JOIV : Int.
Inform.
Visualization, 9.
- January 2025 13-22
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
ON INFORMATICS VISUALIZATION
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL ON
INFORMATICS
VISUALIZATION
journal homepage : w.
org/index.
php/joiv Systematic Literature Review on Persuasive System Design Framework for Managing Curriculum Performance Syamir Thaqif Saifunnizam a.
Mohd Farhan Md Fudzee a.
Muhamad Hanif Jofri a.
Shahreen Kasim a.
Deshinta Arrova Dewi b.
Mohamad Safwan Arshad c.
Yulherniwati d University Tun Hussein Onn.
Parit Raja.
Johor.
Malaysia INTI International University.
Nilai.
Negeri Sembilan.
Malaysia.
Malaysia MZR Global Sdn Bhd.
Shah Alam.
Selangor.
Malaysia.
Malaysia Department of Information Technology.
Politeknik Negeri Padang.
Padang.
Indonesia Corresponding author: *farhan@uthm.
AbstractAiIntegrating digital resources into educational assessment has led to the widespread adoption of e-portfolios as tools for documenting and evaluating student achievement, thereby transforming traditional evaluation methods.
However, the existing frameworks primarily focus on assessing academic performance, often neglecting the comprehensive monitoring of studentAos cocurricular activities.
To overcome current gaps in comprehensive student evaluation, this study introduces a conceptual framework incorporating persuasive system design (PSD) into an e-portfolio to facilitate efficient co-curricular performance monitoring in Malaysian secondary schools.
To ensure a thorough approach to educational evaluation, it is essential to effectively monitor and manage academic and extracurricular performance to understand student progress comprehensively.
By adding Physical Activity.
Sports, and Co-curriculum Assessment (PAJSK) Ae specific categories and key PSD elements- primary task support, dialogue support, system credibility support, and social support- that are all designed to improve user engagement and system dependability in an educational environment, the framework builds on the Oinas-Kukkonen and Harijumaa PSD Model.
This study adapts and discusses the persuasive design elements to meet the goals of educational assessment frameworks by comparing PSD implementation in e-health, e-tourism, ecommerce, and e-learning.
The results offer an overview of developing a practical, engaging e-portfolio framework that facilitates comprehensive student evaluation, especially in educational environments focusing on co-curricular achievement.
KeywordsAie-Portfolio.
persuasive system design.
PSD
Manuscript received 5 Dec.
revised 9 Apr.
accepted 18 Nov.
Date of publication 31 Jan.
International Journal on Informatics Visualization is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.
0 International License.
instructional performance, inspiring critical thinking, and advancing professional development .
Next, an e-portfolio provides teachers with the chance to reflect on their experiences and offer the examinee feedback as a result .
kind of cooperative mentality helps the teachers to learn and advance as professionals because all the records of their performance and progress are up to date .
Educators have shown interest in the e-Portfolio, an academic innovation .
Compared to traditional portfolios, e-portfolios offer several benefits such as accessibility, simplicity in copying and storing, continuous updating, and the ability to incorporate audio and video content and hyperlinks for a more dynamic display of content .
Information system (IS) designs that have the potential to positively influence or negatively affect peopleAos attitudes, behaviors, or decision-making are collectively referred to as INTRODUCTION In the 21st century, global society faces significant changes, and the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) facilitates more integration and expedites the communication process .
The global COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in 2020, has significantly changed many aspects of human life, including education .
The application of technology in student learning evaluation has emerged as an innovative approach, transforming traditional assessment methods into digital formats, with the e-portfolio serving as a prominent example.
The traditional examination-oriented education system must adapt to globalization by incorporating information technology into teaching, learning, and evaluation.
Eportfolio can be used for a variety of purposes, including These automated Web-based health behaviors change programs may be inexpensive and widely applicable.
Technology-based interventions for both physical and mental health have given rise to some terms, including computermediated interventions, online therapy.
Web-based therapy, cybertherapy, digital therapy, e-therapy, e-health, einterventions, and digital interventions .
e-health enhancing data gathering, spreading knowledge and awareness, conducting real-time remote telemonitoring, or more efficiently providing healthcare services .
One of example a persuasive game-based health initiative called Rightway Cafy uses competitiveness to encourage good eating and exercise .
To help their avatars achieve a healthy weight, users must control the everyday activities of their avatars, including calorie intake and physical activity .
persuasive system design (PSD) .
PSD can increase usersAo motivation and engagement to change their attitudes, actions, or decisions in a positive way .
Today, persuasive technology can be used in a wide range of applications, including robotics, stand-alone programs, portable devices, web-based applications, computerized toys, and games .
However, studies have shown that this strategy could not work for persuasion because different user types are influenced by different persuasive techniques .
The potential for using information technology as a tool for persuasion has increased to the point where persuasion systems can operate smoothly and even subtly on the devices that people carry with them nearly all the time thanks to advancements in information systems, their interfaces, and ever-increasing connectivity .
Persuasive designs are sometimes visual objects meant to have a g-ood or negative impact on peopleAos actions.
This can help them reach their goals and enhance their well-being .
Furthermore, one of the assessments available in the school-based assessment is the Physical Activity.
Sports, and Co-curriculum Assessment (PAJSK).
Teachers must interpret the five components of PAJSK.
Sport or game, club, and uniformed .
M1S) .
Standard National Physical Fitness (SEGAK).
Body Mass Index (BMI), athletics, co-curricular activities, and extracurricular activities comprise the PAJSK.
The PAJSK is a tool for measuring physical activity involvement and evaluating health and physical activity, extracurriculars, co-curriculars, and sports.
Unfortunately, due to the necessity of teaching while assessing students, teachers encounter an increasing administrative burden to complete, making teaching the primary goal more and more The burden of current teachers will increase even more with the implementation of PAJSK.
Because of this, teachers lack the motivation to implement PAJSK.
Unfortunately, maintaining teachersAo engagement and motivation to use the PAJSK system effectively is one of the issues associated with using it for performance assessment.
Based on previous studies, persuasive techniques such as rewards praise can improve motivation and engagement .
however, the way the user interface (UI) and the content are designed affects how effectively e-Portfolio is.
In addition, based on previous case studies, different techniques or features are needed due to the variety of student environments .
Not all behavioral changes are positive when utilizing e-learning systems with persuasive characteristics, as observed in studies on behavioral outcomes .
Next, students are prone to respond favorably to rewards other than competition, social comparison, and social learning strategies .
This indicates that the Reward techniques may be the most successful in inspiring students to study more or put in more effort .
Also, .
stated that the working group came to the intriguing conclusion that methods like praise and rewards .
oth under dialogue suppor.
need to be applied effectively to encourage intrinsic learning .
Furthermore, many types of system domains apply PSD, for example, e-Commerce, tourism, e-health, and e-Learning.
Persuasive System Design in e-Tourism Tourism has changed in step with technology, fundamentally altering both the travel business and how we see it .
Information and communication technologies (ICT) are gradually becoming more important in providing the tourism industry an edge over its competitors, which changes how travelers behave and the tourism sector .
addition, e-Tourism is digitalizing all travel, tourist, hospitality, and catering industry operations and value chains to enhance organizational performance and efficiency .
Moreover, e-tourism destinations should be innovative and engaging and enhance the overall travel experience for all visitors .
Persuasive System Design in e-Commerce Building an online store or business website is now simpler than ever.
For businesses of all sizes, from startups to industry titans in this new digital age, having a website is essential to their expansion.
e-Commerce it engages users and offers helpful content to draw in prospective clients .
Ecommerce implies that a userAos motive for shopping can predict whether they would purchase the product .
Enhancing e-commerce applications' persuasiveness can be achieved by assisting users in approaching the desired behavior and lowering the effort needed .
Also, in ecommerce, persuasive design may be quite helpful in boosting sales and retaining customers .
In addition, a digital catalog is a fantastic example of a persuasive tool that can be used in e-commerce to influence customer demands and inform special offers and promotions .
Persuasive System Design in e-Learning E-learning is a platform or medium that offers educational functions like tracking student progress and distributing training materials and activities .
The most recent elearning shift from a centralized, traditional education system to an interactive, communicative online learning system is supported by the development of Web 2.
0 technologies .
suggests defining a persuasive educational system (PES) as an interactive system created for a learning environment that enables students to develop, modify, or reinforce the best attitudes or behaviors for learning with persuasive tactics.
Since technology gives students individualized and personalized links that enhance real-time involvement, .
views this as an enormous contribution.
Another famous e- Persuasive System Design in e-Health In recent years, persuasive design has become a crucial component of electronic health .
Healt.
Persuasive technology aims to influence people's benefits and actions .
and fulfilling by applying compelling design concepts.
Implementing strategies like reduction and simulation can also keep teachers' attention and encourage them to continue using e-portfolio systems.
The new framework this study proposed could lead to the creation of a more effective e-portfolio system tailored to cocurricular performance.
The framework incorporates a persuasive model by .
: primary task support, dialogue support, system credibility support, and social support.
According to the studyAos authors, this framework might be utilized to create e-portfolio systems that are more engaging, motivating, and satisfying for both teachers and students.
There are three objectives of this paper.
Firstly, it aims to investigate and evaluate current portfolio management system design approaches in educational settings.
Secondly, it seeks essential elements and techniques from the current PSD model that can be adapted for school portfolio management, especially for co-curricular performances.
Third, this paper proposes a conceptual PSD framework for managing school portfolios by synthesizing insights from other studies.
thorough analysis of literature published between 2010 and 2024 is part of this paperAos scope to make sure the result represents the most recent developments and trends in PSD The review will focus on empirical research, theoretical papers, case studies, and reviews that address PSD frameworks in educational tools- particularly e-portfolio Opinion pieces and non-peer-reviewed articles will not be accepted.
A clear organizational structure is used in the paper to help readers comprehend the material.
The systematic reviewAos methodology is fully described in the methodology section, including the keywords to be searched, the selection and exclusion criteria, the guiding research questions, and the quality evaluation parameters for the chosen articles.
Building on this foundation, the AuResultsAy section painstakingly breaks down the selection procedure and provides findings consistent with the predetermined study topics.
The technological fundamentals, quality results, and key findings .
ncluding the scope, achievements, limitations, and future direction.
of each study are covered in detail in this part.
The findings are then thoroughly examined in the AuDiscussionAy section, highlighting new developments, knowledge gaps, potential limitations, and opportunities in using e-portfolios for education, particularly in co-curricular activities.
Lastly, the AuConclusionAy section provides insightful information to direct future research efforts in this field and essentially summarizes the key conclusions of the systematic review.
learning platform is Edmodo.
Edmodo can improve learning process effectiveness, boost student participation, and include multimedia in the teaching and learning process .
Using e-portfolios in school can help teachers manage students' performance effectively, especially for co-curricular The purpose of this research is to develop a conceptual framework.
The results can enhance student performance and help develop a more effective e-portfolio for This study aims to provide a thorough framework for managing school portfolios that uses Persuasive System Design (PSD) principles.
Through PSD integration, the framework aims to improve overall student performance management, especially in co-curricular activities, increase teacher engagement, and simplify assessment procedures.
the 21st century, applying technology to evaluate student learning has emerged as an innovative method for converting traditional assessment into digital assessment.
an e-portfolio is one of the digital assessments.
Why it is vital to apply PSD because it can increase usersAo motivation and engagement to change their attitudes, actions, or decisions in a positive way .
stated that PSD encourages users to keep user use the apps.
A better e-portfolio system that could have an impact and guarantee its efficacy would remain a fantasy without proper planning and study.
Without meticulous planning and research, a better e-portfolio framework might make a difference and ensure its effectiveness would stay a Several difficulties are associated with the Physical Activity.
Sports, and Co-curriculum Assessment (PAJSK) system as it is now implemented in Malaysian schools, especially for the teachers responsible for evaluating their students' extracurricular activities.
The PAJSK evaluation encompasses various elements, such as co-curricular activities, sports, clubs, uniformed units, body mass index (BMI), and standard national physical fitness (SEGAK).
These components together put a significant administrative load on teachers.
Consequently, teachers encounter excessive work, juggling teaching and administrative responsibilities, reducing their ability to focus on teaching.
Findings from previous studies show that the proposed framework must be applied properly to encourage intrinsic Previous studies have indicated that implementing a teaching protocol that supports the integration of many components may enhance students' motivation to participate actively in online learning .
Next, it can be challenging to determine who is most likely to be motivated by specific PSD methods .
To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of a framework that combines persuasive design concepts with the development of an e-portfolio system tailored to co-curricular Thus, this offers an effort to provide a conceptual framework for a co-curricular performance management system that uses a persuasive design approach.
The persuasive design approach for this research has chosen the model by .
, which consists of categories: primary task support, dialogue support, system credibility support, and social support A well-designed e-portfolio system might still be ineffective if persuasive design concepts are not used.
Teachers can make the system more interesting, motivating.
II.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
To identify the key characteristics of e-portfolio applications in education and assess their potential for effective integration into various aspects of the learning process, a comprehensive review of the literature published between 2010 and 2024 was undertaken.
Mapping the body of knowledge about PSD in the domains of e-health, ecommerce, e-tourism, and education was the main goal of the We developed a search strategy to locate relevant data for this comprehensive search.
Using keywords, this specific search strategy was created for datasets such as Scopus.
Google Scholar.
Web of Science.
Iexplore, and Science Direct and was used to find scientific articles:
Aue-PortfolioAy AND AuEducationAy AuPersuasive System DesignAy AND AuEducationAy Key databases were discovered through a rigorous interdisciplinary, publishing quality, global inclusivity, and user access standards.
These databases provide access to peerreviewed literature and conference proceedings from various academic disciplines, guaranteeing a solid and comprehensive basis for study on e-Portfolio system design.
By incorporating Google Scholar, the research is extended to open-access sources, and its renowned reputation, multidisciplinary perspectives, and sophisticated search capabilities further help an exhaustive and trustworthy examination of the topic.
The curated database is renowned for its regular and prompt Ensure that the most recent research is included and that the review keeps up to speed with the rapidly evolving field of Persuasive System Design in education.
The inclusion/exclusion criteria are listed below.
data collecting started in April 2024.
Selection Criteria C Articles that discuss the design of the e-Portfolio C Articles published between 2010 until 2024 C Journal and conferences C Published in English and Malay language Fig.
1 Prisma Flowchart Initially, 7864 relevant publications were identified during the first phase of the investigation.
Data refining was then carried out, which involved a few sequential steps.
The dataset was further enhanced after a preliminary data cleansing stage by excluding non-English publications and duplicate entries, resulting in 7511 articles overall.
A comprehensive screening of the titles and abstracts of these publications was performed, resulting in 4233 potentially relevant papers for further Furthermore, the number of publications was reduced to 184 after further articles were unavailable through the recognized channels, and those classified as reviews or theoretical works unrelated to the research issue were After strict inclusion criteria were applied, a final set of 44 studies was selected for in-depth analysis.
thorough visual representation of the workflow is provided in Figure 1.
The Google trend search volume for Aue-PortfolioAy is shown in Figure 2, which provides insight into the publicAos interest in this topic.
Exclusive Criteria This review did not include reviews, summaries, workshop and lecture notes, and other types of research investigations.
Additionally, studies that do not focus on PSD or education will not be included.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Following the guidelines provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.
Figure 1 shows the inclusion and exclusion of literature at each stage .
PRISMA stands for Globally accepted version of the QUORUM (Quality of Reporting of Meta-analysi.
This study presents the basic stages of the method.
Fig.
2 Google Trends for Keyword "e-Portfolio" from 2010-2024
TABLE I
REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS LITERATURE
Author Domain Key Findings PSD Principle Applied .
e-Learning None e-Learning .
e-Learning .
e-Learning .
Multiple .
General Created a web-based counseling tool to facilitate studentAos distant access to psychological assistance Most teachers concurred that more training and materials were required to enhance the use of e-portfolios in classroom evaluation.
Student teacherAos abilities, knowledge, and self-reflection are enhanced via e-Portfolios.
Proposed a ten-part e-Portfolio approach that included student biographies.
Six ethical design guidelines were suggested to help people utilize persuasive technology Highlighted how crucial user experience is to persuasive systems.
e-Health e-Health e-Learning .
e-Learning .
e-Learning .
e-Health e-Learning .
e-Health e-Health e-Health e-Tourism .
e-Commerce .
e-Commerce .
e-Commerce Persuasive tactics have various impact on different types.
Understanding user attitudes and selfperception is necessary for effective customization, increasing communications' The instructor demonstrated a modest level of preparedness, expertise, and proficiency in putting PAJSK into practice.
Identified seven essential elements for creating appealing educational systems, with a focus on gamification and tailored Persuasive techniques combined with Web 0 features enhanced user engagement and learning behavior.
Although social-oriented tactics work well for changing behavior, they can also backfire by creating stress, privacy issues, and demotivation.
Emphasized how crucial it is to balance using technology and engaging in reflection in learning environments.
Higher engagement is associated with intrinsic motivation.
tactics must be customized according to each type of Emphasized that to improve user engagement, tailored content must be appropriately integrated.
For children with cancer and their care, mHealth helps with information sharing, self-monitoring, and symptom management.
Systems combine socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors to contribute to a more personalized travel experience and sustainable tourism.
By making user actions simpler, persuasive design increases conversion rates.
Different persuasive techniques work for different kinds of shoppers.
Recommendation centered on enhancing the incorporation of underutilized persuasive techniques such as verifiability and Performance Measurement Questionnaire None Quantitative surveys None Mixed-mode method and survey Descriptive and Literature analysis and qualitative Conceptual None Gamification Self-monitoring, reminder, suggestion, and Gamification Self-monitoring and Structural equation modelling (SEM) Systematic literature None Descriptive statistic Rewards, competition, and personalization.
Systematic review Self-monitoring, personalization, feedback, and reminders.
Competition, social comparison, and Surveys Self-monitoring, personalization, praise, and reminders.
Self-monitoring, reminders, feedback and goal setting.
Reduction.
, selfmonitoring, tailoring and Self-monitoring, reminders, and rewards.
Personalization Personalization, reminder, and rewards.
Scarcity, authority, liking, and reciprocity.
Self-monitoring, tailoring, feedback and cooperation.
Thematic analysis and quantitative Qualitative feedback Surveys Expert evaluation Pilot studies, feedback, usability Evaluation metrics Expert evaluation Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) Expert Evaluation .
e-Commerce .
e-Learning .
e-Health General Framework e-Health e-Learning .
e-Learning .
Multiple .
e-Learning .
e-Health e-Learning .
e-Health e-Tourism .
e-Learning .
Database .
RFID and IOT e-Learning .
General Framework General Framework e-Health Online Interactions .
e-Learning .
e-Health The most significant impact on user acceptance and online purchasing behavior was dialogue support.
Good LMS interfaces can reduce problems like procrastination and increase Better incorporation of adaptive reminders and social support were among the design enhancement suggestions.
Presented the PSD model, which consists of four categories and 28 techniques.
While collectivist users like reminders, individual users favor self-monitoring.
Elements of gamification improve learner engagement and motivation.
Discovered that the efficacy of persuasive systems is impacted by technological The study shows the importance of credibility, social support, and dialogue support in preserving user engagement The most successful strategies were determined to be reward-based and social The most often employed persuasive strategy was self-monitoring reminders, comparison, and rewards.
Edmodo greatly enhanced studentAos attitudes towards online learning and their learning According to the study, if adherence is maintained, minor, customized lifestyle adjustments can result in steady weight loss.
Found that visual design is crucial to persuasion on tourism websites.
Most curriculum lacks database Sustaining good performance and data integrity required careful setup and IoT and RFID-based digital management systems were implemented to enhance realtime monitoring and process.
Identified trends in student behavior across hybrid, online, and on-campus modes using big data approaches.
Introduces the model that offers a methodical way to comprehend and plan for behavior change.
It was shown that reciprocity and commitment had the most significant By offering a methodical approach, tunneling is a successful technique for assisting people in changing their behavior.
In online interactions, reciprocity is essential for mutual recognition and fortifying social bonds.
Create a blockchain-based system that improves portfolio assessment.
Determined the essential elements of persuasive design that help iCBT programs successfully lower anxiety.
Reminders, rewards, trustworthiness, and Self-monitoring, tailoring, and reminders.
Self-monitoring, personalization, reminder, and reward.
Reduction, selfmonitoring, reminders, suggestion, etc.
Self-monitoring, reminders, goal setting.
Gamification None Reminder, feedback, and goal setting.
Rewards, social comparison, and Self-monitoring, reminders, reward, social comparison, and Self-monitoring, social interaction, and Self-monitoring, reminders, and tailored Surveys Heuristic Inspection and expert Surveys Conceptual Qualitative approach Systematic review Mixed method .
urvey and statistical analysi.
Structural equation Surveys Systematic review Experimental.
Surveys Six Cialdini principles.
Conceptual analysis None Surveys None User feedback, response time, and Simulation None None Analysis of LMS FoggAos PSD Model None Six Cialdini PSD Principles Survey Tunneling, selfmonitoring, reminders, goal-setting, and social Reciprocity Systematic Review None Self-monitoring, personalization and social Conceptual analysis Functional and comparative tests Realist synthesis and meta-analysis The PRISMA standards were followed in this study, providing a methodical and open procedure for the inclusion and exclusion of literature.
The process was meticulous, began with 7864 pertinent papers, and proceeded through several phases of data refinement.
The collection of papers was reduced to 37 for in-depth analysis by applying strict inclusion criteria, cleaning the data, and screening the results.
This meticulous procedure ensures that the chosen literature fully addresses the research objectives and improves findings The analysis of Google Trends data, which tracks the term Aue-PortfolioAy from 2010 to 2024, sheds light on how public interest in this topic has changed.
This information highlights e-portfoliosAo expanding significance and points to a growing understanding of their potential advantages in both professional and educational contexts.
These findings are important because they show how much study is needed in this field to address the potential problems related to adopting e-portfolios.
Key findings from the review of previous research were found in various fields, including general frameworks, ehealth, e-learning, e-tourism, and e-commerce.
Several PSD principles were prevalent in various domains, including selfmonitoring, reminders, personalization, and gamification.
Depending on the situation, these principles are applied differently, demonstrating the flexibility and adaptability of persuasive strategies.
In health-related applications, for example, self-monitoring and reminders are standard and encourage behavior change through consistent reinforcement and feedback.
On the other hand, gamification elements were more frequently applied in educational contexts, where they enhanced motivation and engagement.
These insights provide a basis for comprehending how PSD principles can be incorporated into other systems, guiding the creation of a more comprehensive and flexible framework.
Additionally, this paper emphasized the variety of performance measurements used to asses persuasive systems, such as statistical analysis like structural equation modeling (SEM), heuristic inspections, and qualitative approaches.
