Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 5 Issue 3.
December 2025, pp 338-349 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Application of Slow Deep Breathing Therapy in Reducing the Scale of Pain in Post Section Caesarea Mothers in Jasmine Room.
Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional Hospital.
Wonogiri Indri Magfiroh Rahmawati1.
Zulfa Mahdiatur Rasyida1 .
Sumardi2 'Aisyiyah University Surakarta.
Indonesia Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional General Hospital Wonogiri.
Indonesia Article History Submitted: 28-06-2025 Revised: 29-11-2025 Accepted: 01-12-2025 org/10.
58545/jkki.
Copyright .
2025 Indri Magfiroh Rahmawati This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-SA License.
Abstract Background: Sectio caesarea (SC) is the act of removing the baby through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus to save the mother and baby for several medical indications.
Patients who undergo childbirth by SC usually feel various discomforts in the form of pain.
One of the non-pharmacological actions that can be done to reduce pain is slow deep breathing.
Objective: To find out the results of the slow deep breathing technique in reducing the pain scale in post-SC mothers in the Jasmine Room of dr.
Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional Hospital.
Wonogiri.
Methods: The research design used is a descriptive case Results: The application of the slow deep breathing technique for 2 days resulted in a decrease in the postoperative pain scale.
In Mrs.
the postoperative pain scale with a pain scale of 7 .
evere pai.
, the pain dropped to a scale of 3 .
ild pai.
, while in Mrs.
M the postoperative pain scale with a pain scale of 7 .
evere pai.
the pain dropped to a scale of 2 .
ild pai.
Conclusion: There was a decrease in the scale of post SC pain after the application of the slow deep breathing technique for 2 Keywords: Slow Deep Breathing Therapy.
Pain.
Section Caesarea Correspondence Indri Magfiroh Rahmawati.
Faculty of Health Sciences.
AoAisyiyah University of Surakarta.
Jl.
Ki Hajar Dewantara No.
Jawa.
Kec.
Jebres.
Kota Surakarta.
Jawa Tengah 57146 Email: indrimagfirohrahmawati.
students@aiska-university.
How to cite:
Rahmawati.
Rasyida.
, & Sumardi.
Application of Slow Deep Breathing Therapy in Reducing the Scale of Pain in Post Section Caesarea Mothers in Jasmine Room, dr.
Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional Hospital.
Wonogiri.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia, 5.
, 338-349.
https://doi.
org/10.
58545/jkki.
and preeclampsia (Nopriani & Utami.
BACKGROUND Cesarean section (SC) is a surgical Cesarean delivery is one method of procedure to deliver a baby through an childbirth involving a surgical incision in incision in the motherAos abdomen and the abdominal wall to remove the baby uterus, performed to save the lives of both (Sidharti et al.
, 2.
A cesarean section is mother and child for various medical a birthing process that involves making an incision in the uterus through the abdominal wall, aimed at minimizing risks transverse lie, cephalopelvic disproportion, to both mother and fetus during pregnancy Application of Slow Deep Breathing Therapy in Reducing the Scale of Pain in Post Section Caesarea Mothers Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 5 Issue 3.
December 2025, pp 338-349 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 or labor, while preserving the health and caused by tissue disruption due to surgical life of both (Melani et al.
, 2.
This pain can also lead to activity According to the World Health Organization (WHO), limitations, such as disability .
atients fear movement, resulting in restricted mobilit.
cesarean section rate in any country is and functional limitations .
nability to about 5Ae15% per 1000 births worldwide.
stand, walk, or move freel.
, all of which the United States, the cesarean rate has are due to the pain experienced (Utami & increased to 29.
In the United Kingdom Novryanthi, 2.
and Wales, it reaches 21.
4%, and in The severity of postoperative pain Canada, it is 22.
These data indicate depends on individual physiological and that globally, especially in developed countries, cesarean section rates are relatively high (Febrianawati et al.
, 2.
replacements for medication but are In Indonesia, the cesarean section rate has necessary to shorten ongoing painful increased over the years, rising from 2% in In cases where severe pain lasts 1986 to 16% in 2012 (Zalfa et al.
, 2.
The for hours or days, combining non- Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2018 showed that in Central Java province, methods may be the most effective way to there were 927,000 cesarean deliveries out manage pain, such as through slow, deep of 4,039,000 normal deliveries (Astuti et al.
breathing exercises (Nurfadlilah et al.
Nonare A cesarean section is a high-risk Slow deep breathing, also known as procedure, and the impacts include deep breathing, is a relaxation technique complications such as bleeding, infection, that reduces pain by stimulating the anesthesia-related central nervous systemAithe brain and embolism, and failure due to prolonged Patients undergoing cesarean which act as natural pain inhibitors.
