Zolotar, Olha O., Mykola M. Zaitsev, Vitalii V. Topolnitskyi, Kostiantyn I.
Bieliakov, and Ihor M. Koropatnik, “Prospects and Current Status of Defence
Information Security in Ukraine.” Hasanuddin Law Review 8 no. 1 (2022): 1829. DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v8i1.3582

HasanuddinLawReview
Volume 8 Issue 1, April 2022
P-ISSN: 2442-9880, E-ISSN: 2442-9899
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Prospects and Current Status of Defence Information
Security in Ukraine
Olha O. Zolotar1, Mykola M. Zaitsev2, Vitalii V. Topolnitskyi3, Kostiantyn I. Bieliakov4,
Ihor M. Koropatnik5
1 Scientific Research Institute of Informatics and Law, the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine. E-

mail: zolotar8120-2@edu-knu.com
2 Department for Regulation of Development and Application and Support, Central Research Institute of the Armed

Forces of Ukraine, Ukraine. E-mail: zaitsev8120-2@neu.com.de
of Military Legislation Problems, National Defence University of Ukraine named after Ivan
Cherniakhovskyi, Ukraine. E-mail: topolnitskyi8120-2@acu-edu.cc
4 Department of Information Law Theory, History and Philosophy, Scientific Research Institute of Informatics and Law,
the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine. E-mail: bieliakov8120-2@sci-univ.com
5 Department of Legal Support, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: koropatnik81202@edu.cn.ua
3 Department

Abstract: Relevance of the article - security has always been one of the priority issues of state policy.
Considering that the defence forces are an inseparable part of state security, studying their information
security is essential. The feasibility of this study is confirmed by the fact that in the current conditions of
development of the information society, the information technology of the Ukrainian defence forces must
adapt to the current challenges and threats, to ensure proper protection of information of strategic
importance to the state and collected, consolidated and stored by the defence forces. This article aims to
identify problems of information security of defense forces in Ukraine to find ways of their elimination.
Formal logical, systemic structural, comparative and legal methods were used to conduct the research. It
is stated that by dividing the information space and cyber space, the legislator has laid down legal regulation
of protection of the state's information space. It is understood that the Lithuanian and Latvian forces for
combating threats to the information space were consolidated within the structure of the Ministry of
Defence. Consequently, the authorities argue that the system of entities responsible for protecting the
information space needs to be optimized, creating conditions for state-private cooperation in this area, as
in the case of Germany, and providing these entities with qualified employees. The results obtained are
important for research, law-making and law enforcement activities.
Keywords: Information Space; Cyberspace; Telecommunication Technology; Global Information System;
State Security; Legal Regulation

1. Introduction
Given modern global and regional information confrontations, destructive
communicative influences, the collision of national information interests that have
different vectors, and the spread of information expansion and aggression, the priority
strategic tasks of states in the system of global information relations become the
protection and security of the national information space. To preserve information
sovereignty and form an effective information security system is an urgent issue for
Ukraine, which is often the object of external information expansion, manipulative

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propaganda technologies, and destructive information invasion. Moreover, the RussianUkrainian conflict intensifies the need to protect the national information space from
negative information and psychological influences, operations, and wars. The task to
ensure information security and sovereignty acquires special importance and becomes a
factor in the preservation of the national identity of Ukraine and its status as a sovereign
and independent state.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the United Nations,
recognizes that the proliferation of information and communication technologies and the
global interconnection of networks create significant opportunities to accelerate
progress in all areas of human life and bridge the already existing digital divide.
Considering this, this agenda calls on every state to take measures aimed at significantly
expanding access to information and communication technologies and to strive for
universal access to the Internet in the least developed countries.1
Despite the number of benefits associated with the proliferation of information and
telecommunications technologies, they threaten the security of the state’s information
space. This is confirmed by the consequences of the Petya virus attacks, which have
increased Ukraine’s anti-rating in information security issues and have caused significant
damage to European countries. This virus has become a kind of indicator of the status of
national and international tools aimed at protecting the information space from existing
threats. At the same time, it put on the agenda a number of important tasks, in particular,
consolidating the policies of all states in the area of developing high-quality security
standards for the information space, software for government structures, creating state
agencies responsible for the formation and implementation of policies in this area.
Information space security is a key task for a number of authorities today, including
entities belonging to the state’s defence forces. In Ukraine, such entities include the
Armed Forces of Ukraine, but in modern conditions, even the information and
telecommunication systems of the latter are being attacked from sources geographically
located around the world. Thus, according to the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, in 2019,
52.97% of the attacks were from the Russian Federation, 13.99% from China, 6.50% from
the United States, 5.89% from Kazakhstan, 4.31% from Iran, 3.87% from Israel, etc. This
confirms that the information and telecommunication systems of the Armed Forces of
Ukraine are daily exposed to significant threats, while they belong to the subjects
responsible for the state security, which is also a component of information security.
Accordingly, in the context of threats both to the security of the information space of the
state as an object and to the information and telecommunication system of authorized
entities, issues of strengthening the information security of the defence forces are
becoming especially relevant.
It is worth noting that, despite the relevancy of the issue of information space security in
the socio-political discourse, many authors point that it is understudied in the scientific
literature. M. Nieles, K. Dempsey, V.Ya. Pillitteri define information security as the
protection of information and information systems from unauthorized access, use,
1
“Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” United Nations,
2015, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20
Development%20web.pdf

