SOSFILKOM
Volume XVI Nomor 01
Januari-juni 2022
ETHICS AND LOGIC ANALYSIS
IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE.
TECHNOLOGY.
AND ARTS
Mokhamad Yaurizqika Hadi/Angelmo Alves de Araujo/Astri Nabila Universitas Negeri Malang myaurizqikahadi@gmail.
Abstract This article was written to explore the relationship between ethics, logic and art and science.
The results of this article show that science is unlimited and in its use it should always be based on ethics which serves to contribute considerations about the good and bad, right and wrong of the use of Then between logic, ethics and art become an inseparable part of the development of science.
This research uses a literature study method by looking for various sources of data from books, journal articles, proceedings and relevant seminars.
Search for literature sources by utilizing the Google Schoolar database, the Garuda Publication Indonesia Index (IPI) Portal, nationally accredited journals (SINTA).
Google Books.
Printed Books and other reference sources.
Keywords: ethics, logic, science and technology INTRODUCTION The rapid development of Science and Technology (IPTEK) has now become a daily reality and is even a non-negotiable demand of society.
The main goal of the development of science and technology is to change the future of human life that is better, easier, cheaper, faster and safer, provides no small benefits for humans, to meet various needs and help humans overcome some of the problems they face.
The relationship between ethics and science is like two sides of a coin that cannot be separated.
In addition, when examined by nature, human ethics and science essentially come from religion and religion comes from God.
As a challenge in this global era, how to integrate ethics and science for all of us so that a synergistic, systematic and functional relationship can be realized for both of us.
Ethics does not keep science away, and likewise science does not leave ethics, but ethical scientists, and ethics with science.
Not only the relationship between ethics and science and technology, but also with art which has many meanings and meanings for human life so that they can apply ethics according to its meaning.
RESEARCH METHOD
The research method used in this Diterbitkan oleh FISIP UMC research is literature study or literature study by looking for various sources of data from books, journal articles, proceedings and relevant seminars.
Search for literature sources by utilizing the Google Schoolar database, the Garuda Publication Indonesia Index (IPI) Portal, nationally accredited journals (SINTA).
Google Books.
Printed Books and other reference sources.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Basic Concepts of Ethics Understanding Ethics Etymologically Ethics comes from the Greek language, namely ethos which means character, moral character or customs where ethics is closely related to the concept of individuals or groups as a means of assessing the truth or evaluating something that has been done, while in English ethics is ethics.
The term ethics comes from the ancient Greek The singular form of the word "ethics" is ethos, while the plural form is ta Ethos has many meanings, namely: an ordinary place to live, a meadow, a stable, habits, morals, feelings, attitudes, ways of thinking, while the meaning of ta etha is (Subhayni, 2.
The meaning of this plural form is the background for the formation of the term ethics which Aristotle uses to denote moral So, etymologically .
he origin of the wor.
, ethics has the meaning, | 42
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Volume XVI Nomor 01 namely the science of what is usually done or the science of customs (K.
Bertens.
The meaning of the plural form "ta etha" is what lies behind the formation of the term ethics which Aristotle uses to denote moral So, etymologically .
he origin of the wor.
, ethics has the meaning, namely the science of what is usually done or the science of customs (K.
Bertens.
According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), "ethics" has 3 meanings: The science of what is good and bad and about moral rights and obligations .
A collection of principles or values relating to Values about right and wrong held by a group or society.
Ethics is usually closely related to the word moral which is a term from Latin, namely "Mos" and in its plural form "Mores", which also means customs or a person's way of life by doing good deeds .
, and avoiding bad action stuff.
Ethics and morals have more or less the same meaning.
Definition of Ethics According to the Terms Ethics is the science of what is good and what is bad and of moral rights and obligations .
a collection of principles or values relating to morality.
values regarding the value of right and wrong, held by a group or society.
(Big Indonesian Dictionary, 1.
Ethics is a science that discusses how and why we follow certain moral teachings or how we must take a responsible attitude in dealing with various moral teachings.
(Franz Magnis Suseno, 1.
Ethics is actually more concerned with the basic principles of justification in relation to human behavior.
(Louis O Kattsoff, 1.
Based on some of the above thoughts, ethics according to Bartens, as quoted by Abdul Kadir, gives three meanings of ethics, .
Ethics is used in the sense of values and moral norms that become the guideline for Diterbitkan oleh FISIP UMC Januari-juni 2022 a person or group in regulating their This meaning can also be called a value system in individual human life or community life.
Ethics is used in the sense of a collection of moral principles and values, what is meant here is a code of ethics .
Ethics is used in the sense of the science of good or bad.
The meaning here is the same as moral philosophy Basic concepts of logic Understanding Logic Etymologically.
Logic is derived from the Greek adjective logike, which is related to the word logos, which means thoughts or words as statements of thought.
Surajiyo.
Sugeng Astanto.
Sri Andiani (Surajito et al, 2.
Logic is derived from the word logos which means words or words.
Another term used instead is mantiq, an Arabic word taken from the verb nataqa which means to say or (Mundiri, 1.
Understanding Logic According to Terms Logic is the science and skill of righteous thinking.
(Soekadijo.
RG.
Logic is a reasoning or thought that is regulated through words and expressed in (Jan Hendrik Rapar 2.
Logic is the science and skill of reasoning, thinking correctly.
(W.
Poespoprodjo.
Ek.
Gilarso, 2.
Logic is a method or technique created to examine the accuracy of reasoning.
(Soekadijo, 1.
Aristotle: logic is a teaching about thinking that scientifically discusses the form of the mind itself and the laws that govern the mind.
(Harun Hadiwijono, 1.
William Alston: logic is the study of inferences, more accurately an attempt to establish measures to separate valid and invalid inferences.
(Surajiyo, et al.
Understanding Logic in Daily Life Logic is a science in which the material object is thinking .
specially reasoning/reasoning processe.
and the formal object is thinking/reasoning in terms | 43
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Volume XVI Nomor 01 of accuracy.
Logic is a practical branch of Practical here means logic can be practiced in everyday life.
Logic was born together with the birth of philosophy in Greece.
In an attempt to market his thoughts and opinions, ancient Greek philosophers often tried to refute other's ideas by pointing out fallacies of reasoning.
(Bambang Kusbandrijo, 2.
Logic as a science where the material object is thinking .
specially reasoning/reasoning proces.
and the formal object of logic is thinking/reasoning in terms of accuracy.
Reasoning is a human thought process that tries to arrive at a new statement which is a coherent continuation of another known statement .
he premis.
which will later be Logic is also a skill to apply the laws of thought in practice, this is what causes logic to be called practical philosophy.
the process of thinking, there is consideration, describing, comparing and connecting one understanding to another.
Logical investigations are not carried out with arbitrary thinking.
The logic of thinking is seen from the point of straightness or accuracy.
A logical thought will be called straight if the thought is in accordance with the laws and rules that have been set in logic.
From all the things that have been explained above, it can be shown that logic is a guide or guide for thinking.
Contribution of ethics in the development of science and technology and the arts Ethics is an important thing in human life, because it is closely related that humans have customs which means having ethics in the human mind.
Ethics is a good or bad human action that occurs in human Likewise, science is used to refer to when humans know something.
The element of knowledge is knowing, being known, and being aware of what it wants to Knowledge is the result of human Diterbitkan oleh FISIP UMC Januari-juni 2022 knowing something, or all human actions to understand the object it faces, the result of human efforts to understand a certain Science is taken from English science, which comes from the Latin scientia from the verb scire which means to study, to know.
Ethics in relation to science means dealing with issues of value in science, both in content and in its users.
Ethics also has a relationship with art which has a broad meaning and a variety of meanings.
And closely related to art which has a broad meaning "art" .
can be said to be anything made by humans, and not the result of natural activities (John Hospera.
Here, a distinction is made between art in a broad sense and art in a narrow The object of art in a narrow sense is what is called fine art.
There are various theories about the essential nature and function and art Some say that "ultimate form" is the only attribute that is important to art.
Thanks to this characteristic, a work of art, especially visual art and music, can be recognized by various observers who come from various eras and cultural backgrounds.
Another theory emphasizes art as an expression of human feelings.
However, the word "expression" here can be intended as a process that occurs within the artist or what is implied in the work of art itself.
The first emphasis is what happens inside the artist, where he is stimulated by an emotional urge whose origins are only clear when he finds a form of expression.
This process is accompanied by a sense of relief and new While emphasizes the quality contained in the work of art itself which is an expression of human qualities and their experiences.
(Sunarto, 2.
Art has a theory and a broad or narrow meaning, but get it in a simple way that art is the result of human behavior as embodied in the good and bad behavior of humans contained in the human mind.
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Volume XVI Nomor 01 Although there is a great deal of variation in the ways in which the value of art is interpreted, there is fairly generally accepted agreement that the central norm for a work of art is its unity, which is often called organic unity (John Hospers, 1.
This norm emphasizes the unity between the parts of works of art, so that the parts must be integrated as a unified whole and In terms of works of art, if a certain yellow color is removed from a painting that originally had that color, the overall value of the painting will change In essence, ethics observes moral reality by examining habits, values, norms and moral views critically.
