JURNAL
Pendidikan Dasar dan Keguruan Volume 11.
No.
1, 2026
P-ISSN: 2527-578X
E-ISSN: 2715-2818
Homepage: https://journal.
id/index.
php/JPDK/index Development Of Local Wisdom-Based Scrapbook Media For Students' Narrative Writing Learning At Elementary School Made Sutrisna Maha Terianita1.
Ni Nyoman Lisna Handayani2.
I Komang Surya
Adnyana3
1,2,3
Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Singaraja.
Buleleng.
Buleleng Author Correspondence.
E-mail: suryakomank16@gmail.
Abstract Copyright .
2026 Made Sutrisna Maha Terianita.
Ni Nyoman Lisna Handayani.
I Komang Surya Adnyana (Autho.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.
International License.
Doi:
https://doi.
org/10.
47435/jpdk.
The low narrative writing abilities of SDN 4 Tista's fourth-grade students, which are typified by challenges in coming up with ideas, creating a cohesive story structure, and using less-than-ideal word choice and writing mechanics, are what spurred this study.
The goal of this research is to create a digital scrapbook medium that is grounded in local knowledge and that is reliable, useful, and efficient for teaching narrative Using the Borg and Gall model, which is broken down into seven stages, the research employs the Research and Development (R&D) These stages include needs analysis, product design, expert validation, revision, and practicality and effectiveness trials.
Twenty-four fourth-graders from SDN 4 Tista served as the research subjects.
The findings demonstrated that following revision, the media received a very good category in the validity aspect.
4% of students met the very good criteria on the practicality test.
The average student score increased from 47 on the pretest to 78.
91 on the posttest, according to the effectiveness Therefore, the local wisdom-based digital scrapbook works well to help elementary school pupils become better storytellers.
Keywords: digital scrapbook, local wisdom, narrative writing, development research, elementary school Introduction As the main pillar for cultivating critical, creative, and communicative students, 21st-century learning requires improving literacy skills (Yusuf, 2023:.
Writing abilities, especially narrative writing, are one component of literacy that is strategically important in elementary school education.
Because writing is more than just language, it also reflects critical and creative thinking abilities as well as the capacity to communicate experiences through characters, settings, and chronological elements (Rahmawati et al.
, 2025:1.
For this reason, narrative writing is a fundamental skill that elementary school pupils should acquire.
Nonetheless, a number of Indonesian studies show that elementary school pupils' narrative writing abilities are still below par, frequently exhibiting low starting skill scores and a lack of enthusiasm for the genre.
According to one study, students' proficiency in spelling, punctuation, sentence cohesion and coherence, and the ability to express preexisting ideas in writing was still lacking (Wahdini et al.
, 2025:5.
Only two out of 23 students achieved scores higher than the KKM, according to another study (Maimunah et al.
, 2021:.
Students typically struggle with coming up with original ideas, creating a cohesive plot, and making appropriate use of vocabulary and sentence structure.
The primary shortcoming of students' narrative writing is their incapacity to meaningfully and cogently arrange events (Anggraeni et al.
Writing instruction that is still traditional, focused on textbooks, and uses few learning resources that can inspire students' creativity and imagination worsens this condition.
Because it doesn't offer genuine context or a link to students' life experiences, traditional media frequently fails to pique students' interest in learning (Tabina et al.
, 2024:2.
According to earlier studies, scrapbook mediaAi JURNAL Pendidikan dasar dan Keguruan JURNAL Pendidikan Dasar dan Keguruan Volume 11.
No.
1, 2026
P-ISSN: 2527-578X
E-ISSN: 2715-2818
Homepage: https://journal.
id/index.
php/JPDK/index a learning tool based on scrapbooks that blends text, images, and creative elementsAican be a creative way to get around this issue.
According to one development study, fourth graders at SDN Karah Surabaya saw an increase in their narrative writing skills scores (N-gai.
62 and media validity of 6%, indicating that the scrapbook media was deemed valid, effective, and practical (Fatwiyah and Rukmi, 2023:1.
Students' language skills have been found to improve when scrapbooks are used in a variety of learning contexts.
After two intervention cycles in classroom action research at Hulonthalangi Elementary School.
Gorontalo, it was demonstrated that digital scrapbook media significantly improved students' narrative writing quality from 33% to 93%, meeting the narrative writing skill indicators (Bouato et al.
