J-Kesmas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Indonesian Journal of Public Healt.
Available at http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas p-ISSN: 2355-0643, e-ISSN: 2355-0988 Vol.
No.
April, 2022
Open Access
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Maternal Knowledge and Practices Towards Basic House Sanitation in Simeulue District Diana Fingki, 2Khairunnas Khairunnas Faculty of Public Health.
Universitas Teuku umar.
Indonesia Department of Nutrition.
Faculty of Public Health.
Universitas Teuku Umar.
Indonesia Corresponding author: Khairunnas, e-mail: khairunnas@utu.
Co-author: D.
F e-mail: fingkidiana1@gmail.
Submitted:22/12/2021 Revised: 23/03/2022 Accepted: 28/03/2022 Published online: 24/04/2021 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
35308/j-kesmas.
4639 How to cite this article: How to cite this article: Fingki.
D & Khairunnas.
Maternal Knowledge and Practices Towards Basic House Sanitation in Simeulue District.
J-Kesmas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Indonesian Journal of Public Healt.
: 18-23
Abstract Basic Home Sanitation is an effort to make the house and its environment healthy.
Houses with poor sanitation will facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, especially respiratory and digestive tract diseases.
This study aims to assess the effect of a Mother's Knowledge about the Importance of Basic Household Sanitation on sanitation practices.
The research method is a qualitative and quantitative method with a cross-sectional design.
Sampling used the purposive sampling method and obtained 57 samples, namely homemakers.
Data was collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews by visiting residents' homes.
Statistical analysis results show that waste management significantly affects maternal sanitation practices.
While the qualitative results using NVIVO show that the people of Babul Makmur Village have a habit of managing waste by collecting waste in open trash cans.
Some respondents immediately burned the garbage collected in their yards.
Some throw garbage directly into the vacant land and burn it if the debris accumulates in large quantities.
All wastewater generated from household activities and public bathing is discharged through sewers, leading to surrounding water bodies.
we conclude that there is a need for community-based total sanitation socialization Keywords: Basic Sanitation.
Mother.
NVIVO.
Knowledge Introduction Indonesia is a developing country that has frequent health problems.
Environmental health in Indonesia is still a concern because the implementation of basic sanitation in Indonesia is not yet optimal, marked by the high incidence of infectious diseases and infectious diseases in the community such as dengue fever, diarrhoea, leprosy, and hepatitis A (Sumantri, 2.
Basic sanitation is the minimum sanitation needed to provide a healthy environment that meets health requirements and monitors various environmental factors affecting human health.
Basic sanitation includes clean water and food processing facilities, latrine sanitation, wastewater management, waste management facilities, and personal hygiene by washing hands with soap.
Basic sanitation is a tool that will determine the success of the environmental health development paradigm, which emphasizes the prevention aspect more than the This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License treatment aspect (Picauly et al.
, 2.
Houses that do not meet health requirements will be closely related to environmental-based diseases, where the trend has been increasing recently.
Environmentally based diseases are still the leading cause of death in Indonesia.
Even in the group of infants and toddlers, environmental-based diseases account for more than 80% of the diseases suffered by infants and toddlers.
This situation indicates that the coverage and quality of environmental health interventions are still low (Salimar et al.
, 2.
Basic housing sanitation facilities are the minimum sanitation facilities needed to make a house healthy, while what is meant by the housing This fundamental sanitation problem is a problem that is often encountered in rural areas, apart from the community's low economy, which is influenced by environmental factors such as behaviour and lack of Knowledge (Wilujeng, 2.
Basic housing sanitation that meets health http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ requirements is 1.
House construction includes It collected data using questionnaires floors, walls, windows, ceilings, and ventilation.
and in-depth interviews by visiting residents' homes Provision of clean water must meet health one by one.
Quantitative data analysis used Stata 14 requirements, namely: physical, chemical, and software to analyze factors related to sanitation For disposal of faeces, every house practices, while for qualitative data, we used NVIVO must have a family latrine in a gooseneck outhouse and then created a qualitative matrix.
Qualitative complete with a septic tank.
Disposal of method using source triangulation.
wastewater such as public ditches and infiltration Data collection was carried out by researchers Disposal of garbage, garbage originating and assisted by field enumerators.