Slow deep breathing is a conscious effort to (Rangkuti et al.
, 2.
One of the main regulate breathing slowly and deeply discomforts experienced by postoperative (Rustini et al.
, 2.
Based on research cesarean patients is pain, which results conducted by Delyka et al.
, there from the activation of pain receptors was a noticeable change in pain scale cordAito Rahmawati et al.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 5 Issue 3.
December 2025, pp 338-349 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 ratings among post-cesarean mothers had a pain score of 4, while their pain level before and after practicing slow deep was rated at 5 on the first postoperative Among 32 respondents, those The second respondent, on the first who initially reported moderate pain levels day after cesarean surgery, had a pain score dropped to mild pain after performing the Both respondents admitted they did slow deep breathing technique, with 27 not know how to manage post-surgical respondents reporting mild pain and only 5 wound pain.
still experiencing moderate pain.
Similarly.
Based on the background outlined research by Mariani & Murhan .
showed a decrease in pain scores, from an conducting a study titled: "The Application average of 6.
23 before the slow deep of Slow Deep Breathing Technique in breathing technique to 3.
14 afterward.
Reducing Pain Scale in Post-Cesarean Deep breathing relaxation or slow Mothers in the Jasmine Room of dr.
deep breathing is a form of nursing care Soediran Mangun Sumarso where patients are taught how to perform Hospital.
Wonogiri.
Regional deep and slow breaths .
olding inhalation maximall.
and how to exhale slowly METHODS (Delyka et al.
, 2.
This technique aims The research method used in this to reduce tension and anxiety by increasing study was a descriptive case study design self-awareness through focused attention aimed at providing an overview of the on breathing.
Deep breathing helps application of the slow deep breathing regulate the sympathetic nervous system, technique to reduce pain levels in post- thereby reducing pain levels.
Breathing cesarean section mothers in the Melati relaxation can reduce muscle tension and Room of dr.
Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional Hospital.
Wonogiri.
The primary hormones, which help block pain signals to tool for data collection was the Numerical the brain (Sanjaya et al.
, 2.
Rating Scale (NRS), which was used to Preliminary study results conducted on February 1, 2025, in the Jasmine Room revealed that two respondents experienced measuring pain levels before and after the varying levels of pain.
The first respondent, on their second day post-cesarean surgery.
The application of the slow deep breathing This therapy was conducted Application of Slow Deep Breathing Therapy in Reducing the Scale of Pain in Post Section Caesarea Mothers Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 5 Issue 3.
December 2025, pp 338-349 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 twice daily .
orning and evenin.
for two a 32-year-old entrepreneur with a G1P0A0 consecutive days, with each session lasting pregnancy, also due to KPD, who delivered approximately 10Ae15 minutes.
on February 1, 2025, at 10:00 AM.
She The study subjects consisted of two reported similar pain characteristics, with post-cesarean section patients who met the a pain scale of 7, but described the pain as inclusion criteria.
These included being on intermittent rather than continuous.
post-cesarean Data experiencing pain, having moderate to severe pain levels, and agreeing to observation, and documentation studies.
participate as respondents.
Exclusion The data analysis process employed criteria were emergency conditions or contraindications for performing slow deep breathing such as pneumothorax.
Ethical considerations were hemoptysis, extensive pleural effusion, and cardiovascular disorders.
including obtaining informed consent.
The case description involved two ensuring anonymity, and maintaining respondents: Respondent I (Mrs.
Y) and confidentiality to protect the rights and Respondent II (Mrs.
M), both of whom met privacy of the participants.
the established inclusion criteria.
Based on observations and interviews conducted RESULTS during the data collection phase, both Wonogiri dr.
Soediran Mangun respondents experienced postoperative Sumarso Regional Hospital Wonogiri, is a government-owned general hospital and Subjective one of the type B hospitals located in gathered to identify nursing problems Wonogiri Regency.
Central Java.
This related to their condition.
Mrs.
Y was a 34- year-old housewife with a history of services, supported by specialist and G1P1A0 pregnancy due to premature subspecialist doctors, as well as well- rupture of membranes (KPD).
She gave equipped medical facilities.
Additionally, birth on February 1, 2025, at 1:00 PM.
Her Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional pain was described as sharp, localized in Hospital Wonogiri serves as a referral the lower abdomen, continuous in nature, hospital for the Wonogiri region and its and rated at level 7 on the NRS.
Mrs.
M was surrounding areas.
Inpatient rooms for Rahmawati et al.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 5 Issue 3.
December 2025, pp 338-349 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 patients include specialized and intensive pain scale in post-operative cesarean care units such as ICU/PICU/NICU, section patients at dr.
