JOURNAL MIDWIFERY (JM)
Journal of the Department of Midwifery.
Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Gorontalo P-ISSN .
E-ISSN .
8-523X)
http://jurnal.
id/index.
php/JM/index DOI: http://dx.
org/10.
52365/jm.
The Relationship between Age and Parity in Pregnancy to the Incidence of Anemia in the Working Area of the Sipatana Health Center Ardha Nurul AhmadA.
Sri MulyaningsihA.
Levana SondakhA.
Rizky Nikmathul Husna Ali4
1,2,3,4
Faculty of Health Sciences.
University of Muhammadiyah Gorontalo.
Indonesia Email: ardhanurulahmad87@gmail.
com1 , srimulyaningsih@umgo.
id2, levana@umgo.
Rizkynikmathulali@umgo.
ABSTRACT
Anemia in pregnant women has serious consequences for both mother and baby, including fatigue, heart problems, infections, bleeding during delivery, postpartum depression, and even the risk of death.
In infants, anemia can cause prematurity, growth retardation, low birth weight, and even death.
Anemia cases are most common in those aged <20 and >35 years, and are at greater risk in mothers with high parity due to increased plasma volume and hemodilution.
Anemia management in pregnant women can be done through health education.
ANC examinations, and regular consumption of Fe tablets.
This study aims to determine the relationship between age and parity in pregnancy and the incidence of anemia in the Sipatana Community Health Center working area.
This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional model, with a sample size of 104 pregnant women.
The results showed that pregnant women at risk had a 0.
140 times greater chance of experiencing anemia based on statistical tests .
= 0.
, while mothers with high parity had a 3.
628 times greater chance of experiencing anemia .
= 0.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between age and parity in pregnancy and the incidence of anemia in the Sipatana Community Health Center work area.
Keywords: Anemia.
Age.
Parity.
Pregnant Women A2025 Ardha Nurul Ahmad.
Sri Mulyaningsih.
Levana Sondakh.
Rizky Nikmathul Husna Ali Under the licence CC BY-SA 4.
* Ardha Nurul Ahmad.
Faculty of Health Sciences.
University of Muhammadiyah Gorontalo.
Jl.
Prof.
Dr.
Mansoer Pateda No.
Desa.
Pentadio Tim.
Telaga Biru District.
Gorontalo Regency.
Gorontalo 96181, : ardhanurulahmad87@gmail.
Ardha Nurul Ahmad1.
Sri Mulyaningsih2.
Levana Sondakh3.
Rizky Nikmathul Husna Ali4 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
INTRODUCTION
Anemia is a condition of lack of hemoglobin with about 40% of pregnant women in the in the blood, which is generally triggered by region, the prevalence is high, in fourth place insufficient intake of nutrients for the with a figure of Ou40%, including Cambodia process of hemoglobin formation.
Anemia in 5%.
Laos at 47%.
Myanmar at 47.
and Indonesia at 44.
In Indonesia itself, hemoglobin (H.
deficiency, with a limit of the number of pregnant women who <11 g/dL in the first and second trimesters, experience anemia has continued to increase and <10.
5 g/dL in the third trimester.
since 2015 .
1%) until it reached 44.
2% in Indonesia, anemia is more common due to (Situmorang et al.
, 2025.
Skolmowska iron deficiency or known as iron deficiency et al.
, 2.
anemia, which is the most common disorder The results of the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) show that 27.
7% of pregnant 2.
(Cappellini et al.
, 2022.
Toole et al.
women in Indonesia experience anemia.
Zeng & He, 2.
prevent this condition, the government Anemia in pregnant women can have serious recommends that pregnant women routinely consequences, both for the mother and the consume at least 90 Blood Supplement Pregnant women with anemia can Tablets (TTD) during pregnancy.
In 2023, experience weakness, fatigue easily, heart the coverage of TTD in Indonesia will reach problems, easy to get infections, bleeding 5%, an increase compared to the previous during childbirth, and even risk depression year .