In the Ensyklopedia Brytannica explained that athichs is the systematic study of the nature of value concepts, good, bad, ought, right, wrong, etc.
and of the general principles which justify in applying them to anything educational institutions if ethical problems become involved in shaping character.
PA (Lukmasari, 2.
Contribution of logic in the development of science and technology and art In the previous chapter, the basic concepts of logic and ethics have been discussed, then the contribution of ethics in the development of science and technology.
Next is about the contribution of logic in the development of science and technology.
We all know that the philosophy of science prioritizes ontologically in characteristic of rationalizing knowledge is basically logic itself.
Therefore, the most important thing in the philosophy of science is not about understanding or not but logical or illogical.
Logic is basically a science that examines knowledge in the form of images and justifications that are already known as a path that leads us to unknown knowledge.
(Martin Putra Perdana, 2.
Martin further Diterbitkan oleh FISIP UMC Januari-juni 2022 explained that logic is also a tool to regulate reason which, if obeyed, will be able to keep us from misguided thinking.
So it can be concluded that logic is a science that views knowledge from the side of right and wrong.
Knowledge of right and wrong is based on arguments that can be justified with the suitability of reality.
Therefore, in the process of knowledge, the position of logic can be interpreted as the main door to obtain correct knowledge.
This is also confirmed by Alfarabi in the journal Edwin Syarif that logic is a tool to seek the truth of knowledge.
So logic is a form of reasoning to think systematically and rationally.
(Edwin Syarif, 2.
Then logic as a tool for scientific thinking includes two forms of reasoning, namely inductive reasoning and deductive Reasoning is the ability to see and respond to what is seen.
Because basically humans as creatures who develop With the use of systematic logic, then humans make reasoning based on logical and illogical which ultimately gives birth to science.
Science cannot be separated from deductive reasoning, deductive reasoning is reasoning that discusses ways to reach conclusions if questions have been asked about a thing first.
In the journal El-Banat stated that deductive reasoning is a framework or way of thinking that departs from an assumption or statement that is general in nature to reach a conclusion that is specific.
(Imron Mustofa, 2.
While inductive reasoning is a way of thinking to draw conclusions from observations of particular things into general or universal phenomena.
(Imron Mustofa, 2.
It is this reasoning ability that ultimately results in science whose rationality has been In the end, this reasoning activity cannot be separated from logic itself in the journal Widyatech stating that basically knowledge is very closely related to | 45
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Volume XVI Nomor 01 Reasoning activities cannot be done apart from logic.
Not just any thinking activity can be called reasoning.
Because reasoning is an activity of thinking according to the principle of straightness of thinking or in accordance with the laws of (I Nyoman Kartayasa, 2.
The science of logic in guiding humans to think correctly, logically and systematically has many benefits in the development of science, namely:
Make the power of thought become sharper and develop through thinking exercises.
Therefore, they will be able to analyze and uncover problems coherently and scientifically.
Making someone think right so they can put things in their place and do things at the right time .
hinking Makes a person able to distinguish the right line of thought and the wrong line of thought, so that one can produce the right conclusions and avoid drawing the wrong conclusions.
Help everyone who studies logic to think rationally, critically, methodical and coherent.
Improve the ability to think Increase improve the ability to think sharply and independently Forcing and encouraging people to think for themselves using systematic principles Increase love for the truth and avoid thinking errors, mistakes and misguidance Able to analyze an event (Ainur Rahman Hidayat, 2.
According to Vitaly Kiryushchenko in his writings, he said that the relationship of Diterbitkan oleh FISIP UMC Januari-juni 2022 logic to give birth to a science has been discussed by philosophers for a long time, especially in classical philosophy, which in the end is also closely related to the concept of aesthetics in art.
(Vitaly Kiryushchenko.
In the end, the development of real science cannot be separated from great curiosity which is of course accompanied by serious efforts through logic, reasoning, experimentation, refinement and daring to take risks and then produce discoveries that are beneficial for generations and become a reference for consideration for future the next generation to correct, refine and develop scientific findings.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of this article is that the relationship between ethics and science is that science is not limited in its use, it should always be based on ethics which serves to give consideration to good or bad, right or wrong from the use of science, so ethics becomes a reference or guide for in the realization of its Science in the teaching of ethics is an inseparable link.
Ethics functions as behavioral signs, so that the meaning of science is so beautiful and peaceful to realize perfection and In addition to ethics with science and technology and art.
The conclusions regarding logic with science and technology and art that have a real relationship cannot be separated from a great curiosity which is of course accompanied by serious efforts through logic, reasoning, experimentation, refinement and daring to take risks and then produce useful discoveries.
for generations and become a reference for future generations to correct, refine and develop scientific findings.
REFERENCES