BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Volume 10.
Number 1.
May 2024 AFratia Yunirahma Saragih.
Siti Noor Cahyati.
Wahyuni .
ISSN: 2442-6954 e-ISSN: 2580-2151 Doi:
https://doi.
org/10.
31292/bhumi.
Implementation of Access Arrangements for Agrarian Reform: A Case Study in the Kampung Tua of Tanjung Riau.
Batam City Fratia Yunirahma Saragih1*.
Siti Noor Chayati1.
Wahyuni2 1Geomatics Technology Study Program.
Department of Informatics Engineering.
Politeknik Negeri Batam.
Indonesia 2Batam City Land Office.
Indonesia *Corresponding Author: fratiasaragih@gmail.
Received: July 2, 2024.
Reviewed: October 4, 2024.
Accepted: October 31, 2024 Abstract: Access arrangement is one of the agrarian reform programs that continues from asset Access arrangements aim to provide assistance in capital provision, training, and marketing strategies to communities facing obstacles in their companies.
In 2022.
Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau served as the location for access arrangements.
data collection yielded various types of Micro-Medium Small Businesses (MSME.
, also known as agrarian reform access objects.
This study aims to find out how agrarian reform access is put into action in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau.
It will do this by using a qualitative approach and collecting data from the ground about the types of businesses that agrarian reform access participants run, the status of their businesses, the status of their certificates .
ortgaged or not mortgage.
, and how successful their businesses are by looking at how they've grown since being given more power and by mortgaging their land ownership certificates for extra business capital.
There was an increase in the number of participants who pledged certification from 40 in 2022 to 53 in 2023.
However, some of the participating businesses have not experienced significant development.
The constraints in the implementation of the agrarian reform access arrangement in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau are the lack of community understanding of the program, where not all participants are registered for empowerment training, and the abundance of similar businesses that are not balanced with existing market demands, resulting in competition among MSME players.
Keywords: Agrarian Reform.
Access Arrangement.
Community Empowerment INTRODUCTION Since ancient times, agrarian issues have been the foundation of economies, societies, and cultures worldwide.
Agrarianism encompasses ownership, utilization, and problems concerning agricultural land within a region or country.
According to Subekti and R.
Tjitrosoedibio .
, cited in Hastuti .
, agrarian affairs encompass land and everything within and above it.
The land contains gravel, stones, and mines, while tangible elements such as plants and buildings are above the land.
Agrarian reform is one of the issues regarding land, and it refers to a series of policies and actions aimed at changing the ownership structure of the land, addressing inequality in access to agricultural land, and improving the welfare of farmers and rural communities as a whole.
Law No.
5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles, also known as UUPA (Undang- All articles published in Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.
0 International license.
Saragih et al.
Implementation of AccesA.
Undang No.
5 Tahun 1960 Tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agrari.
, regulates the basic policy of agrarian reform.
(Martini et al.
, 2.
The point of agrarian reform is to provide programs that address the problem of poverty, improve welfare with national food independence (Alvian & Mujiburohman, 2.
According to Bachriadi .
, cited in Waryanta .
, agrarian reform begins with restructuring the control, use, and utilization of land and natural resources, followed by supportive programs to enhance productivity.
Agrarian reform is also called land reform.
Land reform was established to increase farmers' income (Qatrunnada et al.
, 2.
According to Limbong .
, cited in (Arisaputra, 2.
, land reform provides opportunities for capital formation in rural areas as a robust process of industrialization.
other words, implementing agrarian reform aims to create prosperity for individuals or groups within the community, whether through individual or group ownership rights (Junarto & Djurdjani, 2.
In this case, the group is a combination of individuals who have joint ownership rights, which are in one area and meet the redistribution requirements (Pandamdari, 2.
The Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency implements the agrarian reform program, which includes asset legalization, land redistribution, economic empowerment of reform subjects, agrarian reform institutions, and community participation, in accordance with Presidential Regulation No.
62 of 2023.
The agrarian reform acceleration programs include the terms "asset arrangement" and "access arrangement.
" Asset arrangement is reorganizing the control, ownership, use, and utilization of land to create justice in land ownership.
Meanwhile, access arrangement refers to the economic empowerment of reform subjects, with the aim of enhancing their welfare through land utilization (Ramadhan & Octarina, 2.
This means that agrarian reform does not only focus on land ownership but also ensures that land recipients can empower their assets (Lubis, 2.
