Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A ALFUAD JOURNAL, 9 .
, 2025, .
(E-ISSN 2714-7606 P-ISSN 2614-4786 ) Available online at https://ejournal.
id/ojs/index.
php/alfuad/index Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah Research as A Religious Movement Novrizon Marzal* Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar.
Indonesia E-mail:
novrizonmarzal@uinmybatusangkar.
Erni Haryanti Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
Indonesia E-mail: erni_hk@uinsgd.
*) Corresponding Author Abstract: Digital da'wah has become one of the important phenomena in the world of Islamic da'wah in the modern era.
This article explores trends in digital da'wah research in Indonesia through a historical approach, using the id database for the period 2019-2024.
The results of the study show a significant increase in the number of articles discussing digital da'wah, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced a transition from conventional da'wah to digital platforms.
Social media such as TikTok and Instagram, as well as podcast formats, have become popular tools for spreading Islamic values, especially among the millennial generation.
This study also highlights challenges such as competition with non-religious content and limited digital literacy among da'wah practitioners.
However, the opportunities for digital da'wah are vast, enabling personalized messaging and a wide audience reach.
With technological advancements like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), the future of digital da'wah is expected to be even brighter.
This article makes an important contribution to understanding the transformation of digital da'wah and paves the way for further research.
Keywords: Digital DaAowah.
Social Media.
COVID-19 Pandemic.
Transformation of DaAowah
INTRODUCTION
were 215,626,156 people out of a total Today, we are in the internet era, population of 275,773,901 in Indonesia in where only a handful of people do not have 2022-2023 who were connected to the access to the internet.
In Indonesia.
This means that more than three- 19% of the population is connected to quarters of Indonesia's population is connected to the internet.
conducted by the Indonesian Internet The Service Providers Association (APJII) in technology, especially the internet, has had 2023, and this number continues to a significant impact on various aspects of increase every year based on the same survey (APJII, 2.
Based on data relationship between digital technology and internet users has attracted the penetration and behavior survey, there attention of various parties, including Islamic daAowah.
The 202 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 5 .
P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A Islamic preachers.
Digital media has now practitioners to this day.
Therefore, this become the main means of spreading article will look at trends in research on religious values, replacing most traditional dakwah on digital media in Indonesia methods such as recitation in mosques or using a historical approach.
face-to-face lectures.
This phenomenon The has attracted the attention of many parties who seek to understand how da'wah adapts provides an overview of the transformation to technological developments, both from a that has occurred in the methods of delivering religious messages over time.
da'wah History records that da'wah initially used Islamic daAowah as an activity that oral media as its primary tool, which then messages of faith, fiqh.
Sharia, muamalah, television, and now digital platforms such and siyasah, has transcended various as social media, podcasts, and specialized developments of the times.
One of these This approach is important developments is the advancement of for seeing how shifts in medium have communication technology, which has influenced the strategies, content, and categorized da'wah in digital media.
audience of da'wah itself (Ahyar.
Da'wah in digital media has characteristics Using the literature review method, the author collected various research interface-based, articles to analyze and synthesize existing research on digital da'wah.
This method (Fakhruroji, 2.
Digital media outreach not only allows researchers to identify is outreach conducted using social media major trends, but also reveals research platforms such as Facebook.
YouTube, gaps that still need to be explored.
In the Instagram.
TikTok, and others.
context of da'wah, scientific literature often real-time.
Dakwah activities through digital highlights aspects such as the effectiveness media are highly adaptive, especially after of digital media in reaching young the COVID-19 pandemic hit.
With various audiences, its impact on the quality of face-to-face religious understanding, and challenges dakwah on digital media became a real faced such as hoaxes and the spread of extremist ideologies (Campbell.
, &
Even
COVID-19
pandemic subsided, dakwah on digital Tsuria, 2.
media continued to be carried out by 203 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 5 .
P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A This article aims to explore trends in identifies central issues and then organizes digital media da'wah through a historical them into thematic categories that help to approach and literature review method.
understand the complexity of the topic in integrating these methods and approaches.
This approach is useful in exploring this study is expected to provide a deeper literature related to several specific aspects understanding of the dynamics of digital of a topic that can explore more deeply the da'wah, as well as serve as a foundation for dynamics of digital da'wah.
To facilitate further study in the future.
the processing of reference articles, the author limited the article search to the METHOD This article will attempt to answer the author's question, namely, what are the trends in digital media da'wah in the form of a literature review.
A literature review is https://garuda.
id/ database, which was released from 2019 to 2024, using the keyword Audigital media dakwah.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
an academic approach that focuses on The results of this study will be literature, journal articles, books, and presented in a table that will present monographs that discuss a topic based on articles on Audigital media da'wahAy that the limitations of the research conducted have been released from 2019 to 2024 and (Perry, 2.
In addition, the author uses a thematic approach, whereby the author can https://garuda.
There are group and analyze literature based on 92 articles discussing this theme, as specific topics.
In this approach, the author Table 1.
Metadata from garuda.
Author
Title Year
Journal
Al-I'lam: Jurnal
Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam
JURNAL
ISLAM
NUSANTARA
Jurnal Mutakallimin:
Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Komunida: Media Komunikasi dan Dakwah Luthfi Ulfa Iklan Sebagai Media Dakwah (Analisis NiAoamah.
Semiotika Iklan Digital Dan Konsep Nur Laili Dakwah Pada Produk Kosmetik Warda.
Wibowo.
Adi Penggunaan Media Sosial Sebagai Trend Media Dakwah Pendidikan Islam Di Era Digital Muhammad komunikasi Dakwah Digital: Menyampaikan Konten Islami Lewat Media Sosial Line Helmy.
Risa Dwi (Studi Deskriptif Pada Akun Line 3SAFA) Ayuni Reza Mardiana Daya Tarik Media Digital Sebagai Media Dakwah Untuk Generasi Milenial 204 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 5 .
P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A Author Title Year Journal Munawara, et al Pemanfaatan Media Digital untuk Dakwah Pesantren Tebuireng Rudy Disrupsi Nilai Keagamaan dalam Dakwah Rustandi Virtual Media Sosial Sebagai Komodifikasi Agama di Era Digital Hidayatullah.
Muhammad Syarif Dakwah Digital menggunakan Media Instagram (Kajian Ekonomi Islam pada Akun @ruanghala.
Munawara, et al Pemanfaatan Media Digital untuk Dakwah Pesantren Tebuireng Minan Jauhari Aktivisme Dakwah Siber Konvergensi Media Digital Tengah Fauzi Dakwah Digital: Eksplorasi Gerakan Rahmat Filantropi Muhamamdiyah Selama Covid-19 Di Media Sosial Twitter Ao@muhammadiyahAo KOMUNIKA:
Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi SANGKyP:
Jurnal Kajian Sosial Keagamaan AN-NUHA:
Jurnal Kajian Islam.
Pendidikan.
Budaya dan Sosial KOMUNIKA:
Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi Dakwatuna:
Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi Islam ETTISAL :
Journal of Communication A.
11- A
82 Khiyaroh.
IntihaAoul A.
Media Komunikasi dalam Perspektif AlQur'an: Relevansi Tradisi Lisan dan Teknologi Digital dalam Dakwah Islam Ummu Bissalam Transformasi Kaligrafi Tradisional Ke Digital Sebagai Media Dakwah Era Baru AoAinun Najib, et al Korelasi Antara New Media Dalam Komunikasi Politik Dan Pendidikan Dakwah Di Era Digital Eviyanti.
Yuli.
et al
SOSIAL MEDIA: Sarana Dakwah Di Era
Digital Al Furqan: Jurnal
Ilmu Al Quran
dan Tafsir
AL-MUTSLA
Vol.
6 No.
: Jurnal Al Mutsla SINDA:
Comprehensive Journal of Islamic
Social Studies Jurnal
Manajemen
Dakwah (J-MD) Vol 5 No 2
: JMD
205 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 5 .
P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A Author Title Year Journal Al-Risalah :
Jurnal Studi Agama dan Pemikiran Islam Vol 15 No 2 Transformation Of Dakwah Media Badrah Inspiring Muslimah In The Digital Era Uyuni.
Rabiah Al Adawiyah.
Alfani.
Mukhamma Anwar.
Latifah Hairani.
Atikah.
Sulastri Kontekstualisasi Hadis Dalam Era Digital:
Retorika Dan Otoritas Keagamaan Influencer Dakwah Di Media Sosial Pengaruh Dakwah Melalui Media Digital Canva dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Agama di Kalangan Mahasiswa TaAowiluna: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur'an.
Tafsir dan Pemikiran Islam Wahyudi.
Ryan.
Tasruddin.
Ramsiah Mukhlissal Hasbi.
et al Strategi Penyiaran Dakwah Islam Berbasis Media Penyiaran Digital Peran Media Sosial Dalam Dakwah:
Tantangan dan Peluang di Era Digital Mohammad Penggunaan Internet Sebagai Media Baru Azka Husna Dalam Dakwah: Peluang Dan Tantangan Di Fajri Era Digital Shofiyullah ul Kahfi.
Nur Haditama.
Irfan.
at al Optimalisasi Media Dakwah Digital Bagi Komunitas Muslim: Pendekatan Edukasi Membangun Komunikasi Islam Dakwah di Platform Media Digital Lewat Sosialisasi Membangun Media Dakwah Wati.
Patnah.
et al Digital: Pengembangan Website Dan LUGAS Jurnal Komunikasi Vol 8.
No 2:
Desember 2024 Journal of Innovative and Creativity Vol.
No.
ASWALALITA:
Journal of Da'wah Management Vol 3 No 2 .
SEPTEMBER
ASWALALITA:
Journal of Da'wah Management Rayah Al-Islam Vol 8 No 3 .
: Rayah Al Islam Agustus Kreativitas Pada Pengabdian Masyarakat (Krep.
Al Furqan: Jurnal Ilmu Al Quran dan Tafsir Aplikasi Untuk Paguyuban Istri Pengurus Khiyaroh.
IntihaAoul Media Komunikasi dalam Perspektif AlQur'an: Relevansi Tradisi Lisan dan Teknologi Digital dalam Dakwah Islam Universum Vol.
18 No.
December 2024 206 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 5 .
P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4
Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A Author
Title Year
Journal
AL-MUTSLA
Vol.
6 No.
: Jurnal Al Mutsla SINDA:
Comprehensive Journal of Islamic Social Studies Jurnal Manajemen Dakwah Al-Risalah :
Jurnal Studi Agama dan Pemikiran Islam Universum Vol.
18 No.
December 2024 Ummu Bissalam Transformasi Kaligrafi Tradisional Ke Digital Sebagai Media Dakwah Era Baru AoAinun Najib, et al Korelasi Antara New Media Dalam Komunikasi Politik Dan Pendidikan Dakwah Di Era Digital Eviyanti.
Yuli.
et al Sosial Media : Sarana Dakwah Di Era Digital Badrah Uyuni.
et al Transformation Of Dakwah Media Inspiring Muslimah In The Digital Era Alfani.
Mukhamma Anwar.
Latifah Hairani.
Atikah.
Sulastri Kontekstualisasi Hadis Dalam Era Digital:
Retorika Dan Otoritas Keagamaan Influencer Dakwah Di Media Sosial Pengaruh Dakwah Melalui Media Digital Canva dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Agama di Kalangan Mahasiswa Wahyudi.
Ryan.
Tasruddin.
Ramsiah Mukhlissal Hasbi.
et al Strategi Penyiaran Dakwah Islam Berbasis Media Penyiaran Digital Peran Media Sosial Dalam Dakwah:
Tantangan dan Peluang di Era Digital Mohammad Penggunaan Internet Sebagai Media Baru Azka Husna Dalam Dakwah: Peluang Dan Tantangan Di Fajri Era Digital Shofiyullah Optimalisasi Media Dakwah Digital Bagi ul Kahfi.
et Komunitas Muslim: Pendekatan Edukasi TaAowiluna: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur'an.
Tafsir dan Pemikiran Islam LUGAS Jurnal Komunikasi Vol 8.
No 2:
Desember 2024 Journal of Innovative and Creativity ASWALALITA:
Journal of Da'wah Management ASWALALITA:
Journal of Da'wah Management Source: researcher's work 207 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 5 .
P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A Many studies on digital da'wah have Indonesia Da'wah The main factor driving the surge in digital da'wah research is the COVID-19 This pandemic has forced many activities that were previously conducted face-to-face to shift to digital platforms, religious science and social science in including da'wah activities.
Conventional This is what makes da'wah science da'wah, which is usually conducted in increasingly developed.
To limit the mosque pulpits, has been hampered by discussion in this article, the author only social restrictions, making the use of discusses trends in digital da'wah research digital media the main solution.
This using a historical approach.
phenomenon did not only occur during the pandemic, but has continued to this day.
Enhancement of Digital Da'wah thanks to the ease of access and rapid Research .
Based on data processed from the development of digital technology.
Garuda database, it is clear that research Popular Themes and Media in Digital related to digital da'wah has increased Da'wah Research significantly between 2019 and 2024.
From the processed data, several 2019, there were three articles discussing themes and media emerged as dominant this theme.
This number increased to four topics in digital da'wah research.
The most articles in 2020, six articles in 2021, and frequently used keywords were AupodcastAy jumped to 13 articles in 2022.
A significant with six article titles.
AumillennialsAy with increase occurred in 2023 and 2024, with seven article titles, and social media the number of articles reaching 26 in 2024 platforms such as TikTok and Instagram.
and 40 articles in 2024.
TikTok was the most discussed media, appearing in seven article titles, followed Table 2.
Digital Da'wah Research Chart by Instagram with six article titles.
Social media such as TikTok and Instagram researchers because both are very popular Digital Da'wah Research Chart Source: researcher's work platforms among millennials.
TikTok, for example, is known for its creative and easily consumable short video format, making it an effective tool for delivering 208 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
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P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A da'wah messages to young audiences.
Meanwhile, messages without geographical boundaries, features such as photo, video, and story enabling da'wah to reach people who may uploads that enable the dissemination of be difficult to reach through conventional da'wah content in a visual and attractive Instagram da'wah The COVID-19 pandemic has been a In addition to social media, the major catalyst for this transformation.
format of presenting religious content is When social restrictions were imposed, also a concern.
Podcasts, as one of the da'wah preachers and institutions adapted trending formats, have a large share in by utilizing digital media to convey digital religious research.
Podcasts allow religious messages.
Platforms such as religious content to be presented in audio Zoom.
YouTube.
TikTok, and Instagram form that can be listened to at any time, were widely used to hold online studies, making them suitable for the younger lectures, and religious discussions.
This generation who are highly mobile.
The presence of podcasts also opens up new maintaining the continuity of da'wah opportunities for preachers to deliver in- during the pandemic, but also opened up depth material without the time constraints new opportunities to explore digital media as an effective means of da'wah.
Not only that, interactive features The Transformation of Da'wah in the The phenomenon of digital da'wah reflects a significant change in the way da'wah is carried out.
Before the digital age, conventional da'wah was highly dependent on direct interaction in places such as mosques, majelis taklim, or However, duets/stitches (TikTo.
, and Stories/Reels Digital Age da'wah methods have begun to shift to digital platforms that are more flexible and can (Instagra.
are not merely technical tools.
they imply Auvalue affordances,Ay namely ethical, relational, and aesthetic values that arise from the way users interact with these For da'wah, these affordances enable forms of public support .
ikes, share.
, brief dialogue .
, and participation .
that strengthen a sense of community and emotional engagement (Scharlach & Hallinan, 2.
reach a wider audience.
Digital technology 209 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
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P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A Challenges and Opportunities of Digital all preachers have the skills to make Da'wah In addition, digital literacy among Delivering da'wah through digital media preachers is also an important factor.
Not requires an understanding of social media all preachers have the necessary skills to algorithms, graphic design, video editing, make optimal use of digital technology.
Delivering sermons through digital media Therefore, training and mentoring for requires an understanding of social media preachers is an urgent need to improve the algorithms, graphic design, video editing, effectiveness of digital da'wah.
and content marketing strategies.
Content However, the opportunities offered that receives more attention will continue by digital da'wah far outweigh to be displayed (Marzal et al.
, 2.
Digital media enables da'wah Algorithms to reach younger generations who tend to be more active on social media than attending conventional religious events.
mentoring for dai is an urgent need to addition, digital technology allows for content personalization, where da'wah Therefore, messages can be tailored to the needs and Instagram and TikTok facilitate the characteristics of specific audiences.
For emergence of Aureligious influencersAy or example, da'wah content for millennials religious micro-celebrities who shape the can be delivered in a short, casual, and discourse of piety and morality through informative video format, while older visual practices and self-fashioning.
These audiences can be reached through a more formal online lecture format.
personal narratives, and calls to action .
onations, online religious lecture.
to build credibility and a market .
igital religious labo.
This shifts traditional sources of authority from institutions to digital public figures and influences the religious behavior of young followers (Marei, 2.
In addition, the digital literacy of preachers is also an important factor.
Not The Future Direction of Digital Da'wah Research Given current trends, digital da'wah research is expected to continue to grow in the future.
With the rapid pace of technological innovation, da'wah media will become increasingly diverse and For example, the use of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality 210 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
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P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A (VR) technologies in da'wah could be an mobilizing public support through the These Digital media operates within the experiences, such as virtually recreating logic of a Auplatform societyAy that connects the atmosphere of a mosque or simulating social interaction, content production, and the Hajj pilgrimage in digital form.
the commodification of attention.
This Furthermore, future research could means that religious content competes in explore the impact of digital da'wah on changes in religious behavior within entertainment content, making creative For instance, how the consumption strategies essential for religious messages to remain relevant and reach a wide da'wah audience .
an Dijck et al.
, 2.
worship practices, or social attitudes.
Such For example, religious content on research is crucial for evaluating the TikTok recommendation mechanisms that place providing insights for the development of certain material in front of users who are future da'wah strategies.
AupredictivelyAy considered to be interested.
da'wah Digital Da'wah as a Religious Movement The transformation of Islamic da'wah through digital media is a new form of This transformation is not limited to changes in the medium of communication, but has developed into a collective movement characterized by new strategies, new actors .
uch as digital preacher.
, and audience segmentation tailored to contemporary social and technological dynamics.
This phenomenon can be analyzed within the framework of new social movements theory, which focuses on expressions of religious content creators interpret and utilize this mechanism even developing what is called a Auspiritual algorithmic imaginaryAy This phenomenon explains why short sermon clips or emotional messages easily go viral and reach non-traditional audiences (Reinis & Laughlin, 2.
The significant increase in the use of digital media for da'wah, especially since COVID-19 important phase in the evolution of Islamic da'wah.
The pandemic acted as a catalyst in accelerating the shift from conventional to digital da'wah.
As physical religious 211 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
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P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A activities were restricted, the digital space as described by Manuel Castells, where the became the main alternative for conveying strength of a movement lies in its network Islamic messages.
This phenomenon is in line with the concept of opportunity (Castells, structures in social movement theory, da'wah where changes in external conditions .
n strengthens the capacity of the ummah to this case, the pandemic and technological participate in producing and distributing development.
create new opportunities for religious messages.
This is in line with the religious-based social mobilization.
characteristics of participatory culture This digital da'wah movement also (Jenkins et al.
, 2.
, where the audience is no longer passive, but participates as performance, as described by Jeffrey C.
Alexander, in which religious values are example, congregations can repost da'wah packaged and presented through digital content, create video clips of lectures, or cultural symbols (Alexander, 2.
These create Islamic memes that expand the symbols of digital culture refer to short reach of da'wah messages.
videos on TikTok, podcasts, and visual The content on Instagram.
Digital media is not .
roducers-consumer.
only a tool, but also a symbolic arena for influencing religious discourse, especially technology-based among the younger generation.
This Not only as a complement to explains why themes such as Aucreative traditional da'wah, but also as a new arena da'wah,Ay for building collective awareness among Aupopular IslamAy often appear in the Muslims of Islamic values in the digital research discussed in the article.
This transformation encourages Aumillennial the realization that da'wah is not only the presence of digital platforms has enabled duty of individuals or institutions, but part of a social process that continues to adapt da'wah da'wah,Ay For interconnected da'wah communities, such to the changing times.
as da'wah movements through social media Thus, digital da'wah is not merely a accounts run by Islamic boarding schools, communication strategy, but part of an majelis taklim (Islamic study group.
, or ever-evolving religious social movement.
da'wah influencers.
This reflects the Digital media serves as a vehicle for dynamics of networked social movements 212 | A l f u a d V o l u m e 9 N u m b e r 2 .
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P a g e 2 0 2 - 2 1 4 Novrizon Marzal: Literature Review: A Historical Study of Digital Media Da'wah A strengthening modern Muslim identity, and demonstrates how Islamic values are effectively and innovatively contextualized dynamic public space (Ahyar.
, 2.
in the language of digital popular culture.
CONCLUSION
In other words, digital da'wah has Digital da'wah has evolved into a transcended the boundaries of traditional new religious social phenomenon that da'wah and now serves as an instrument of reflects a profound transformation in the social change, religious education, and the practice of spreading Islamic teachings.
creation of a new religious public space Not only is it a response to advances in that is more inclusive and responsive to the communication technology and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but da'wah understanding digital da'wah cannot be through digital media also exhibits the separated from the framework of analyzing characteristics of a contemporary religious religious social movements, which places social movement.
The shift from physical it as part of the social, cultural, and pulpits to digital spaces such as TikTok, ideological processes in today's digital Instagram, and podcasts is not merely a technical change, but shapes new ways of communities, and conveying moral and spiritual messages to a wide audience, especially the younger generation.
A significant increase in research between 2019 and 2024 shows that digital da'wah has become a relevant academic and religious practice.
The involvement of new actors such as digital preachers, da'wah decentralized yet widely connected social movement through networked technology.
Creative communication platforms and formats Therefore.
REFERENCES