.
The database design was standardized using efficient table relationships between user, product, order, and payment transaction tables.
The interface design using Figma creates an intuitive interface aligned with modern user experience (UX) principles.
The main interface displays the product catalog, search functionality, and easy navigation between customer and admin menus.
This design considers responsiveness principles to maintain consistency across various Android screen sizes .
Results of system implementation The system was implemented using Flutter as the front-end development framework and PHP and MySQL for the back-end and database.
Flutter technology was chosen for its capabilities in crossplatform application development, efficiency in UI development time, and extensive community support .
The use of PHP on the backend facilitates API integration and connectivity with MySQL databases.
Several key features were successfully implemented, including:
User Authentication: The registration and login modules are successfully integrated using email and phone numbers.
User data validation is performed as required.
Product Catalog Management: Admins can add, edit, and delete products.
The catalog system is connected to the database so that information updates can be displayed directly to users.
Cart and Checkout: Users can add products to the cart, view the order summary, select a payment method, and complete the transaction.
Payment and Shipping API Integration: The system successfully implements integration with third-party APIs for digital payment services and real-time shipping cost calculations, accelerating transaction and logistics processes .
In the UML use case model, it describes the various activities that can be performed within a system and the parties/actors authorized to use these functions.
In addition, use cases show how interactions occur between users and the system as a whole .
Use Case Diagram explanation:
Figure 2 the Use Case Diagram in the Mandiri Furniture e-commerce Android application describes the interaction between user and admin actors with the system, including the registration process, login, product management, ordering, payment, delivery, and integrated transaction data management.
Activity Diagram is a diagram that can represent a series of process sequences that occur in a system where the details are presented vertically to describe the sequence of steps in the flow of the system .
, and is a design in the form of transformation .
236 Umar Tsani Abdurrahman.
Iskandar.
Kuncoro A.
Implementation of flutter in the development of an Android E-Commerce furniture application using the Sdlc Waterfall Method (A case study of mandiri furnitur.
Figure 2.
Use Case Diagram Mandiri furniture App Use Case Diagram Analysis The Mandiri Furniture App Use Case Diagram illustrates the interactions between system users and the main functionality available in the furniture sales application.
This diagram aims to model the system's functional requirements and identify the roles of each actor in the application's business Actor identification There are two main actors in the system, namely: .
Client: The client is the application user who acts as a customer.
The client has access rights to register an account, log in to the system, view furniture products, add products to the wishlist, make payments, and monitor the product delivery process.
Admin: The admin is the party responsible for data management and system operations.
The admin has access rights to log in to the system, manage product data .
dd, change, update, and delete product.
, and manage the product delivery process to clients.
Functional analysis of the system Figure 3 based on the diagram, the system provides several main functions: .
Register Account:
This use case allows clients to create a new account to access application services.
Login: Used by clients and admins to authenticate before accessing features according to their respective access rights.
View Product: The system displays a list of available furniture products so that they can be accessed by clients and admins.
Manage Product (Add.
Edit.
Update.
Delete Produc.
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accurate and up to date.
Manage Wishlist: Clients can save products they are interested in to a wishlist as a reference before making a purchase.
Make Payment: This use case allows clients to make payment transactions for selected products.
Manage Delivery: The admin is responsible for managing the shipping process, while clients can monitor the shipping status of products that have been purchased.
Mandiri Furniture App-Admin Side User System Database Login access Show Login form Entry email and password email and password Entry product Show menu dashboard Yes Yes Show form product Save product Add product Show form edit product Change product Yes Edit product Dialog box delete status Delete product Delete product Show order wish list Show order form Yes Edit order status Change status order Logout Figure 3.
Activity Diagram Activity diagram explanation:
The activity diagram describes the flow of user and admin activities in the Mandiri Furniture ecommerce application, starting from login, product selection, ordering, payment, to order management by the admin, so that the business process runs in a structured and efficient manner.
238 Umar Tsani Abdurrahman.
Iskandar.
Kuncoro A.
Implementation of flutter in the development of an Android E-Commerce furniture application using the Sdlc Waterfall Method (A case study of mandiri furnitur.
Meanwhile, the client-side activity diagram has several flow sections.
The client-side activity diagram includes the login, order, profile details, and order history stages.
The following are the stages of the order activity diagram in Figure 4.
Mandiri Furniture App- Client Side-Order User System The Detail Product Select Product Yes Database The page cart appears Mark of product in Wishlist Add product to cart Open the part cart Select product and checkout Enter the recipient's address The page checkout Select shipping method Display payment transaction pop up (API Strip.
Carry out payment Enter Credit card/ debit card Credit card data validation and payment Confirm payment Order payment status displays succesful The order list appears Figure 4.
Activity diagram order Explanation of order activity diagram:
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The Order Client Activity Diagram describes the flow of product orders by customers, starting from product selection, adding to the cart, order confirmation, payment and delivery method selection, until the transaction is successfully processed by the systemm.
Mandiri Furniture App-Client Side - Detail Profil & History Order User System Database Access the main page Acces the profil menu The main page appears Select the profil to the edit profile Profil page appears Show my profil page Yes The pop up profil has been succes uploaded Edit profile Profil change data is Select my orders Display order list See order details Show order details Yes Change order status "Received" Yes Select the delivery icon Display order list "in Shipping" Select the order that has been received Show order details "In shipping status" Click Order "Received" Show confirmation pop up Yes See purchase history list Yes Show order details "Received" Show purchase history list Logout Figure 5.
Activity profile diagram and order history Explanation of profile activity and order history:
240 Umar Tsani Abdurrahman.
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Kuncoro A.
Implementation of flutter in the development of an Android E-Commerce furniture application using the Sdlc Waterfall Method (A case study of mandiri furnitur.
The profile and order history activity diagram illustrates the user interaction flow in managing account data and monitoring transaction history in the Mandiri Furniture e-commerce application.
The process begins when the user accesses the profile menu to view or update personal information, such as name, address, and contact information.
Next, the user can open the order history menu to display a list of previous orders, view details of order status, payment, and delivery.
This diagram shows the relationship between profile management and order history as part of increasing information transparency, ease of transaction monitoring, and improving the user experience in using the application.
The Class diagram design provides an overview of the structure and description of classes, packages, and objects along with their relationships to one another, such as containment, inheritance, and association.
Classes are divided into three main areas: stereotype names, attributes, and methods.
Product order_id: int | [PK] user_id_phoneNumber: varchar user_fullName: varchar order_selectedProducts: text order_deliverySystem: varchar order_costDeliverySystem: int order_costApp: int order_totalAmount: int order_status: varchar user_province: varchar user_city: varchar user_street_address: varchar user_zipcode: varchar dateTime: timestamp Add() Update() Read() product_id: varchar | [PK] product_name: varchar product_category: varchar product_color: varchar product_price: int product_description: varchar product_mainImage: text product_Image1: text product_image2: text Admin admin_id: int | [PK] admin_name: varchar admin_email: varchar admin_password: text Add() Delete() Update() Read() Login() User Client user_id_phoneNumber: varchar | [PK] user_fullName: varchar user_email: varchar user_password: text user_dateOfBirth: date Login() SignUp() Read() Update() Favorite_product Bag Favorite_id: int | [PK] Favorite_user_id: varchar Favorite_product_id: varchar bag_id: int | [PK] bag_user_id: varchar bag_product_id: varchar bag_quantity: int bag_color: varchar Add() Delete() Update() Read() Add() Delete() Update() Read() Figure 6.
Class Diagram Explanation:
An ER diagram illustrates the relationships between entities such as users, products, orders, payments, and shipping within the Mandiri Furniture e-commerce application, ensuring an integrated, consistent database structure that supports efficient transaction processing.
A hierarchical and composite navigation structure is then designed, providing a flexible navigation structure for both the admin-side and client-side applications.
The navigation structure in an application refers to the layout of navigation elements that allows users to move between screens, features, or sections of the application easily and ISSN 2087-3336 (Prin.
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Database structure design using PhpMyAdmin, a tool or utility available in XAMPP, which makes it easy to manage MySQL databases without having to manually type each query.
Database design is necessary to ensure that the required information can be accessed correctly by the system and that no data is stored in multiple records.
Here are some database structure designs for this study.
The application layout will illustrate how the Android-based Mandiri Furniture App will look.
The design can serve as a reference and facilitate application development.
The following is a visual representation of the application.
Figure 7.
Application display design Explanation Application Design: Describes the overall structure and workflow of an e-commerce application.
Implementation Phase.
At this stage, the design that has been created will be implemented in the form of application development, starting from the application display to database development.