2%).
However, there are several after childbirth.
In severe conditions, anemia provinces with the lowest coverage, namely can lead to maternal death.
As for babies.
Central Papua .
%).
Aceh .
6%), and anemia can cause premature birth, stunted Gorontalo which are in the 17th lowest fetal growth, low baby weight, babies position out of 38 provinces, with coverage experience anemia from birth, and even lead In Gorontalo itself, the number of to infant death.
(Arfan et al.
, 2024.
Farhan & pregnant women who experience anemia Dhanny, 2021.
Maritasari & Perdana, 2.
was recorded as many as 371 people or According to the World Health Organization (Ministry of Health, 2023.
(WHO) in 2021, it is stated that anemia in Indonesian Health Survey, 2.
pregnant women occurs if the hemoglobin Judging from the age group, the most cases (H.
level is less than 11 g/dL.
Each year, of anemia in pregnant women occurred at the anemia causes more than 115,000 maternal age of 35Ae44 years, which was 39.
6%, while deaths and 591,000 infant deaths worldwide, at the age of 15Ae24 years it was 14.
The (Riandini world suffering from anemia.
In the ASEAN Ardha Nurul Ahmad1.
Sri Mulyaningsih2.
Levana Sondakh3.
Rizky Nikmathul Husna Ali4 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
factor of number of children or parity is cells with an expected value below 5.
The closely related to the occurrence of anemia test results showed p = 0.
< 0.
, so in pregnant women.
The higher the the relationship was declared significant frequency of childbirth, the volume of blood (Sihite, 2.
plasma in the body will increase, which A woman should always be cautious, results in greater hemodilution.
Mothers especially if she is pregnant or has already who have given birth more than three times given birth to four or more children.
have a greater risk of developing serious Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable complications such as bleeding.
This to health problems, such as anemia or condition is exacerbated if the mother nutritional deficiencies (Gumanti, 2.
experiences anemia during pregnancy.
Loss The results of Adawiyah's .
research in of hemoglobin and iron reserves due to the work area of the Samarinda Trauma bleeding will make the mother more Center Health Center show that parity has a significant effect on the incidence of anemia Survey, in pregnant women.
A statistical test using (Indonesian Health 2.
(Ariani et al.
, 2.
Fisher Exact yielded p = 0.
03, which means Nutrition is one of the factors that affect the that there is a meaningful relationship because p < 0.
05 ( Adawiyah & Syo Paulo .
Nutritional deficiencies, especially iron, can adversely Preliminary studies show that the largest Iron plays an important role in number of pregnant women in 2024 will be found in the Central City Health Center .
functions to carry oxygen throughout the peopl.
, the East City Health Center .
body, prevents anemia, reduces the risk of peopl.
, and the Sipatana Health Center .
bleeding during childbirth, and helps prevent Based on this data, the researcher congenital defects in the fetus.
(Toole et al.
chose to conduct a study entitled "The Zeng & He, 2.
Relationship between Age and Parity in Research conducted by Sihite in February- Pregnancy to the Incidence of Anemia in the July 2024 at the Aek Parombunan Health Working Area of the Sipatana Health Center showed a relationship between high- Center".
risk gestational age and the incidence of METHOD Statistical testing using Fisher's A sample is a part of the population that Exact Test, caused by the presence of two Ardha Nurul Ahmad1.
Sri Mulyaningsih2.
Levana Sondakh3.
Rizky Nikmathul Husna Ali4 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
population is less than 100 people, then it is Private taken in its entirety.
However, for a Honor
PNS
Total
100,00
population of more than 100 people, a sample can be taken as much as 10-25% of the total population (Arikunto, 2.
Based The population used by all pregnant women respondents in this study, it is known that the in the work area of the Sipatana Health majority of respondents have a secondary Center in 2024 is 347 people as the education level, namely 81 people .
9%),
population in this study.
The sample taken while respondents with basic education by the researcher is 30% of the total amount to 12 people .