According to (Maryani & Nainggolan, 2.
, empowerment is a developmental process that encourages communities to take initiative in initiating social activities to improve their situations and conditions.
Empowerment can occur when both the empowering and empowered parties actively participate.
Reform access is an activity where the government provides access facilities to the community by promoting productivity results through land empowerment (Amalia, 2.
The object of access reform activities is people whose land has not been or is currently in asset structuring and is used for businesses and other economic activities (Sinaga et al.
, 2.
The establishment of agrarian reform access continues asset legalization through the PTSL (Systematic Land Registratio.
This program is a land reform initiative involving certificates or documents indicating ownership or rights to land given to individuals or communities to ensure legal certainty over the control of land rights 94 BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 10 .
May 2024 controlled by legal subjects.
The legal certainty guaranteed includes certainty regarding the location, boundaries, land area, land status, and the person entitled to the land (Putra, 2.
Land certificates have empowerment potential and can be used to accumulate capital (Rohman & Astuti, 2.
Therefore, asset arrangement and access arrangement programs should progress in parallel, where asset strengthening is accompanied by efforts to open access to economic resources and financing (Saheriyanto & Suhaimi, 2.
Previous research addressing agrarian reform access arrangement includes a study by (Riyadi et al.
, 2.
in Sumogawe Village.
Getasan Sub-district.
Semarang, on postadjudication empowerment.
Riyadi et al.
's research demonstrated the success of the agrarian reform access arrangement, which led to an improvement in the welfare of the village community from 2009 to 2021 due to collaboration between the ATR/BPN (National Land Agenc.
of Semarang City and related departments that supported empowerment.
The empowerment carried out focused on dairy cattle farmers because the cool climate in the Sumogawe area makes it highly conducive for developing this business.
Meanwhile, this study addresses the program following asset legalization and empowerment, focusing on the success of agrarian reform access, whose empowerment is directed towards the MSME sector.
The weakness of the MSME sector lies in the lack of capital, management skills, operational skills, and market limitations (Suci, 2.
The gap between agrarian reform and community empowerment through economic sectors encompasses several interconnected aspects, including land ownership and sustainable land use, access to capital and technology, market and supply chain access, skills and capacity limitations, and the absence of integrated policies.
Addressing these gaps requires comprehensive and sustainable policies, such as providing access to capital, skill training, building market infrastructure, and continuous support.
This approach would enable communities not only to receive land but also to leverage it for long-term economic This research focuses on the indicators for determining recipients of agrarian reform access established by the National Land Agency, categorized as lowincome communities engaged in business activities.
By leveraging legalized certificates as a source of prosperity, these community efforts represent potential for development (Siami & Asmorowati, 2.
Agrarian reform is part of the national priorities implemented by the central and local governments (Nurdin, 2.
The implementation of agrarian reform access in Batam City started in 2021, with different targets set for each year.
Up to now.
Batam City has implemented agrarian reform access programs in five villages, namely Tiban Lama Village.
Tanjung Riau Village.
Tanjung Uma Village.
Tanjung Buntung Village, and Duriangkang Village.
The chosen research location among these five villages is Kampung Tua.
Tanjung Riau Village, designated as a reform village in 2020, with its land assets legalized and Saragih et al.
Implementation of AccesA.
registered as recipients of agrarian reform access.
Geographically.
Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau is strategically located in a coastal area, boasting a community port that has the potential to become a popular tourist destination.
The livelihood of the majority of the community in Kampung Tua is fishing and small businesses such as culinary ventures, seafood restaurants, grocery stores, and fish traders.
Through post-legalization empowerment programs, these small businesses receive training and assistance to improve access, fostering their development and contributing to the welfare of the recipient The implementation of this access arrangement impacts both the recipients and the surrounding area.
METHODS
Tanjung Riau Village is located in Sekupang District.
Batam City.
Riau Islands Province, with an area of 23.
90 km2 and a population density of 1,004 people/km2 in 2020.
Tanjung Riau includes a Kampung Tua characterized by Malay culture, covering 2% of the total area of Tanjung Riau Village.
Malay people dominate the Kampung Tua, located on the coast of Tanjung Riau, formerly known as Bugis.
The Tanjung Riau community has relied on fishing as their primary source of income from the past to the present.
According to the land agency's delineation boundaries in 2019, the old village, known as Kampung Tua, comprises four villages: 'Kampung Tua' (Ol.
, 'Kampung Baru', 'Kampung Ponjen', and 'Kampung Bukit'.
Figure 1 illustrates the location.
In accordance with Presidential Decree No.
41 of 1973 concerning the Batam Island Industrial Area.
BP (Badan Pengusahaa.
Batam, the holder of management rights in Batam City, grants privileges to Kampung Tua by exempting it from the management rights.
This establishes the ownership right over the land in the Kampung Tua area.
The granting of the right of ownership must meet three requirements: Kampung Tua does not fall under the protected forest area, it does not fall under BP Batam's management rights, and BP Batam has not assigned any location to a third party (Keppres RI No.
41 Tahun 1.
Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau satisfies the three property rights criteria, making it a prime candidate for the PTSL program's 2019 implementation.
The Mayor of Batam's Decree KPTS.
393/HK/XII/2017, which designates Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau as an 'Urban Slum Area', prioritizes its development.
This allows Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau to become part of the KOTAKU .
ity without slum.
program in 2020, ensuring its accessibility and environmental sustainability.
Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau's development program influences the community's economic growth.
One of these benefits is Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau's transformation into a tourism area, as it continues to preserve the history and values of Malay culture.
addition to these locations, there are also culinary tours offering processed seafood typical 96 BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 10 .
May 2024 of the local community.
This shift undoubtedly affects the economy, providing the community with the chance to establish enterprises that bolster tourism.
In 2022.
Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau carried out data collection and social mapping to identify recipients of access assistance, specifically those who own businesses.
The components of the social mapping encompass the location and target respondents, focusing on both registered and unregistered land.
Other components are family data, land tenure data from the perspective of gender equality, family welfare, potential economic sectors, economic constraints, companion assistance programs, additional businesses, women's participation, joint economic institutions, and stakeholder assistance (Direktorat Jenderal Penataan Agraria, 2.
Figure 1.
Researh Location Source: Delineation Map of Kampung Tua From The Land Office of Batam City The results of data collection and social mapping in 2022 indicate that Kampung Tua exhibits potential in a variety of business sectors.
The Standard Classification of Indonesian Business Fields categorizes the beneficiaries of agrarian reform access in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau into seven types of business groupings: retail trade, fishery, food and beverage provision, service activities, rental activities, manufacturing industry, and horticultural farming of other vegetables.
In terms of asset legalization.
Kampung Tua recognizes two ownership statuses: the right of ownership and the right to use.
Businesses and assets function as indicators for access arrangements and exhibit interconnectedness.
Assets with legal proofBanks can leverage assets with legal proof to increase business development capital, aiming for low- or interest-free loans.
or not mortgage the asset utilization status .
We understand asset utilization through interview-based Saragih et al.
Implementation of AccesA.
surveys and field validation.
The structured interviews were conducted face-to-face with the recipients of agrarian reform access in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau in 2022.
According to Newman .
cited in Rosaliza .
, interviews in qualitative research are essential for complementing primary data needs and obtaining the most recent and accurate updates We will conduct narrative analysis on data collected from informants or participants about the use of assets for enhancing business capital through the mortgaging of land certificates, relying on the information they provide.
The questionnaire includes reasons for mortgaging or not, the year, place, and duration of mortgaging, as well as the business condition before and after mortgaging.
The results showed that the National Land Agency and related departments did not organize business training for many registered Utilization of land by mortgaging land certificates for business capital enhancement was only carried out by a few of the registered recipients.
Furthermore, the relationship between business and the environment influences business improvement.
Kampung Tua, situated in a coastal area where fishing is a prominent livelihood sector and the majority of the population is employed as fishermen, has limited purchasing power from the sea's resources, only able to meet daily needs (Kurniawan et al.
, 2.
According to the RKWB regional committee chairman in Sekupang District, most registered community members receiving agrarian reform access are still not accurately Additionally, not all of the counseling and information provided are effectively communicated and understood by the community.
According to the survey on asset utilization status, nearly all subjects .
usiness actor.
expressed their desire to avoid debt burden, their reluctance to mortgage their land certificates, their ability to manage their capital, and their lack of immediate need for it.
The data processing of this research focuses on identification and categorization to create attributes for the map of agrarian reform access recipients.
We conduct identification based on implementation indicators, particularly the business types of the recipients.