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disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction in order to ensure confidentiality,
integrity, and accessibility. According to scientists, information is facts or ideas that can
be presented (coded) in the form of various forms of data; knowledge (e.g., data,
instructions) in any medium or form that may be communication between the entities of
the system2.
Information security is a component of Ukraine’s military security since there is a direct
dependence on the implementation of Ukraine’s most important interests in the military
sphere on information threats. It is worth paying attention to the opinion of E.S. Pelevina
who emphasizes the close relationship between the problem of information security and
the concepts of international security and economic globalization. Thus, the key need of
the state today is the need to create the conditions necessary for its functioning and
development.3 At the same time, the rapid spread of information and telecommunication
technologies and the need to minimize the risks posed by them put the world community
at risk of maintaining international security4.
International information security implies the protection of the global information system
from terrorist, criminal and military-political threats. The discussion of this issue raised at
the Conference on Information Community and Development, held in South Africa in May
1996, led to the adoption in 1998 of the Resolution No. 53/70 Developments in the field
of information and telecommunications in the context of international security at the
53rd session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. The above resolution
recognized for the first time at the international level the possibility of the negative
consequences of the spread and use of information technologies and means 5.
The protection of the information space of the state against internal and external threats
is usually the responsibility of specially authorized entities. In particular, according to the
Concept of Development of the Security and Defence Sector of Ukraine in 2016, ensuring
information and cybersecurity is one of the tasks of the security and defence sector6.
However, foreign experience, particularly that of the USA and Israel, shows that the
security and defence sector structure has its own information security system, which has
the functions and tasks of identifying and neutralizing information security threats information security and defence threats.
At the same time, information security and cybersecurity cannot be considered to be the
sole task of state security and defence authorities since. As Alan Ho Wei Seng points out,
the key task is the close cooperation with all actors at the national level and with the
competent authorities at the international level on the timely exchange of information
on probable threats, search and optimization of areas for the prevention of threats to
2 Nieles, Michael, Kelley Dempsey, and Victoria Yan Pillitteri. "An introduction to information security." NIST special
publication 800, no. 12 (2017): 101. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-12r1
3 Yaroshenko, O., Melnychuk, N., Moroz, S., Havrylova, O., and Yaryhina, Y.,“Features of Remote Work in Ukraine and
the European Union: Comparative Legal Aspect,” Hasanuddin Law Review, 7, no. 3 (2021), 136-149. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v7i3.3218
4 E. S. Pelevina, “Political problems of international relations, global and regional development,” Theories and
Problems of Political Studies 6, no. 1A (2017): 194-205.
5 Pelevina, “Political problems of international relations,” 198-199.
6 “Decree on the Decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine as of March 4, 2016 on the Concept
of Development of the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine as of March 14, 2016,” President of Ukraine, 2016,
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/92/2016#n12

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Hasanuddin Law Rev. 8(1): 18-29

information space7. Moreover, cooperation between the entities of different countries,
as well as the latter with international structures, is one of the conditions for their
successful activity in any field. The confirmation is the study by O.O. Vakulyk, N.S.
Andriichenko, O.M. Reznik, V.V.Volik, K.D. Yanishevska, which emphasizes the need to
improve the activities of the entities engaged in the fight against financial crime based on
establishing interaction with the authorized bodies at national and international levels 8.
Thus, considerable attention is paid to the issue of information security in the scientific
doctrine; at the same time, we consider it appropriate to disclose the information security
of the defence forces of Ukraine in more detail, which will both deepen existing scientific
works on this topic and determine the most optimal ways to eliminate existing
shortcomings in this sphere.