5%) and those with population, considering the number of higher education as many as 11 people population of more than 100 people.
Thus, .
6%).
In terms of employment, most of the number of samples in this study is 104 the respondents were housewives (IRT), pregnant women.
The data obtained from filling out the respondents' questionnaire was transformed into numbers so that from employees were only 1 person .
0%), as this study in the form of quantitative data honorary 4 people .
8%), and as civil analyzed with a statistical approach.
The servants as many as 4 people .
8%).
The analysis of this study was assisted by using total number of respondents in this study was the SPSS program, to find the relationship 104 people .
3%),
between free and bound variables using the Chi-Square test with an error level set at 5% Univariate Analysis or a confidence level of 95%.
Table 2.
Age.
Parity.
Incidence of Anemia of pregnant women in the working area of the Siptana Health Center Frequency Percentage Category .
(%) Age
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Respondent Characteristics Table 1.
Respondent Characteristics Category Frequency .
Percentage (%) Risk
70,19
No Risk
29,81
Total
Paritas Education Primigravida
64,42
Basic Education Multigravity 35,58 Intermediate Total
Higher Education Incidence of Anemia
Total
100,00
Anemia
85,58
No Anemia
14,42
Total
Work
IRT
Ardha Nurul Ahmad1.
Sri Mulyaningsih2.
Levana Sondakh3.
Rizky Nikmathul Husna Ali4 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
Based on table 2 of the age of the in this study were at first parity or had respondents, the majority were in the risk experienced more than four pregnancies category, namely 73 people or 70.
19% of the .
, which can contribute Meanwhile, to the risk of pregnancy such as anemia, respondents who are included in the non-risk compared to pregnant women who were at category amounted to 31 people or 29.
moderate parity .
This suggests that most respondents are in Based on the data on the incidence of age groups at risk for certain health anemia, it is known that most of the conditions, such as anemia in pregnant respondents experienced anemia, namely 89 women, which are generally related to ages people or 85.
58% of the total 104 outside the ideal range of pregnancy .
ess Meanwhile, only 15 people or than 20 years or more than 35 year.
42% did not experience anemia.
The high Based on parity data, most of the prevalence of anemia suggests that anemia is respondents were included in the primi and a significant health problem in pregnant grandemultigravida categories, which were women in the study population, and requires 67 people or 64.
42% of the total 104 special attention in prevention and treatment Meanwhile, respondents who were included in the multigravida category amounted to 37 people or 35.
This data shows that the majority of pregnant women Bivariate Analysis The Relationship of Pregnant Women's Age to the Incidence of Anemia Table 3.
The relationship between the age of pregnant women and the incidence of anemia in the work area of the Sipatana Health Center Hemoglobin Age Total Anemia No Anemia Risk No Risk Total Value 0,034 0,140 Based on the results of the analysis, it was group, as many as 30 people .
8%) had found that 59 people .
8%) were at risk of anemia and only 1 person .
2%) was not anemia and 14 people .
2%) were not anemic out of a total of 31 people .
8%).
Meanwhile, in the non-risk age A significance value .
-valu.
Ardha Nurul Ahmad1.
Sri Mulyaningsih2.
Levana Sondakh3.
Rizky Nikmathul Husna Ali4 / Journal Midwifery Vol.
No.
2, 2025 .
140-times lower chance of anemia than the relationship between maternal age and the high-risk age group.
Thus, it can be incidence of anemia, because p < 0.
addition, an Odds Ratio (OR) value of 0.
significant effect on the increase in the indicates that the low-risk age group has a incidence of anemia in mothers.
high-risk Relationship of Parity of Pregnant Women to the Incidence of Anemia Table 4.
The parity relationship of pregnant women to the incidence of anemia in the work area of the Sipatana Health Center Hemoglobin Paritas Total Anemia No Anemia First & Grandemultigravida Multigravity Total Value OR 0,033 3,268 The results of the analysis showed that increase in the incidence of anemia in pregnant women with primigravida and pregnant women.
Discussion .