The questionnaire from households is disposed of in the trash/garbage used in this study is valid and tested in the field.
bin provided by the cleaning service (Talitha NR.
Before conducting data collection, we also gave informed concern to the respondents as a form of Housing that does not meet the requirements of consent to conduct interviews.
The questionnaire the five aspects above can lead to a high risk of consists of sections to obtain information under the disease transmission and environmental pollution, following headings: .
basic information such as age, causing health problems that can affect public health mother's occupation, mother's education, and the and ecological health.
Basic housing sanitation that number of household members.
does not meet health requirements will cause information, .
clean water information, .
The diseases related to the respiratory tract, namely ARI family toilet, .
landfills, and .
waste management.
(Upper Respiratory Tract Infectio.
and other We used this information to assess the diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, and other socioeconomic status of the family.
The hygiene and This disease is caused by unhealthy sanitation questionnaire included several closedhousing conditions so that residents of the house do ended questions related to the environment, food, not feel comfortable because there are no available and personal hygiene, which helped assess the sanitation facilities (Yarmaliza, 2.
mother's current Knowledge and practice regarding the three aspects of hygiene (Wilujeng et al.
,2.
Based on researchers' observations, housing in the Babul Makmur Coastal Village still has straight Results walls, does not have ceilings, ventilation, dirt floors.
Table 1.
Distribution of Characteristics no windows, and does not have proper latrines.
The Variable distance between the livestock barn and the residents' Mother's Age houses is close together so that the smell of livestock 24-29 Years 42,11 manure interferes with community activities.
Clean 30- 39 Years 38,60 water in the Babul Makmur Coastal Village, 40-49 Years 14,04 Simeulue Barat District.
Simeulue Regency is < 50Years 5,26 insufficient for the community's daily needs.
Hence.
Mother's Job
people use rainwater and river water for bathing and Contract employees 3,51 People defecate carelessly because they Teacher
1,75
don't have latrines, household waste is dumped in IRT
94,74
haphazard places, and garbage is scattered in Education Level people's yards because they don't have a temporary 40,35 garbage collection site.
This study aimed.
Based on junior high school
24,56
the observations, the author is interested in senior High School
26,32
researching Mother's Knowledge about the DII
7,02
Importance of Basic Household Sanitation in Babul
Bachelor
1,75
Makmur Village.
Simeulue Barat District (Dini et al.
Number Family Members Methods The research method is a qualitative and quantitative method with a cross-sectional design.
The research site is in the Babul Makmur Coastal Village.
Simeulue Barat District.
Simeulue Regency.
The sample collection used the Purposive Sampling method and obtained 57 samples, namely This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License 4- 6
Amount
14,04
73,68
12,28
Source: Primary Data, 2021 http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ Table 2.
Household Information of The Family use water sourced from springs for drinking because Variable Chi-Square the quality of water sourced from springs is more Clean water
apparent and fresher and, when consumed, also Dug Well Water
7,02
tastes better and is safer to finish even though it is Well Water
14,04
not cooked because it is directly sourced from River water mountain springs.
In addition.
PAM water connected PDAM water
78,95
to houses has a hotter temperature because the water Family Toilet content at the bottom of the soil in Babul Makmur There is 94,74 Village is hot, so there is a hot spring in the area.
There is no 5,26 Garbage dump
There is There is not any Waste Management Own
Do not have Total
28,07
71,93
22,81
77,19
Source: Primary Data, 2021 Discussion Mother's Knowledge About Basic Household Sanitation Most people in Babul Makmur Village, especially respondents, do not know the meaning of sanitation or basic sanitation.
This ignorance occurred because there was no counselling and prior information notification from the sub-health centres in the village.
But the community knows about the five pillars of sanitation in the household, which will be investigated if each post is described.
Some have implemented several pillars in the household well, although not yet perfect.
Several pillars have been implemented by most of the respondents, namely ownership of family latrines and clean water Mother's Knowledge About the use of clean Based on the study results, it can be seen that the source of clean water for the community in Babul Makmur Village.
Simeulue Barat District, comes from PDAM located in each house.