Soediran Mangun Isolation Rooms, and Infant Care Rooms.
Sumarso Regional Hospital.
Wonogiri.
The General patient care rooms include infant sample in this study consisted of 2 care rooms, as well as various classes of care respondents who were Post SC patients in rooms, ranging from super VIP to i class the Jasmine room of dr.
Soediran Mangun care rooms.
Sumarso Regional Hospital.
Wonogiri.
The implementation was conducted directly by Implementation Results This implementation is a descriptive study aimed at determining the results of the researcher with the respondents.
The results of the implementation are as applying slow deep breathing to reduce the Table 1.
Pain Scale in Post-SC Patients Before Being Given Slow Deep Breathing at dr.
Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional Hospital.
Wonogiri Respondent Mrs.
Mrs.
Date February 1, 2025 February 1, 2025 Pain Scale Category Severe Pain Severe Pain Table 2 shows that before being intervention was categorized as severe given the slow deep breathing therapy, the For patients Mrs.
Y and Mrs.
M, both pain scale on the first day before the with a pain scale of 7.
Table 2.
Pain Scale in Post-SC Patients After Being Given Slow Deep Breathing therapy at dr.
Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional Hospital.
Wonogiri Respondent Mrs.
Mrs.
Date February 2, 2025 February 2, 2025 Table 2 shows that after slow deep breathing technique, the patients' pain Pain Scale Category Mild Pain Mild Pain Mrs.
Y with a pain scale of 3, and Mrs.
with a pain scale of 2.
scale was categorized as mild.
For patients Table 3.
Development of Pain Scale in Post-SC Patients Before and After Slow Deep Breathing therapy at dr.
Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional Hospital.
Wonogiri Respondent Mrs.
Mrs.
Day 1 - February 1, 2025 Before After 7 (Severe Pai.
6 (Moderate Pai.
7 (Severe Pai.
5 (Moderate Pai.
Day 2 - February 2, 2025 Before After 6 (Moderate Pai.
3 (Mild Pai.
5 (Moderate Pai.
2 (Mild Pai.
Application of Slow Deep Breathing Therapy in Reducing the Scale of Pain in Post Section Caesarea Mothers Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 5 Issue 3.
December 2025, pp 338-349 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Table 3 showed that the results of applying slow deep breathing had an effect section mothers on the first and second on reducing the pain scale in post-cesarean Table4.
Comparison of the Application of the Slow Deep Breathing therapy on the Intensity of Pain in Post-Cesarean Section Mothers Respondent Mrs.
Mrs.
Pre-intervention Table 4 presents data on the pain scale before and after administering the Post-intervention have severe consequences that hinder the healing process (Hafiah & Safitri, 2.
slow deep breathing technique on day 0 According to Umami et al.
post-cesarean pain is the most common issue experienced Both by patients after undergoing a cesarean experienced a decrease in pain scale.
section surgery.
Patients experiencing high
levels of post-surgery pain require special
DISCUSSION
attention, as it may affect their ability to Pain Scale in Post-SC Patients Before breastfeed and care for their newborns.
Slow Deep Breathing Implementation This aligns with the study conducted by Based on Table 1, it was found that Febiantri & Machmudah .
, which before undergoing slow deep breathing highlighted that pain following a caesarean therapy, patients were categorized under section is primarily due to tissue disruption severe pain on the post SC day 0 scale.
from incisions in the abdominal area.
Patient Mrs.
Y had a pain score of 7, while causing changes in tissue continuity and patient Mrs.
M also reported a pain score of Both respondents complained about surgical wound pain, described as sharp or complications, such as discomfort during stabbing, and noted that the pain early mobilization due to the intensity of intensified when moving.
Pain is an pain experienced after surgery.
Post- experience associated with actual or Pain Scale in Post-SC Patients After potential tissue damage.
it is more than just Slow Deep Breathing Implementation Based on Table 2, after undergoing a single sensation caused by specific Unaddressed surgical pain can Rahmawati et al.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 5 Issue 3.
December 2025, pp 338-349 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 patients' pain levels dropped significantly.
On the first postoperative day, patient Mrs.
Y's pain level decreased to a score of 3, breathin.
, music therapy, imagination while Mrs.
MAos pain level dropped to a techniques, distraction, hypnosis, cold or score of 2.
Pain is a personal and subjective warm compresses, cutaneous massage .
low Benson perceive pain in the same way.
Pain (Morita et al.
, 2.
Among these, slow, deep breathing is one of the most interfering with daily activities.