The Standard Classification of Indonesian Business Fields for the year 2020 divides MSMEs into 21 MSME categories in Indonesia.
These sectors have 1790 MSME codes that detail the types of small businesses.
In addition to MSMEs, the implementation indicators include asset legalization through the PTSL.
The attribute table contains the year of legalization, certificate type, and asset utilization status, which proves the successful implementation of empowerment access.
We not only identify the recipients but also calculate their average income as an indicator of the access arrangement.
This income calculation uses frequency distribution to find the dominant income range of the registered access recipients.
98 BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 10 .
May 2024 Table 1.
Tanjung Riau Agrarian Access Participant MSME Code Code Description Horticultural Farming of Other Vegetables Fishery AuFishermanAy Fishery AuShelter/Cultivation of CrustaceansAy Tempeh Manufacturing Industry Edible Ice Manufacturing Industry .
ot block ic.
Cooking Spices and Food Flavoring Manufacturing Industry Coconut Manufacturing Industry Traditional Cake and Tapai Manufacturing Industry Cracker/Chips Making Industry Refill Drinking Water Industry Apparel Industry .
in Textiles Traditional Store Retail Trade Retail Trade in Livestock Products Retail Trade "Selling fishermen's catch" Fuel Retail Trade Cake Retail Trade Retail Trade AuOnline SalesAy Provision of Food & Beverages AuFood StallsAy Provision of Food & Beverages AuDinerAy Provision of Food & Drink: AuFood vendors are not permanentAy Provision of Food & Beverages AuProcessed Fruit DrinksAy Rental Activities AuOffice SupportAy Services Activities AuTailorAy Service Activities AuLaundryAy Source: (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2.
We grouped data on agrarian reform access recipients in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau in 2022, as shown in Table 1, and obtained 24 codes from 7 MSMEs categories.
Based on these codes, the business categories with the most variations are the industrial and retail trade
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Distribution of Participants The implementation of agrarian reform access begins with the determination phase, followed by data collection to identify training and empowerment for participants.
The determination of recipients of agrarian reform access in 2022 amounted to 200 households in three villages where the implementation took place, one of which is Tanjung Riau Village.
Each location targets community members engaged in businesses or livelihoods related to trade, with the aim of understanding the utilization of assets for the development of MSMEs.
Saragih et al.
Implementation of AccesA.
Table 2.
The Number of Registered Participants in the Agrarian Reform Access in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau Sub-District Number of Registered Total Source: Batam City National Land Agency 2022 Table 2 shows the number of registered participants in agrarian reform access in Tanjung Riau Village, comprising six neighborhood associations (RW) registered in Kampung Tua and its surrounding areas.
RW 01 has the highest number of participants, accounting for half of the total participants, with 97 participants.
The lowest number is in RW 02, with only 18 participants, while RW 03Ae06 has an average of around 20 registered participants each.
Distribution of Ownership Effective land tenure, established through a legal relationship by attaching land rights between the subject and object of land evidenced by a certificate, is termed ownership.
Article 16 of Law Number 5 of 1960 outlines land rights within the ownership concept, including the right of ownership, right to use, right to build, right to cultivate, right to lease, right to land clear, and right to forest harvesting.
100 BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 10 .
May 2024 Figure 1.
The certified land parcels in Kampung Tua.
Tanjung Riau Sub-District Source:
Land Parcel Map of the ATR/BPN (Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/National Land Agenc.
Batam City 2017-2021 The Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) in Tanjung Riau Village has been ongoing from 2017 to 2023.
The National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) has legalized 22,057 land parcels, according to their distribution data.
Figure 2 fully certifies the land tenure status in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau.
Based on the identificThe ATR/BPN of Batam City has legalized 1,410 land parcels, accounting for approximately 6% of the total parcels in Tanjung Riau, based on the identification results.
possess ownership rights, 396 exhibit use rights, and 116 remain unwritten, meaning they are vacant.
Table 3.
The Type of Rights of Registered Agrarian Reform Access Recipients Type of Rights Right of Ownership Right to Use Number Total Source: Batam City National Land Agency 2022.
Table 3 above shows the types of land rights from a total of 200 agrarian reform access recipients recorded in 2022: up to 115 plots of land have ownership rights, while 85 others have use rights.
This data is derived from secondary data identification results obtained from agencies prior to field data validation by researchers.
The certified parcels are situated Saragih et al.