There is no one-size-fits-all method for determining the efficacy of persuasive technologies, as seen by the diversity of evaluation mythologies.
The significance of the suggested framework in this study is further highlighted by this observation, which points to the necessity for flexible yet standardized assessment criteria that can be modified for use in various settings.
Several pre-existing frameworks were studied to find out how they combine pedagogy, content, and technology to improve learning and engagement.
A complete framework that integrates instructional techniques, subject knowledge, and technology tools is the technology Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework .
It highlights how Web 2.
0 technologies can facilitate a range of cognitive functions and provides educators with helpful advice on successfully incorporating technology into their lesson plans.
An example of another framework that focuses on persuasive technology is AuEnabling Young Individuals to Make an Informed Decision about Higher EducationAy .
This framework illustrates how persuasive design can influence decision-making behavior by engaging users through interactive narratives and gamification.
Fig.
3 Research paper by year under Persuasive in education and curriculum Fig.
4 Research paper by domain Fig.
5 Research Performance Measurement Fig.
6 PSD Principle Applied Fig.
7 Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Similarly, the Digital Media Literacies Framework strongly emphasizes developing abilities in the conceptual, functional, and audio-visual domains so that students may produce useful digital media artifacts .
Meanwhile, the Trauma-Informed Framework focuses on developing supportive learning environments and takes a multi-tiered approach to meeting studentAos psychological and emotional needs .
Finally, the Conceptual Design and Evaluation Framework for Mobile Persuasive Health Technologies provides a measurable and user-centered method for creating persuasive health applications, which combines the PSD model with usability considerations .
Fig.
10 A Conceptual Design and Evaluation Framework for Mobile Persuasive Health Technologies (Usability Approac.
Although each framework offers insightful information, their strengths vary depending on the context.
While the persuasive technology framework emphasizes the motivational components that influence user decision-making processes, the TPACK framework is particularly effective in academic contexts due to its adaptability to emerging technologies and its focus on aligning pedagogical strategies with learning objectives.
But by bridging the gap between theoretical design and real-world usability, the usabilitycentric health technology framework highlights the significance of quantitative metrics for evaluating the efficacy of a persuasive system.
Research Gap While e-portfolio systems are widely acknowledged as instruments for evaluating academic performance, a substantial research gap exists concerning their use in monitoring extracurricular activities, especially in Malaysian secondary schools.
Co-curricular activities like clubs and sports are under-represented in current literature because they mainly focus on academic evaluations.
Furthermore, engaging design elements that raise user motivation and engagement are often missing from current e-portfolio Teachers in charge of evaluating extracurricular activities thus encounter difficulties, such as task overload and a decline in motivation because of the lack of elements that maintain their interest and promote consistent system use.
While integrating technology with pedagogy is a priority of the current framework, such as TPACK, co-curricular performance management is not expressly addressed.
Like this, .
PSD model has been successfully used in health technology, but its application in educational settingsespecially for e-portfolios- remains limited.
Other frameworks, such as those that emphasize Digital Media Literacy or Trauma-Informed approaches, provide insightful Still, they fall short in addressing the behavioral Fig.
8 Digital Media Literacies Framework Fig.
9 Trauma-Informed Framework and motivational elements that could encourage regular usage of e-portfolios for extracurricular evaluations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Communication of this research is made possible through monetary assistance by University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia and the UTHM PublisherAos Office via Publication Fund E1521, as well as Office for Research.
Commercialization, and Consultancy Management UTHM, under GPPS Q637 is gratefully acknowledged.
Proposed Conceptual Framework This paper suggested a conceptual framework based on the PSD framework that has been modified to fit the unique requirements of secondary schools in Malaysia and address these gaps.
The PSD model core categories- primary task support, dialogue support, system credibility support, and social support-are integrated into the framework and added components specifically designed for the educational environment, especially the PAJSK categories (SEGAK.
Curriculum, and extra-curricula.
REFERENCES