, 2025:.
According to other studies, using scrapbooks to teach narrative writing at Julang Public Elementary School in Bogor also improves students' writing quality and motivation to learn (Rahayu et al.
, 2024:1.
Even though a number of studies have looked at how scrapbook media have developed in elementary school language or narrative writing instruction, there is still little evidence linking the media to the context of local wisdom as a means of empowering local culture.
However, incorporating local knowledge into educational media could make learning materials more socioculturally relevant and give students real, meaningful learning experiences, which would increase their interest in learning (Yuliastuti and Hendri, 2025:.
According to material experts and subject teachers, research on the creation of scrapbooks based on local wisdom in science education demonstrates that this media can raise learning motivation from the moderate category .
%) to high .
%).
It also has good media validity and quality (Jamilah and Amin, 2025:1.
These studies indicate that scrapbook media that is specifically grounded in local knowledge is desperately needed in order to teach elementary school studentsAiparticularly those at SDN 4 TistaAi how to write narratives.
This type of contextual media not only enhances students' narrative writing abilities but also enhances their local cultural experiences.
This urgency is further supported by the fact that learning media rich in local contexts enables students to connect writing concepts to experiential learning and local cultural values, transforming narrative learning into a tool for developing students' cultural identities as well as language (Hatima et al.
, 2025:488.
Muttaqin et al.
, 2024:9Ae.
The problems that can be formulated in this study are the low narrative writing ability of students at SDN 4 Tista, the minimal use of creative and contextual learning media in narrative learning, and the absence of systematic development of local wisdom-based scrapbook media in the context of elementary school learning.
To answer these problems, this study aims to produce valid, effective, and practical local wisdom-based scrapbook media products as a learning medium for narrative writing for students at SDN 4 Tista.
The usefulness of this research is expected to include theoretical contributions to the development of local culture-based learning media as well as practical benefits as an alternative media that improves the quality of the process and learning outcomes of narrative writing in elementary Based on this description, the development of scrapbook media based on local wisdom is a pedagogical urgency in efforts to improve elementary school students' narrative writing skills.
This media is expected to address the problem of low-quality writing instruction while also providing innovative, contextual literacy learning that is oriented toward strengthening students' character and cultural identity.
Method 1 Type of Research This research uses a research and development (R&D) method.
Essentially, the R&D method is a method for developing new products or refining existing ones (Judijanto et al.
, 2024:.
This method aims to produce a digital scrapbook based on local wisdom and to test its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in teaching elementary school students to write narrative texts.
The product developed is JURNAL Pendidikan dasar dan Keguruan JURNAL Pendidikan Dasar dan Keguruan Volume 11.
No.
1, 2026
P-ISSN: 2527-578X
E-ISSN: 2715-2818
Homepage: https://journal.
id/index.
php/JPDK/index a digital scrapbook designed using the Canva platform and used as an interactive visual learning 2 Time and Place of the Research The research was conducted in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year, from January to June 2025.
The research location was at Tista 4 Public Elementary School.
Cluster VI Tista.
Busungbiu District.
Buleleng Regency.
3 Research Targets and Subjects The target of this research is to produce digital scrapbook media based on local wisdom that is feasible, practical, and effective for use in teaching narrative writing.
The research subjects included:
ourth-grade students of SD Negeri 4 Tista as subjects for the practicality and effectiveness test of the media, fourth-grade teachers of SD Negeri 4 Tista as subjects for the practicality test of the media, and material experts, media experts, and language experts as product validators.
Since there were only 24 fourth-grade students, all of the students were included in the study, so the student subjects were chosen using a total sampling technique.
4 Research Prosedure The research procedure refers to the Borg and Gall research and development model, simplified into seven stages (Lukman et al.
, 2021:9Ae.
, namely:
potential and problem analysis, needs analysis and data collection, designing a digital scrapbook based on local wisdom using Canva, product validation by material, media, and language experts, product revision based on validator input, product trial to assess the practicality and effectiveness of the media, and final product refinement.
The digital scrapbook was developed as an interactive visual medium containing text, illustrations, images of local culture, and narrative writing activities.
It can be accessed through digital devices such as laptops, tablets, or smartphones.
5 Research Data and Instruments The research data consisted of quantitative and qualitative data.
Quantitative data were obtained from expert validation results, a practicality questionnaire, and the results of a test on students' narrative writing skills.