Implementation of AccesA.
in both coastal and inland areas, with the land rights of ownership in coastal areas taking the form of the right to use.
In contrast, residents in inland .
on-coasta.
areas hold the right of ownership.
The ownership status of these land parcels serves different purposes.
The right to use, according to Article 41 of Law Number 5 of 1960, is the right to use land controlled directly by the state or owned by others and is granted through agreements to manage it to obtain production yields.
On the other hand, hereditary ownership rights are transferable through inheritance or purchase.
Indonesian citizens can only hold the right of ownership (WNI).
Figure 2.
The land parcels of agrarian reform access participants in Kampung Tua.
Tanjung Riau Source: Author, 2024 The results obtained from the field validation of agrarian reform access participants regarding parcel ownership, as shown in Figure 3, indicate that 188 parcels out of 200 participants have not yet been divided.
Two participants have parcels that have not been recorded by the National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), and two have not yet divided their In contrast, information from the respective parties .
eighborhood chief and resident.
indicates that the remaining 8 participants have either moved or passed away.
One out of 109 parcels with the right of ownership is leased, which is in line with Article 45 of Law Number 5 of 1960, as the right of ownership can be leased when they have the same subject as the right to lease (Permadi, 2.
102 BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 10 .
May 2024 Distribution of MSMEs Table 4 displays the number of reforma access recipients by sector.
When broken down by sector or type of MSMEs, the retail trade group accounts for 39 percent of the recorded access recipients.
This group includes small stall businesses such as snack stalls, grocery stall businesses, and market cake sellers.
Table 4.
MSME Sector Recipient of Reform Access Type of MSMEs Retail Trade Fishery Provision of Food & Beverages Services Activities Rental Activities Manufacturing Industry Horticultural Farming of Other Vegetables Total Total Source: Researcher Survey 2023.
Businesses engaged in fisheries with the occupations of fishermen and fish sellers are in the second highest position at 29 percent, which is a major factor because the community lives along the coast.
Saragih et al.
Implementation of AccesA.
Figure 3.
Distribution of MSME Sector Access to Agrarian Reform in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau Author, 2024 Additionally, the food and beverage sector, accounting for 20 percent of registered participants, is diverse and includes various types of businesses such as breakfast stalls, restaurants, fried food vendors, chicken rice stalls, and more.
Meanwhile, the processing industry, which encompasses semi-processed food, seafood processing, beverage processing, and drinking water refilling, represents 6 percent of participants.
This is comparable to the service sector, which includes 4 percent of participants engaged in activities such as tailoring and laundry services.
The remaining portion comprises the rental activities sector, which includes office supplies (ATK) businesses, and horticultural farming, which provides for vegetable garden businesses.
The MSME distribution map in Figure 4 shows that the area of residence affects the livelihoods of access recipients.
Access recipients living on the border of the coastline 104 BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 10 .
May 2024 mostly work in the fisheries sector, in contrast to those living far from the coastline, where business sectors are more diverse and fishermen .
are rare.
Figure 4.
Distribution of Business Status Access to Agrarian Reform in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau Source: Author, 2024 Based on the field survey results of 2023, the small businesses owned by registered participants of the agrarian reform access in Tanjung Riau Village are divided into primary and additional livelihoods.
Some participants also have other livelihoods, such as private sector employees, ship workers, house renters, and others, resulting in some businesses no longer operating.
The distribution map of access participants businesses is still active and not active, as shown in Figure 5.
Fourteen businesses of participants have ceased operations, while 42 firms do not consider their business their primary livelihood.
The main reason is the lack of interest from visitors to Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau over the past year, forcing small business owners to stop selling.
The survey conducted in Kampung Tua shows that the discontinued MSMES sectors mostly come from the retail trade sector, which was 50% .
out of 14 businesse.
, with 6 .
of them having ownership rights and the remaining being a right of use.
In addition to this, the MSMEs that were not sustainable were the Manufacturing Industry and Provision of Food & Beverages sectors with 4 and 3 businesses, respectively.
Overall, effective agrarian reform has the potential to drive MSME growth across various sectors, particularly those based on land and local resources, thereby supporting inclusive and Saragih et al.
Implementation of AccesA.
sustainable economic transformation.
Contrary.
For example, the fisheries sector, in which the communities gain direct access to start resource-based enterprises that align with local commodities, is the sector with the second largest distribution that remains sustainable.