The community generally uses pure water for bathing, washing, and As for drinking water, people typically use water sourced from springs/showers and refilled gallons of water.
Even though it is sourced from a spring/shower, the water is still cooked before consumption, while from supplied gallon water, not all users cook drinking water before consumption because they feel it is safe for consumption.
In addition to water sourced from taps and eyes water, there are still primarily small communities using water from dug wells for their daily Based on research, these people more often This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License Based on observations, the community's water has met the physical requirements, namely, no smell, no taste, and no colour, so safe for consumption (Proverawati and Eni, 2.
However, it still has to be processed or cooked before consumption.
Based on the STBM Verification Pocket Guide .
, the water treatment can be one of the following, namely boiling water .
oiling 1-3 minute.
, filtering water, sodic .
, and disinfection .
, with chlorin.
(Akhter & Bloem, 2.
All respondents carried out processing based on observations, namely boiling water until it In addition, respondents also know that the treatment of boiled water is reasonable to protect water from contamination or contamination, namely by closing drinking water containers and cleaning containers regularly even though people primarily clean containers .
hermos, kettles, teapots, and water other.
if it starts to look dirty .
(Permenkes RI No.
3 of 2.
Mother's Knowledge About Family Latrine Ownership People in Babul Makmur Village still have the noted that many people who waste water ample in public latrines that type of pit latrine that is in the public baths.
The sampling latrine is the simplest type because its manufacture does not require too much cost and does not require land to manufacture (Mubarak Chayatin.
However, the cemplung latrine in Babul Makmur Village is made in a modern form, safe and comfortable to use.
The condition of the construction of the building is made like a public bathroom, usually by having walls, roofs, and perfect ventilation to prevent inappropriate views (Akhter & Bloem, 2.
However, difference with room baths public generally, pit latri ne which is located in the village of Babul Makmur made with the condition that only limited high wall insulation with 1-1.
5 meters for each room where the disposal and there is a small tub made of cement and http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ ceramic tiles that are continuous or without cleaning tools around the toilets to be cleaned every insulating walls for every room that contains clean day and after using the latrine (Arifin, 2.
water sourced from springs.
For the position of the The family latrine has a septic tank far from the latrine, each room is made of ceramic which is community's clean water source, namely dug wells intentionally not tight or, in other words, given a located on vacant land between several residents' hole about 100 cm for a place to defecate that is And fortunately, the septic tank has never not connected to the septic tank.
However, the dirt is polluted the ground surface around the house directly plunged and carried now by the water because it is complete.
The septic tank drain is flowing under the disposal, with the final destination separate from the bathroom, and dishwasher is to a body of water such as a river.
Using a wastewater drains are channelled into open bathroom with a sinkhole is still a habit of the and closed sewers in the However, people of Babul Makmur Village, which is difficult the ownership of a latrine in each place cannot rule to change.
This happened not because there was no out the possibility of respondents not defecating in public understanding about open defecation but the bathroom where the public bath is located and because of the lack of funds from the government leaving this habit.
However, this habit has never and the condition of the people who already felt caused a dangerous incident to disturbing the comfortable and safe doing this habit, making it people's health of Babul Makmur Village.
difficult to change it.
Based on research, several communities in Babul Makmur Village already have family latrines in each of their homes.
From 57 respondents, it was found that around 54 houses had one toilet in each house, and three places did not have one, so they had to use public latrines for defecation and defecation.
However, the 54 respondents did not use the toilet for every elimination but still used the cemplung latrine in public baths for their daily activities.
The latrine in the house is only used if circumstances and conditions do not allow it to go to a public bathing Based on the results in the field, the latrines owned by the people of Babul Makmur Village have met the criteria for a good toilet, which are generally the type of squat gooseneck latrine and already have a septic tank but do not have a cover on the lavatory and some are latrines with a toilet.
Most latrine constructions have floors made of cement and ceramic, so they are watertight, and walls are made of durable materials such as bricks or walls and have secure and sturdy doors and walls to protect the wearer from inappropriate views.
In some houses that have latrines, flies, cockroaches, and rats can be found around the toilet, so sometimes it disturbs the comfort of the latrine Several latrines were found to have puddles of water around them.
This happened because the position of the toilets was not suitable, and it could create pools of water.
The presence of these two things around the latrine can cause a smell that attracts insects to breed so that it can transmit several diseases to family members in the house, especially if the toilet does not use a lid on the hole.
But the community has understood to use the latrine properly.
Almost all latrines houses have provided clean water in reservoirs/buckets and This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License Mother's Knowledge About Household Waste Management The community in Babul Makmur Village manages waste by collecting garbage in open trash The trash cans used by most of the respondents are plastic waste and trash baskets without Trash cans that do not have lids can become breeding grounds for vectors and rodents to become a medium for spreading disease (Slamet, 2.
addition, the community also does not separate organic and inorganic waste so that all waste gets the same treatment.
Household waste produced every day is collected in an open trash can placed in the house's yard.
Once gathered, some people will immediately burn the rubbish accumulated in the back or the front yard of the house, mostly throwing trash into vacant land located rather far apart from the human settlements and then burning if the garbage has piled up in a number of the lot.
There is also direct garbage in any place around his house or on the side of the road when he wants to go to the fields, even though only a tiny part of the community.
This happens because there are no garbage collectors assigned to the area, and there is no fee collection for throwing garbage on any vacant land, even anywhere.
There is no safe treatment for the waste .
%), such as hoarding junk in holes, turning waste into compost, or reusing but directly burned at the garbage collection point.
Improper environmental pollution, especially from insects and rodents' disease vectors.
These vectors will multiply rapidly and become a chain of disease transmission for humans (Ningrum, 2.
http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ According to Slamet .
, vectors are insects The indiscriminate disposal of waste can pollute that spread disease, so their presence is alarming for the environment around the river and kill the biota in One of the diseases that vectors can the river.
It can become a breeding ground for transmit is dysentery caused by S.
Shigae carried by disease seeds that can infect humans if there is the Musca Domestica fly, pest caused by Pasteurella contact with river water (Entjang, 2.
Pestis carried by the X rat flea, and many other (Dwiyatmo.
Conclusion addition, the management of garbage that is not good may interfere with the aesthetics and The study results suggest that improvements in freshness of the air surrounding communities due to mothers' environment and personal hygiene practices certain gases produced from the decomposition of can significantly contribute to maternal sanitation waste by microorganisms that cause odour in the Thus, socialization among mothers in surrounding area.
Simeulu District about community-based total sanitation is needed.
Mother's Knowledge About Household Liquid Waste Management Disposal of household wastewater should not be disposed of carelessly.
According to Soeparman & Suparmin .
, household wastewater consists of 3 basic fractions, one of which is faeces.
The stool is the most dangerous fraction because it contains pathogenic microbes, which are the media as a breeding ground and breeding ground for infectious disease germs .
, germs/bacteria, viruses, and According to Suriawiria .
, one of the processing of human faeces is to use a septic tank and its absorption.
The effluent that enters the vessel/tank will settle, separated between the liquid and the solid.
Based on the research, household wastewater originating from bathrooms, latrines, used laundry, and kitchens in Babul Makmur Village is directly discharged into the yard without any prior treatment.
The final destination of the liquid waste disposal channel for each household empties into a water bodyAinamely, the river around the village of Babul Makmur.
In addition to household waste, wastewater from washing and excreta disposal and urine from public baths are disposed of carelessly, emptying into the surrounding river.
In addition to emptying into water bodies, there is also a household wastewater disposal channel directly discharged into the rice fields or pond behind the house.
There is no special treatment for household waste treatment.
The sewerage from the bathroom, laundry, kitchen, and the latrine is made separately, and in most of the respondents' houses, as much as 58% never cause odours and puddles in their yard, but around 43% of The respondent's houses created a pool of water and caused a smell in the yard of his house.
This happened because 75% of respondents' houses had sewerage in an open state .
%) and closed .
%), causing odours and puddles of water around them.
This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License Acknowledgement This research can be carried out well with the help of various parties.
Thanks to Universitas Teuku Umar for helping with this research.
Author Interest Contributions Competing All of the names listed above did research and wrote articles together.
all agree with the name as the correspondent and author member.
Reference