One commonly used and accessible non- pharmacological techniques for alleviating It involves teaching patients how to perform deep, slow breaths .
aximizing restore balance to the body, normalize inhalatio.
and gradually exhale (Delyka et pupil dilation, hearing, blood pressure, , 2.
heart rate, respiration, circulation, and relax muscles (Pangestu et al.
, 2.
This aligns with the study by Elimanafe et al.
, which showed that Caesarean section (CS) is a method pre-intervention assessments revealed 16 of delivery involving an incision in the respondents experiencing moderate pain uterus through the abdominal wall, aimed and one respondent with mild pain.
After at minimizing risks to both mother and implementing slow deep breathing, 11 fetus during pregnancy or labor and respondents still experienced moderate ensuring maternal and fetal health (Melani pain, while six reported only mild pain.
et al.
, 2.
Due to the surgical procedure, patients often experience discomfort due Development of Pain Levels in Post-SC to pain, which is subjectively perceived as Patients Before and After Slow Deep an unpleasant sensory and emotional Breathing Implementation experience related to actual or potential tissue damage (Multazam et al.
, 2.
Combining significantly reduced pain levels in both non-pharmacological interventions has For example.
Mrs.
Y's pain score proven effective in managing pain.
Non- was initially 7 on day 0 post-surgery but decreased to 6 after the intervention and According to Table 3, applying the further dropped to 3 on day 1.
Similarly.
Application of Slow Deep Breathing Therapy in Reducing the Scale of Pain in Post Section Caesarea Mothers Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 5 Issue 3.
December 2025, pp 338-349 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 Mrs.
M started with a pain score of 7, 0 post-operation and saw it drop to 3 on reduced to 5 after the intervention, and Meanwhile.
Mrs.
MAos pain score fell reached a score of 2 on day 1.
The technique from 7 to 2 within the same timeframe.
was applied over two days, each session Both participants reported feeling less pain lasting approximately 5Ae10 minutes.
Slow and more relaxed after learning how to deep breathing stimulates the central apply the technique independently.
nervous systemAispecifically the brain and cordAito This aligns with the findings of Safitri & Mualifah .
, who stated that which act as natural pain inhibitors slow deep breathing helps relax skeletal (Rustini et al.
, 2.
muscles affected by spasms caused by Several studies have shown that deep increased prostaglandin levels, promoting breathing relaxation effectively reduces vasodilation and improving blood flow to post-operative ischemic areas, thereby reducing pain.
reduction occurs within 5Ae10 minutes of Slow deep breathing aims to reduce applying the technique, helping lower tension and anxiety, enhancing self- heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, awareness by focusing attention on and muscle tension (Cole, 2.
This This technique regulates the finding supports the study by Delyka et al.
components of the sympathetic nervous .
, which observed 32 respondents.
system, ultimately lowering pain levels Initially, all were categorized under (Sanjaya et al.
, 2.
Significant moderate pain, but after the intervention, 27 reported mild pain, while five remained in the moderate category.
CONCLUSION
Based on the application of the slow deep breathing technique in reducing pain Comparison of Pain Intensity in Post- scale in post-cesarean section mothers at Section Cesarean Mothers Before and Soediran Mangun Sumarso Regional After Hospital Wonogiri, concludes that both Slow Deep Breathing Implementation Table before undergoing the slow deep breathing After the intervention, both reductions in pain scores after receiving respondents reported a reduction in pain slow deep breathing therapy.
Respondent intensity, with their pain levels categorized Mrs.
Y began with a pain score of 7 on day as mild.
The study also found that all Rahmawati et al.
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia (JKKI) Volume 5 Issue 3.
December 2025, pp 338-349 https://ebsina.
id/journals/index.
php/jkki eISSN 2503-2801, pISSN 2985-3435 respondents experienced a decrease in pain Hospital.
Wonogiri for facilitating this levels after implementing the slow deep Additionally, comparison of pain levels before and after the intervention revealed a significant decline in pain among post-cesarean CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this research.
mothers at the hospital.
For instance, patient Mrs.
Y's pain level decreased from 7 to 3, while patient Mrs.
M's pain level dropped from 7 to 2.
For DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable recommended to practice the slow deep breathing technique independently as a REFERENCES non-pharmacological pain therapy.
For Astuti.
Nasriyah.
, & Wigati.
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Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Pemberian Kolostrum Pada Ibu Postpartum Sectio Caesarea.
Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan techniques, such as slow deep breathing for Dan post-cesarean mothers.
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, 68Ae77.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Cole.
The impact of guided conceptualization, data collection and imagery on pain and anxiety in analysis Indri Magfiroh Rahmawati.
Zulfa Mahdiatur Rasyida.
Sumardi.
Writing and Management Nursing, 22.
, 465Ae The Indri Magfiroh Rahmawati.
Pain https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT