INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH
Volume 1 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Page: 103-118 E-ISSN: 3025-9681.
P-ISSN: 3026-3891
Submission: 31 October 2023.
Revision: 10 December 2023.
Publication: 30 December 2023 ANALYSIS OF ISTIFHAM SENTENCES IN SURAH AT-TIN VERSE 8:
A STUDY OF CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCEAoS SEMIOTIC Zainul Ashri1 UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta e-mail: 22205031035@student.
uin-suka.
Abstract Istifham sentence is not always a question sentence that requires an answer.
On the contrary, interogative sentence can function as a command sentence, news sentence and prohibition sentence.
In balagah science, this kind of question sentence is classified as a majazi istifham sentence.
It is a polemic in the academic world when balagah science cannot axplain the change of sentence function more clearly, only providing a theory when there are interogative sentence particles, such as the word Auhamzah .
A A.
Aor Auhal .
A A.
NEAin Therefore, this paper wants to explore in more detel the causes of the change of function of istifham setences using PeirceAos semiotic method.
Where the concept of PeirceAos semiotics is a process of interpretation derived from the semiotic process of objects and representations which will produce interpretants.
With the concept of PeirceAos semiotics, this paper focuses on exploring the interpretant of the istifham sentence in QS.
At-Tin Vwersw 8.
By using literature study and descriptive-analysis, the results of this research show that QS.
At-Tin verse 8 as an example of an istifham sentence when studied with PeirceAos semiotic theory will find three interpretations.
First, the istifham sentence in the verse is included in a potential question sentence that is still waiting for confirmation of the possibilities that exist.
Second, the istifham sentence is included in the majazi istifham which gives the meaning of the statement and itAos factual nature, itAos factuality has been recognized in the science of balagah, and Third, as an affirmation that the fairest judge and justice is found from Allah Swt, where this is conventional which is found from the semiotic process of objects and representations of the previous verses.
Keywords: Isifham Sentences.
Carles Sanders Peirce Semiotic.
Abstrak Kalimat membutuhkan jawaban.
Namun sebaliknya, kalimat tanya bisa beralih fungsi menjadi kalimat perintah, kalimat berita dan kalimat larangan.
Dalam ilmu balagah, kalimat tanya seperti ini masuk dalam klasifikasi kalimat istifham majazi.
Hal yang menjadi polemik dalam dunia akademik ketika ilmu balaghah tidak bisa menjelaskan perubuhan fungsi kalimat dengan lebih jelas, hanya sekedar memberikan teori bila ada partikel kalimat tanya Author: Zainul Ashri seperti kata Auhamzah .
A A.
Aatau Auhal .
A A.
NEAdalam suatu ayat.
Oleh sebab itu, tulisan ini ingin menggali lebih detail lagi penyebab pengalihfungsian kalimat istifham dengan metode semiotika Peirce.
Di mana konsep semiotika Peirce merupakan proses penafsiran yang berasal dari proses semiosis obyek dan representament yang nantinya akan menghasilkan Dengan konsep semiotika Peirce, tulisan ini fokus untuk menggali interpretant dari kalimat istifham pada QS.
At-Tin ayat 8.
Dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan, dan analisis-deskriptif hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan.
QS.
At-Tin ayat 8 sebagai salah satu contoh kalimat istifham bila dikaji dengan teori semiotika Peirce akan mendapati tiga interpretasi, pertama, kalimat istifham pada ayat tersebut termasuk dalam kalimat tanya konfirmasi yang sifatnya potensial yang masih menunggu konfirmasi dari kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang ada.
Kedua, kalimat istifham termasuk dalam istifham majazi yang memberikan makna pernyataan dan sifatnya faktual, kefaktualannya sudah diakui dalam ilmu balaghah, dan Ketiga, sebagai penegasan bahwa hakim dan keadilan yang paling adil didapati dari Allah Swt, di mana hal ini bersifat konvensional yang didapati dari proses semiosis obyek dan representament ayat-ayat sebelumnya.
Kata Kunci: Kalimat Istifham.
Semiotika Carles Sanders Peirce.
based on the importance or not of INTRODUCTION answering the question.
(Keraf, 1.
The istifham sentence or interrogative Apart from all that, in the study of QurAoanic interpretation, the book that has the highest literary value presents sentence has several concepts of use, how much, how, when, why, or whose reinterpretation or more depth.
One (Moeliono et al.
, 2017, p.
In example is the istifham sentence wich is normally used to ask questions, but interrogative sentence is to obtain in the QurAoan it has another function information, so it is not surprising that the interrogative sentence basically This phenomenon needs to be studied with requires an aswer.
However, with the various methods, because if it is only development of the times, interrogative sentence based on the answer are .
, divided into two, namely total questions .
science will only provide calcification of that require a yes or no answer which istifham sentences without providing is ore about the obligation to provide an an explanation.
Therefore, a supporting answer, and partial questions, which theory is needed to explain the process are questions that require answers Author: Zainul Ashri QurAoan, so that with PeirceAos semiotic meaning, one of wich is semiotic understood as the word salamah, as a LITERATURE REVIEW The heaven and so on depending on the representament that surrounds the discussion, but has been studied in object of the word salam, therefore the many previous studies, as well as the semiotic study of Charles Sanders word of praise, as another name for sentences in this paper is not a new Peirce.
For (Baihaqi, n.
, p.
There is also research on Color Symbolization in Istifham Sentence in the QurAoan: A the QurAoan: Charles Sanders Peirce balagah Analysis Study.
The paper Semiotic explains the recdaction of the istifham Analysis.
This produces as many as six kinds of colors sentence out of it is original meaning as in the QurAoan, nemely colors, red, an interrogative sentence to another yellow, green, blue, black and white.
meaning that can be know rfom the These colors are described in 33 verses composition of the sentence it forms.
of the QurAoan contained in 22 surahs.
So that some functions of istifham where these colors have differences in sentences, namely can be as sentences their use and sometimes one color has to negate, deny, as an affirmation and two uses.
(Hidayat, 2020, p.
From so on.
(Nurdiyanto, 2016, p.
In the results of existing scientific papers, addition, research on Charles Sanders the paper tobe done has a position to PeirceAos semiotic study has aso been redevelop PierceAos semiotic theory into widely applied in previouse studies, the realm of the study of istifham including research on the Meaning of words, where istifham words do not Salam in the QurAoan with Charles only stop at the study in terms of Sanders PeirceAos Semiotic Analysis, in balagah alone, but also need to be this study PeirceAos triadic concept is studied in terms of semiotics, in order very highlighted because so many to explain other causes of changes in words of greetings can be found in the the function on istifham sentences.
Author: Zainul Ashri Departing from the researcherAos (Suwardi & Syaifullah, 2.
interest in studying istifham sentences The in terms of PeirceAos semiotics, the documentation, because documents can halp to see things that have been produce research that will reveal the done before and to verify the validity of cause of istifham sentences changing functions from question sentences to (Djaelani, 2.
As for the statement sentences.
This can happen data analysis, this research uses a becasuse in PeirceAos semiotic theory, deskriptive-analytical analyzing the study literature relevant .
nterpretation/understandin.
to this research, so as to provide a sentence is produced from the process relevant and universally acceptable Then related to the concepts that surround objects in a validity of the data, the author uses So that the understanding source triangulation, namely testing the that will be found will vary, because credibilty of the data carried out by every object that meets or has many verifying the truth of the data that has representations will produce a variety been obtained through several sources, of interpretants, this has not been the author chooses this data validity touched in balagah studies.
selection because the reasearch in this RESEARCH METHODS (Sugiyono, 2.
A scientific study or writing will not be complete without a research
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Therefore, in this study Concept of Istifham Sentence the a author used a qulitative approach Istifham sentences in Indonesia with the type of research in the form of are know as interrogative sentences.
Arabic rules, istifham sentences are the masdar from of the word Auistafhama- recording, reading from documents in yastafhimu-istifhaamAy which means (Mandhur.
Author: Zainul Ashri U AaOIaEIaIaIaaCEaEaa aacEaa aA aAcEaaIacOa OaEO aNIaEaOA a:16/A aa a( aEIEaIA a AcEaE aIOA a a aANEa aEaE aa aaIa aEaIaIA a .
43 1996, p.
Then in terms of balagah sentences used to find out something Meaning: AuWe did not send before you that was not known berofe by using one (Prophet Muhamma.
, but a man to of several istifham devices.
(Al-Khatib, whom We gave revelation.
So, ask 2010, p.
In tersm of balagah those who have knowledge if you do not science, istifham sentences are not (QS.
An-Nahl .
: .
(LPMA,
much different from those difined by 2019, p.
Harimurti Kridalaksana, who defines Indirectly, interrogative sentences as verb forms (Kridalaksana.
QS.
An-Nahl .
: verse 43 emphasizes (Keraf, that someone who does not know or has no knowledge, should ask the of istifham sentences or interrogative experts or the book (Al-QurAoa.
, and the sentences, it can be concluded that istifham sentences are sentences in which there are elements of question interrogative sentences .
in explains the concept of questioning, if In Indonesian linguistic studies, ignorance about it.
In the QurAoan also (Yunus, 2015, p.
understanding about something due to tafsir book explains that the verse in 1.
From several existing definitions know batter.
Mahmud Yunus in his that contains a request to obtain those who do not know to those who interrogative sentence is a sentence concept of questioning does come from addition.
Gorys Keraf said that an terms of semantics are grouped into someone who has knowledge of the As in QS.
An-Nahl .
: verse confirmative interrogative sentences.
Informative interrogative sentences are interrogative sentences that contain Author: Zainul Ashri Istifham Arabic something and usually these sentences languace rules are also classified into have question elements such as words, two forms, namely istifham hakiki and what, who, how and so on.
Meanwhile, istifham majazi.
The istifham hakiki a confirmative interrogative sentence is sentence is a question sentence that is an interrogative sentence to get a yes indeed conveyed by someone who does or no affirmation of something asked, not know something that is asked.
Then so that the answer yes means agreeing the istifham majazi sentence is a question sentence about something (Pandean.
According Sudaryanto.
So that the istifham majazi confirmative interrogative sentence is a sentence no longer function as a question thar requires an answer, but sentence, the interrogative sentence is functions as a sentence of command, indeed aimed at getting justification or prohibition, denial, prayer, hope and denial from others.
(Sudaryanto, 1.
other purposes.
(Ali & Musthafa, 1951.
If a confirmative sentence only aims to .
When viewed from the difinition get a yes or no answer as a form of of istifham sentences or interrogative konfirmation from others, then it is sentences in Indonesian and Arabic, both have similarities, so it can be said that a question at any time can turn into particles kah, lah and so on after the problems and question and who say it.
As previously stated, the diversion of sentence will be found in the QurAoan, istifham sentences from their original because the QurAoan is This sourced from QurAoan.
Allah Swt directly who is omniscient because the QurAoan is a collection of and addressed to his servants who do revelations of Allah Swt, where the not know.
arrangement of verses has a very high aesthetic value and even the highest of Author: Zainul Ashri existing language or literature.
So that the word Auhamzah .
A A.
Aor the word the use oaf istifham sentences in the Auhal QurAoan messages stored in the verse.
(Al- Jurjani, n.
, p.
sentence,(Nurdiyanto.
There are several functions of a:2/a.
ECacEaIa aNIaaNa aIaaE aIA aaOIaaO EEaIaa acEaaOa aOIA a .
12-12 Meaning: AuRemember, it is they Taqriri function, taqriri function is .
as in QS.
Al-Baqarah .
: verse istifham majazi sentences that are often found in verses in the QurAoan, .
NEA, who do the damage, but they do not realizeAy.
(LPMA, 2019, p.
functions to stipulate something.
Equalizer where the sentence structure then followed by a prohibition same psition.
(Nurdiyanto, 2016, p.
Syarh .
: verse 1.
MuhammadAo.
istifham particle word has the example of this is in QS.
Asy- (Prophet .
NEA.
Auhal sentence before and after the (Nurdiyanto, 2016, p.
An the word Auhamzah .
A A.
Aor the particle of the istifham sentence Meaning: AuHave We not expended istifham sentence structure uses uses the letter hamzah as a a )1-1a:94/a.
EaEIaaIaaEEaEA .
For example in QS.
AlBaqarah .
: verse 6, aAcEA a aIaEaaOIaEA aOaaO aEO aNIaI aNIaIaEIaIaNaIA a )a 6a:2/a.
ECaOaIa IaOIA chest Ay.
(LPMA, 2019, p.
in Meaning:
this verse, the word Aualam .
EIA disbelive are the same to them, whice means is not interpreted so whether you warn them or not, that it gives the meaning of they will not beliveAy.
(LPMA, 2019,
In this verse explains the Ikhbar or notification function, where this sentence structure AuIndeed, disbelivers who are the same, usually uses istifham particles of Author: Zainul Ashri whether they are reminded or not 2016, p.
As in QS.
verse 17-18.
Hint aOaAOaaO aE a a AaCEaaNaEa O aIO OA a AOaIaaEEaOIaOIA aNaEOaIIaOaaOEaOaONaI a OA ca AEONaONA a .
18-17a:20/a.
aNA usually this istifham sentence is self-evaluation Meaning: Au17.
What is that in your matter,(Nurdiyanto, 2016, p.
right hand, o Moses?Ay 18.
(Mose.
as in QS.
Gafir .
: verse 82, a aAOIa aO aEOAa aEIa aCa aA a AAEIa aOaO aO aO acEA a U AEaaOIaa aIIaaC aE aNIaEIa eeOaEaaIa I aNIaaOaaC aOa Ua aOA aIa eea IOaI aN aIa aIaaEIaOaOE aaOIA a aOacEA a .
82-82a:40/A.
AuIt is my staff.
I .
lean on it, thresh .
with it for .
he food o.
my goats, and have other needs with it.
Ay(LPMA, 2019, p.
Meaning: Auhave they not traveled the earth, and seen the end of Motivation function, where the those who were before them? istifham sentence leads the ratio They were more numerous and and feelings to lean towards the more powerful, and their traces of civilization on earth were more sentence,(Nurdiyanto, .
as in QS.
A-aff .
: verse Ay(LPMA, 2019, p.
This aIA a A OOacN aEaaOIa a IIaO aNEa a aEacEaIa a EO a aaI aOEaIa aIA a .
10a:61/a.
EaEaOIA verse inderectly gives a message Meaning: AuO you who belive, shall to make history from the past as a I show you a trade that will save lesson and as a foothold to look to the future.
punishment?Ay.
(LPMA,
Providing understanding function, an istifham statement that has the Order function, where the istifam context of the verse after it, where sentence becomes it is own the question gets an answer as beauty value in it is composition well as providing understanding in because the meaning of the order the verse after it.
(Nurdiyanto.
Author: Zainul Ashri command,(Nurdiyanto, 2016, p.
(Wibowo, 2013, p.
In his age, .
as in QS.
An-Nisa .
: verse Peirce lived contemporarily with other leading philosophers, including Willian aAIaIA a acEEaOE aIAaOIA aOIaEEaIaacEaCaEaOIaOaO aEA aAIaaEaaOIaaOCaOEaOIaIa eea aIaA a AE aEaaOEIa aOE aOEA aAEaO aEOaUcA a AIaEaIA a aAIaN a aNaaECO aEE aaIaaNENaaO aEaEIaaIA a AaIA a )a 75a:4/a.
EIAuaO UA a aAOEaaEIaIA a AIaEaIEaaIA James.
Rosia Royce.
Ernst Schroder Meaning: AuWhy do you not fight in founder of pragmatism, where he the cause of Allah and .
believed that every theory should be .
connected to a sfecific experience or men,women, and children who PeirceAos semiotic theory was pray.
AuO our Lord, take us out of very influential on the thinking of other figures such as Willian James dan John inhabitants are unjust.
Give us a Dewey.
During his life.
Peirce was very protector from Your side and give productive in writing, so many of his writings, including is Illustration of The (Makka.
and John Dewey.
Peirce is known as the founding father of semiotics and the Your Ay(LPMA, 2019, p.
Logic of Science.
How To Make Our Charles Sanders PeirceAos Concept of Thoughts on Science.
The Fixation of Semiotics Truth,(Baihaqi, n.
, p.
and so on, in pursuing his career.
Peirce could not be semiotic figure born in 1839, pricisely maximized, because it was limited by on September 10 in Cambridge.
Peirce opportunity and age.
Peirce closed his was born into a highly intellectual Milfrod.
(Solihat.
Charles Sanders Peirce April professor of mathematics at Harvard mentioned earlier.
Peirce is known as Therefore.
PeirceAos intellect the originator of semiotic theory, in addition there is also another figure developed rapidly while studying at who is also known as the originator of Harvard and he earned his BA degree in this semiotic theory, namely Ferdinand 1859 as well as his MA and B.
de Saussure .
Peire in degrees consecutively, namely in 1862- America and Saussure in Europe.
Author: Zainul Ashri SaussureAos scientific background is the marker.
The index is seen from the causal relationship of a sign with a semiology, while PeirceAos background marker, then the symbol can be seen is in philosophy and logic, known as from the agreement of a group on a Despite (Wardani, 2006, p.
In addition, the representament also has three categories, namely qualisign, sinsign philosophers san be used as a basis and legisign.
Qualisign is the quality and reference in understanding the contained in the object, usually based science of signs.
(Lantowa et al.
, 2012,
on adjectives such us hard, soft and so Sinsign is the existence of an object The doctrine in PeirceAos theory is based on existing events or it is that a parsonAos ability to think is Legisign is the concept of because it is assisted by a sign, an object based on norms established because the existence of a sign in a culture and generally accepted.
indicates that there are external facts.
And interpretant, this third part is where these facts will help a parson in a further process of semiosis of objects thingking so that it will produce and representations for the meaning of a sign, so that interpretants are The PeirceAos semiotic theory look simple, but very detailed.
Peirce is known for researchers with the interpretation his trichotomous or triadic semiotics, (Mardiyah.
Interpretant has three parts, namely rhem, desisign and argument.
Rhem is Not only that, each of the meaning of an object based on the three components has three more existing concepts but it is nature still The object can consist of renges in possibiities, then Desisign is icon, syimbol and index.
(Hidayat, 2020, the meaning of an object with axisting .
The form pf the icon can be seen from the similarity of the sign with accordance with reality.
And Argument Author: Zainul Ashri is the meaning of an object with Meaning: AuIs not Allah the most justified reasons.
Not only that, the just judge?Ay (QS.
At-Tin .
discussion of PeirceAos semiotic theory (LPMA, 2019, p.
From the istifham sentence, that (Baihaqi, is a majazi istifham sentence, where it , p.
Firstness is an understanding of a sign that is still potential, then interogative sentence as the original.
Secondness is an understanding of a Because there is the addition of the sign that is factual because it is related particle Auhamzah .
Aas an element of to reality, and Thirdness as a level of an interogative sentence before the understanding based on conventional word Aulaisa .
A A.
EOAwhich shows a majazi or general agreement.
PeirceAos semiotic meaning as a certainty or necessity of theory is a continuous or non-singel something,(Abdussalam, 2023, p.
signification process,(Lantowa et al.
therefore the verse above no longer means Au Is not Allah the most just judge?Ay, but becomes AuAllah must be the most just judgeAy.
Indeed using the interpretant meets a new object and balagah point of view, the analysis that representation, so on and so forth.
So, can be done only reaches the change in PeirceAos semiotic theory is described in meaning from an interogative sentence the form of a continuous triangle, for example.
Object (O).
Representament presence of the word Auhamzah .
A (R) and Interpretant (I):
istifham before the word Aulaisa .
EOA.
However, when viewed from Charles statement sentence due to Sanders PeirceAos semiotic theory, the istifham sentence will have three interpretants, remembering that an I object will never have one interpretant Thus, by using PeirceAos semiotic Analysis of QS.
At-Tin Verse 8 a )a 8a:95/a.
EOIanaAcEEaE aIaaE EaIa OIA a aEOA Author: Zainul Ashri theory on QS.
At-Tin .
: 8 produces the verse becomes the object, several interpretants, including:
then the concept of the majazi The question sentence, where the representament, because in the question sentence in the verse is science of balagah it self the a type of affirmative question istifham sentence in the verse is So if it is formulated in clearly recognized as a majazi PeirceAos semiotic theory, it will be:
istifham sentence marked by the letter Auhamzah .
A A.
Aas a question representament and will produce element then followed by the word a potential to get confirmation yes nafi .
with the word or no.
This can be found in the Aulaisa .
A A.
EOAwich means not.
book of interpretation Jalalain.
Therefore, becomes a change of function confirmation yes or no.
This can from a question sentence to a be found in the book of tafsir statement sentence.
This can be Jalalain, where the mufassir gives found in the QurAoan Karim and it is a confirmation yes as justifying Translation which was translated the sentence.
Because in the by KH.
Zaini Dahlan with a team commentary of Jalalain, it is explained, it is said in the hadith:
Noersalim.
The translation of this when someone recites Surah At- verse is writen AuIs not Allah the Tin until verse 8 or untul it is wise rulerAy,(Dahlan, 1999, p.
finished, let him say:(Al-Mahalli & As-Suyuthi, n.
, p.
aOIaaEOAUAEOA question mark at the end of the a AIaaEA aA aNaOIA a aAEaEaIA, which means AuIt is true, and we are witnesses to it.
Ay Ministry ReligionAos KH.
Bahaudin The second interpretation, which translation which still includes a is still with the same structure, question mark at the end of the where the istifham sentence in Author: Zainul Ashri This last interpretation is the zarah, he will see his rewardAy.
(QS.
focus of this paper, but it does not Az-Zalzalah 2019, p.
Mahmud Yunus in Because it goes the book of tafsir explains QS.
Az- back to PeirceAos semiotic concept.
Zalzalah verse 7-8, it is clear that AllahAos Whoever does a good deed, even interpretation, where it is still with if it is as heavy as fine dust, surely the existing structure, namely the Allah istifham sentence in the verse Likewise, if he does evil then Allah becomes the object, then the will reward that evil.
(Yunus, 2015, previous verses in Surah At-Tin as For .
(LPMA,
the representament which will Secondly, from a sociological produce an interpretation that the point of view, humans as social istifham sentence in the verse beings are under the auspices of becomes an affirmation that allah is the most just judga among the Because first, from a where every citizen as a whole theological point of view.
Allah must obey the applicable law and created humans in the most the law applies to all citizens.
But perfect form compared to other in fact there is still confusion in creatures created by Allah.
Then the legal order, especially the Allah turned the situation of legal order related to justice.
human beings to the lowest state wonder everyone is equal before or condition because of their own the law, but not necessarily before In another verse Allah Therefore, says which means: Auwhoever does a zarah of good, he will see his sociologically, the verse in QS.
At- And whoever does an avil Tin .
: 8 can beinterpreted as an deed weighing as much as a affirmation that God is the most Author: Zainul Ashri just judge, in which GodAos justice PeirceAos Muslims.
This interpretation is the third level of Muslims.
CONCLUSION
majazi istifham which From the result of previous meaning of the statement and it is research on istifham sentences and factual nature, it is factuality has been Charles Sanders peirceAos semiotic recognized in the science of balagah, study, it turns out that until now there and Third, as an affirmation that the are still shortcomings that open up fairest judge and justice is found from spece for new research.
Based on Allah Swt, where this is conventional previous research, it turns out that which is found from the semiotic istifham sentences in the QurAoan only provide information that there are REFERENCE