Then, coding is done using Visual Studio Code.
First, install the Dart programming language and the Flutter framework through the Visual Studio Code extension.
Once installed, create a folder to implement the Flutter framework through the terminal in Visual Studio Code by entering the command "flutter create folder name.
" This will automatically create a Flutter project folder, which will also contain various Flutter framework directories.
The 'main.
dart' file in the 'lib' directory serves as the entry point for application development.
Therefore, when the application starts, the first thing displayed is the code execution in the 'main.
This file contains a 'main()' function that creates an object from the MaterialApp or CupertinoApp The main.
dart file is generally used to display the splash screen or login page.
Because this application is an e-commerce platform, several Application Programming Interfaces (API.
are required to simplify technology integration during development.
The APIs used include Imgur for image storage.
Stripe for payments, and RajaOngkir for shipping rate information.
Implementation is simple: copy the API key from each provider and add it to the project file as needed.
242 Umar Tsani Abdurrahman.
Iskandar.
Kuncoro A.
Implementation of flutter in the development of an Android E-Commerce furniture application using the Sdlc Waterfall Method (A case study of mandiri furnitur.
Application development is carried out in accordance with the display design that has been created in Figure 7.
Then in Figure 8 below, is the implementation of the main menu display of the application on the client side and admin side.
Figure 8.
(A) Main menu of the client side application, (B) Main menu of the admin side application Main Menu: Provides the main navigation to access application features.
The application display on the admin side, to manage products, is shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9.
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Product Menu: Displays a list and details of furniture products.
The display on the order list/product order page on the admin side is shown in Figure 10, the admin can update the order status, according to the process that has been carried out, such as Figure 10 and Figure 11.
Figure 10.
Order list menu Figure 11.
Order status change display Order Menu: Manage product orders by users.
Order Status Menu: Displays the progress of the user's order.
244 Umar Tsani Abdurrahman.
Iskandar.
Kuncoro A.
Implementation of flutter in the development of an Android E-Commerce furniture application using the Sdlc Waterfall Method (A case study of mandiri furnitur.
In the product display in the client-side application, when the user selects a product, the product details will be displayed.
The user can add the product to the cart or mark the product as a favorite by clicking the favorite icon.
The application display is shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12.
(A) Product details menu display, (B) Favorite product menu display, (C) Order bag/basket menu display Product detail menu: Displays the detail menu on e-commerce products.
Then, to display the checkout order on the client side.
Figure 13 displays details for filling in address information and payment confirmation, then displays the payment menu details.
Figure 13.
Checkout menu for filling in address details, payment and order confirmation ISSN 2087-3336 (Prin.
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Check Out Menu: Process order confirmation and payment.
The Maintenance phase encompasses several aspects to ensure the system continues to run These include application maintenance, including bug fixes, adjustments and updates to Android features and the operating system, log analysis, and security updates to keep up with technological developments.
Conclusion Research on the strength and durability of natural fiber composite materials for applications in environmentally friendly automotive structural components shows that natural fibers have great potential as an alternative material to replace synthetic fibers in the modern automotive industry.
Based on the results of physical characterization, mechanical testing, and environmental durability testing, it can be concluded that composites based on kenaf, ramie, and bamboo fibers have competitive performance, especially for applications in non-structural automotive components.
Kenaf fiber composites have been shown to have the best mechanical properties, with tensile and flexural strengths approaching the performance of several synthetic materials, making them suitable for use in door panels, interior panels, and inner engine guards.
Meanwhile, ramie fiber composites show the highest impact resistance, making them very suitable for components that require impact energy absorption.
Bamboo fiber composites, despite having lower mechanical strength, still have the potential to be used in vehicle interior parts that do not bear high loads.
In terms of environmental durability, all natural fiber composites show quite good thermal stability, although the hygroscopic nature of natural fibers remains a challenge because it can reduce mechanical strength in the long term.
Alkali treatment has been shown to reduce water absorption and improve the quality of the fiber-matrix bond.
From a sustainability perspective, natural fiber composites offer the advantages of light weight, low production costs, and minimal environmental impact, thus supporting efforts to reduce carbon footprints and improve vehicle energy efficiency.
Overall, this study confirms that natural fiber composites are prospective materials for the development of sustainable automotive components, especially if accompanied by improvements in fiber modification technology and the development of more compatible polymer matrices.
References