Qualitative data were obtained from validator suggestions and input, as well as teacher and student responses to the use of digital scrapbooks.
The research instruments included:
expert validation, to obtain data on the feasibility of the digital scrapbook media from the material, media, and language aspects.
questionnaires, to collect data on the practicality of the media based on teacher and student tests, to measure the effectiveness of using local wisdom-based digital scrapbooks by comparing pretest and posttest results with students' narrative writing skills.
6 Data Collection Techniques Data collection techniques were carried out through:
validasi ahli, untuk memperoleh data kelayakan media scrapbook digital dari aspek materi, media, dan bahasa.
angket, untuk mengumpulkan data kepraktisan media berdasarkan respons guru dan siswa.
tes, untuk mengukur keefektifan penggunaan scrapbook digital berbasis kearifan lokal melalui perbandingan hasil pretest dan posttest keterampilan menulis teks narasi siswa.
JURNAL Pendidikan dasar dan Keguruan JURNAL Pendidikan Dasar dan Keguruan Volume 11.
No.
1, 2026
P-ISSN: 2527-578X
E-ISSN: 2715-2818
Homepage: https://journal.
id/index.
php/JPDK/index 7 Data Analysis Techniques Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques.
Quantitative analysis was used to calculate the percentage of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the digital scrapbook media.
The results of the analysis were converted into predetermined feasibility criteria.
Meanwhile, qualitative data were analyzed descriptively to interpret validator suggestions and input, as well as user responses, as a basis for improving the developed digital scrapbook media.
Results and Discussion This research resulted in a digital scrapbook product based on local wisdom for narrative writing instruction for fourth-grade students at SDN 4 Tista.
The product was developed through the stages of the Borg and Gall model, which included expert validation, product revision, limited trials, and use The research results are presented in tabular and descriptive form and then analyzed before 1 Results of Material Expert Validation Material expert validation aimed to assess the suitability of the digital scrapbook content to core competencies, indicators, learning objectives, material depth, and relevance to local wisdom.
Table 1 Material Expert Validation Results Revision Stage Score Total Percentage Criteria Revision I 73,3% Good Revision II Very Good (Source: Data processed by researchers, 2.
Based on Table 1, there was an increase from 73.
3% in Revision I to 100% in Revision II.
This improvement demonstrates that improvements in material completeness, conceptual accuracy, and relevance to the local context have met the eligibility standards.
The 100% validity of the material demonstrates that the digital scrapbook aligns with the curriculum's requirements and the characteristics of elementary school students.
The integration of local wisdom into the material was also deemed relevant and contextual, thus supporting meaningful Therefore, the media was deemed highly suitable in terms of material.
2 Media Expert Validation Results Media expert validation was conducted to assess the visual appearance, layout, typography, color combinations, image quality, and ease of navigation within the digital scrapbook.
Table 2 Media Expert Validation Results Revision Stage Score Total Percentage Criteria
Revision I 46,7% Fair
Revision II
93,3%
Very Good (Source: Data processed by Researcher, 2.
The data in Table 2 shows a significant increase from 46.
7% to 93.
Improvements were made to the proportion of text and images, design consistency, and simplification of visual elements to reduce complexity.
Good visual design plays a role in attracting attention and increasing student learning motivation.
The improved score indicates that the design revisions successfully improved the graphical and aesthetic aspects of the media.
With a score of 93.
3%, the media was deemed very suitable from a media perspective and ready for testing.
3 Linguist Validation Results The linguist validation aimed to assess the accuracy of sentence structure, use of PUEBI (Indonesian Language and Education Standard.
, readability, and the language's suitability for the developmental level of elementary school students.
Table 3 Linguist Validation Results Revision Stage
Revision I Revision II
JURNAL Pendidikan dasar dan Keguruan Score Total
Percentage 56,7% Criteria
Fair
Very Good
JURNAL
Pendidikan Dasar dan Keguruan Volume 11.
No.
1, 2026
P-ISSN: 2527-578X
E-ISSN: 2715-2818
Homepage: https://journal.
id/index.
php/JPDK/index (Source: Data processed by Researchers, 2.
The results show an increase from 56,7% to 100%.
Improvements were made to simplify sentences, use consistent punctuation, and use communicative language.