Distribution of Income We group income, an essential indicator of implementing agrarian reform access, into several classes to determine the number of participants within a specific income range.
The amount of income impacts the success of the agrarian reform access program.
Income influences participants in the agrarian reform access program to take out business capital loans, enabling them to develop their businesses by utilizing their assets.
Table 5.
Monthly Income of Tanjung Riau Sub-District Reform Access Recipients 2022 Class Income Per Month 100,000 Ae 3,088,887.
Total (Participant.
3,088,888.
89 Ae 6,077,777.
6,077,778.
78 Ae 9,066,667.
9,066,668.
67 Ae 12,055,557.
12,055,558.
56 Ae 15,044,447.
15,044,448.
44 Ae 18,033,337.
18,033,338.
33 Ae 21,022,227.
21,022,228.
22 Ae 24,011,117.
24,011,118.
11 Ae 27,000,007.
Total Average (IDR) % (Percentag.
IDR 3,134,750 per month Source: Batam City National Land Agency 2022 Table 5 shows the frequency distribution of income among registered recipients of agrarian reform access ranges from the lowest income interval of Rp.
100,000.
00 Ae 3,088,887.
89 per month, totaling 140 individuals with a percentage of 70%, to the highest income interval of Rp.
24,011,118.
11 - 27,000,008.
00, which includes 1 individual with a percentage of 0.
The average income falls within the first class with a range of up to Rp.
3,134,750 per month.
This income is not fixed and is derived from the businesses owned by the recipients, so it can vary depending on the growth of each individual's business.
106 BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 10 .
May 2024 Distribution of Land Certificate Status The distribution of certificate status or proof of asset ownership of agrarian reform access participants registered in Kampung Tua.
Tanjung Riau Sub-district, obtained from the National Land Agency of Batam City and direct interviews conducted by the researchers are shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Distribution of Certificate Status for Participants in Access to Agrarian Reform in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau Source: Author, 2024 According to Table 6, 71 percent of the 188 participants do not use their assets as collateral to increase their business capital.
Meanwhile, 28 percent of participants use their assets independently to raise business capital, improve fishermen's transportation .
, and address urgent needs.
Table 6.
The Certificate Status of Agrarian Reform Access Participants in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau Status of Certificate Number of Participants Mortgaged Unmortgaged Total Source: Researcher Survey, 2023 Saragih et al.
Implementation of AccesA.
Interviews with participants who have used their certificates as collateral revealed that the collateralization primarily took place prior to the agrarian reform access data Most businesses that use their certificates as collateral belong to the food and beverage, retail trade, and fisheries sectors.
However, not many of these businesses have seen significant growth from collateralization.
The development depends on the utilization of the loan itself and the level of competition in the retail trade sector, which is not proportional to the level of consumer demand or purchasing power within the community.
In the meantime, fishermen borrow money to buy fishing equipment and fix their boats.
addition to using their certificates as collateral, capital is obtained through a fishermen's cooperative established to assist fishermen in Kampung Tua as an alternative means to get business capital loans.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the research on the implementation of the agrarian reform access program in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau, the author draws the following conclusions: The agrarian reform access program in Kampung Tua serves as an empowerment initiative for registered PTSL participants from Tanjung Riau Sub-district who are involved in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises.
These participants, classified as the pre-prosperous community, underwent social mapping in 2022.
The program strives to facilitate easier access to capital by collaborating with banks, enabling the development of small businesses through the legalization of available land assets.
Participants in the research on agrarian reform access have provided updated data for 2022.
The updated data encompasses the state of businesses and how land certificates are utilized for business development capital.
In 2022, the number of participants who mortgaged their certificates was 40.
by the end of 2023, according to field surveys conducted by researchers, the number of participants who mortgaged their certificates increased to 53.
While the Kampung Tua access arrangement program continues to operate effectively, it has not yet achieved its full welfare objectives.
Several factors, including the community's lack of understanding about the empowerment objectives of the agrarian reform access program, have prevented many of the participating businesses from experiencing significant This program facilitates access to capital and provides education and Several businesses have closed due to the heightened competition in the same business sectors, which hasn't coincided with an improvement in market and consumer conditions in the past year.
108 BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 10 .
May 2024
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author expresses gratitude to the Department of Land Affairs and the National Land Agency of Batam City, especially the Agrarian Reform Task Force field staff, for providing data to complete this research.
REFERENCES