Clear and communicative language is crucial for the success of learning media.
After the revision, all language suitability indicators were met.
This indicates that the digital scrapbook complies with Indonesian language rules and is easy for students to understand.
4 Practicality Test Results A practicality test was conducted on six fourth-grade students using a student response questionnaire after using the media in learning.
Students Average Criteria
Ease of Use Aspect
1 2 3
3 4 4
4 4 4
3 3 3
4 3 3
3 3 4
4 4 4
Table 4 Results of the Media Practicality Test
Assessment Items Material Media Media Efficiency of Clarity Interest
Benefits Use Aspect
Aspect
Aspect
Aspect
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4 3 3 3 3 4
4 4 4 4 3 3
4 3 3 4 4 4
3 3 4 3 4 4
4 4 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 3
Total Score Percentage 88,3% 93,3% 86,7% 88,3% 81,7% 98,3% 89,4% Very Good (Source: Data processed by researchers, 2.
The average percentage of 89.
4% indicates that students considered the media easy to use, interesting, and helpful in writing narratives.
The high level of practicality indicates that the media is not only theoretically feasible but also easy to apply in real-life learning.
Students found it helpful in generating ideas and developing a storyline, which were previously major difficulties in writing 5 Product Revision Product revisions were made based on the validation results from material experts, media experts, and language experts in the first revision phase.
Improvements focused on refining the content, visual design, and language use to align with the characteristics of elementary school students.
For the material aspect, the validator suggested adding examples of narrative texts based on local wisdom that are more contextualized to the environment of the students at SDN 4 Tista.
Furthermore, learning indicators were clarified to align with the core competencies being used.
For the media aspect, the layout was improved, the font size adjusted to be more proportional, and decorative elements that were too busy were This revision aimed to improve readability and focus students' attention on the main For the language aspect, sentence structure was simplified, punctuation improved, and diction was adjusted to be more communicative and appropriate for the cognitive development level of fourthgrade students.
After the revisions, the product was revalidated and received a Very Good rating, thus being declared suitable for the effectiveness trial phase.
6 Media Effectiveness Test Results The effectiveness test was conducted by comparing the pretest and posttest results of fourth-grade students at SDN 4 Tista's narrative writing skills after using a digital scrapbook based on local wisdom.
Based on the data analysis, the average pretest score was 55.
The lowest pretest score was 31.
while the highest score was 81.
These data indicate that students' initial narrative writing skills are still in the adequate category, with some students still in the low category, particularly in terms of narrative structure and writing mechanics.
JURNAL Pendidikan dasar dan Keguruan JURNAL Pendidikan Dasar dan Keguruan Volume 11.
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1, 2026
P-ISSN: 2527-578X
E-ISSN: 2715-2818
Homepage: https://journal.
id/index.
php/JPDK/index Table 5 Comparison of Pretest and Posttest Scores for Narrative Writing Skills Description Number of Students Highest Score
Lowest Score
Average Average Difference Pretest
81,25
31,25
55,47
Posttest
93,75
78,91
23,44
(Source: Data processed by Researcher, 2.
According to Table 5, the average pretest score was 55,47, while the average posttest score increased to 78,91.
The lowest score also increased from 31,25 to 50, while the highest score increased from 81,25 to 93,75.
The average difference of 23,44 points indicates an improvement in students' narrative writing skills after using the local wisdom-based digital scrapbook.
This improvement was evident in aspects of content, narrative structure, word choice, and writing mechanics.
These results show that the media developed is effective in improving the narrative text writing skills of fourth-grade students at SDN 4 Tista.
Table 6 Comparison of Student Learning Completion Category Pretest Posttest Completed (Ou.
3 students 18 students Incompleted (<.
21 students 6 students (Source: Data processed by Researcher, 2.
Before using the media, only 3 students achieved learning completion.
After using the digital scrapbook, the number of students who completed the learning increased to 18.
This indicates that the local wisdom-based digital scrapbook effectively improved students' learning completion in writing narrative texts.
The results of the study indicate that the local wisdom-based digital scrapbook media met the criteria for validity, practicality, and effectiveness in teaching narrative writing to fourth-grade students at SDN 4 Tista.
The media's validity, which achieved a very good category in terms of material, media, and language, indicates that the developed product aligns with the basic competencies and cognitive development characteristics of elementary school students.
This aligns with the opinion that good learning media must meet the appropriateness of content, language, and graphics to optimally support the achievement of learning objectives.
From a practical perspective, the average student response of 89,4% indicates that the media is easy to use, engaging, and helps students understand the steps of narrative writing.
Interactive visual media is known to increase learning motivation because it involves elements of images, colors, and layouts that attract students' attention.
This is in line with visual learning theory, which states that the combination of text and visuals can improve retention and understanding of concepts more effectively than text alone (Rochaendi et al.
, 2024:.
Thus, digital scrapbooks function not only as an aid but also as a cognitive stimulus that strengthens students' knowledge construction process.
The results of the effectiveness test showed an increase in the average student score from 55,47 in the pretest to 78,91 in the posttest.
This 23,44-point increase indicates that the use of digital scrapbooks based on local wisdom had a positive impact on narrative writing skills.
This improvement was particularly evident in aspects of narrative structure and word choice, which were previously key weaknesses for students.
This finding aligns with research that suggests scrapbooks are effective in improving narrative writing skills because they provide a visual framework that helps students organize ideas coherently (Fatwiyah and Rukmi, 2023:1.
The integration of local wisdom in digital scrapbooks also significantly contributed to improved learning outcomes.
Materials based on local cultural experiences enabled students to connect learning to their real lives, facilitating the process of exploring ideas and developing stories.
This contextual approach aligns with contextual teaching and learning theory, which emphasizes the importance of linking learning materials to students' real-life experiences for more meaningful learning (Kholid.
JURNAL Pendidikan dasar dan Keguruan JURNAL Pendidikan Dasar dan Keguruan Volume 11.
No.
1, 2026
P-ISSN: 2527-578X
E-ISSN: 2715-2818
Homepage: https://journal.
id/index.
php/JPDK/index 2023:.
Other research also shows that integrating local culture into learning media can significantly increase student motivation and engagement (Yuliastuti and Hendri, 2025:.
Furthermore, the increase in learning completion from 3 to 18 students indicates that digital scrapbooks can help a majority of students achieve the established competency standards.
This demonstrates that the developed media is not only effective for students with high abilities but also helps students with low initial abilities improve their writing skills.
Therefore, digital scrapbooks based on local wisdom can be an alternative, innovative medium for literacy learning in elementary schools.
Overall, the findings of this study reinforce the urgency of developing creative, contextual, and culturally based learning media to improve students' narrative writing skills.
Digital scrapbooks based on local wisdom have been proven to address the problem of students' low narrative writing skills and provide learning that is more meaningful, engaging, and relevant to students' lives.
Conclusion Based on the results of the research and development of local wisdom-based digital scrapbook media for narrative writing learning for fourth-grade students at SDN 4 Tista, it can be concluded that the developed media meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.
Validation results by material experts, media experts, and language experts indicate that the digital scrapbook is categorized as very good after revision.
This indicates that the media aligns with basic competencies, student characteristics, and applicable language rules.
Therefore, the local wisdom-based digital scrapbook is deemed suitable for use in narrative writing learning in elementary schools.
The results of the practicality test indicate that the media is easy to use, engaging, and helps students understand the steps of narrative writing.
Positive student responses indicate that the visual display, local culture-based illustrations, and structured writing activities can increase student engagement and motivation.
Furthermore, the results of the effectiveness test showed an increase in students' average score from 55,47 in the pretest to 78,91 in the posttest.
This increase indicates that the use of local wisdom-based digital scrapbooks is effective in improving students' narrative writing skills.
In general, this study shows that the integration of local wisdom into learning media not only enriches the learning context but also helps students develop story ideas in a more authentic and meaningful way.
Therefore, digital scrapbook media based on local wisdom can be recommended as an alternative innovative media in literacy learning in elementary schools.
For further research, it is recommended that similar media development be applied to different materials or grade levels and tested using a broader experimental design to obtain more comprehensive results.
Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the principal of SD Negeri 4 Tista for granting permission and support in conducting this research.
He also thanks the fourth-grade teacher and all students who actively participated during the media trial process.
He also extends his deepest appreciation to the validators, including material experts, media experts, and language experts, for their constructive input and suggestions, which greatly assisted in refining the product.
He also expresses his gratitude to all parties who provided moral and academic support, enabling the successful implementation of this Bibliography