2. Method
The study of information security issues of the Ukrainian Defence Forces was conducted
using formal logical, comparative legal and systemic-structural methods. Thus, the formal
logical method was used to investigate the legal framework of information security of the
defence forces of Ukraine. A comparison of the legal rules of national legislation, as well
as the experience of ensuring information security of the defence forces of Lithuania and
Ukraine, was carried out using the comparative legal method. The systemic-structural
method allowed analyzing the latest scientific publications devoted to the study of
information security issues of the state defence forces, summarize and present the
results of the study. The study of information security issues of the Ukrainian Defence
Forces was conducted using general and special scientific methods: logical and sematic
method, logical and legal method, method of critical analysis, comparative and legal
method, systemic and structural method. The logical and sematic method made it
possible to disclose the content of information, information security of the state and
international information security, to reveal the difference between information security
and cybersecurity, to identify subjects of the Ukrainian defence forces.
The logical and legal method was used to investigate the legal framework of information
security of the defence forces of Ukraine. Method of critical analysis became the basis for
analyzing the latest scientific publications devoted to the study of information security
issues of the state defence forces and powers of subjects of the Ukrainian defence forces
in the sphere of information security management. A comparison of the legal rules of
national legislation, as well as the experience of ensuring information security of the
defence forces of Lithuania and Ukraine, was carried out using the comparative and legal
method. The comparative and legal method also allowed to reveal features of publicprivate cooperation in Germany at the sphere of information security of defence forces.
The systemic and structural method was used for generalization and presentation results
of the study.

7 A.H.W. Seng, “Cyber-attacks and the roles the military can play to support the national cyber security efforts,”
Pointer 42, no. 3 (2016): 27-37.
8 O.O. Vakulyk et al., “International aspect of a legal regulation in the field of financial crime counteraction by the
example of special services of Ukraine and the CIS countries,” Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues 22, no.1
(2019): 1-7

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3. Results
The legislation of Ukraine pays considerable attention to the legal regulation of the
security of the information space of the state. First, the 1992 Law of Ukraine on
Information enshrines the concept of “information” and its types. Second, the content of
the concept of “information security” is defined at the legislative level. According to the
Law of Ukraine On the Fundamental Principles of Information Society Development in
Ukraine for 2007-2015 dated January 9, 2007, information security is a state of protection
of vital interests of the individual, society and the state, which prevents damage caused
by incomplete, untimely and unreliable information used; negative informational impact;
negative consequences of the use of information technology; unauthorized distribution,
use, violation of the integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility of information 9.
Third, national legislation contains definitions of information security and cybersecurity,
as evidenced by the Law of Ukraine on Basic Principles of Ensuring Cybersecurity of
Ukraine dated October 5, 2017, the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine dated March 15,
2016, the Concept for the Development of the Security and Defence Sector of Ukraine
dated March 14, 2016. At the same time, it is not functionally possible to separate
information and cybernetic spaces, and if we pay attention to the practical
implementation of legal provisions, then the separate existence of information and
cybersecurity is an unacceptable methodological mistake that negates all attempts to
counteract modern information threats.
Fourth, the definition of information security enshrined by the Law of Ukraine On the
Fundamental Principles of Information Society Development in Ukraine for 2007-2015
demonstrates that it is an integrated part of national security10. Regarding information
security in the light of information one, we should analyze its important aspect – legal
support. We can also define legal support of information security as the direction to
implement organizational and legal measures to counter these threats. Therefore, to
provide a complex examination of information security, the content of its legal support
needs to be determined (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Content of legal support of information security

Source: Developed by authors.
9 “Law of Ukraine on the Fundamental Principles of Information Society Development in Ukraine for 2007-2015,”
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2007, https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/537-16
10 Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine “Law of Ukraine on the Fundamental Principles of Information Society Development in
Ukraine for 2007-2015”

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Fifth, in addition to legislatively defining the concept of “information security”, the
Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine has identified current threats to national
security in the information sphere, which include:
1. Special information operations aimed at undermining defence capabilities,
demoralizing personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military
formations, exacerbating and destabilizing the socio-political and socio-economic
situation, stirring up interethnic and interfaith conflicts in Ukraine;
2. Special information operations in other countries by the aggressor state in order to
create a negative image of Ukraine in the world;
3. Information expansion of the aggressor state through expansion of its own
information infrastructure on the territory of Ukraine and in other states;
4. Information domination of the aggressor state in the temporarily occupied
territories;
5. Insufficient development of the national information infrastructure, which limits the
ability of Ukraine to effectively counteract information aggression, proactively act in
the information sphere to realize the national interests of Ukraine;
6. Inefficient state information policy, imperfect legal regulation of public relations in
the information sphere;
7. Insufficient level of media culture of society;
8. Spreading calls for radical action, promoting autonomous concepts of coexistence of
regions in Ukraine11.
Analyzing the threats to the information space enshrined in the Information Security
Doctrine dated February 25, 2017, it is possible to see that they are directly or indirectly
aimed at destabilizing the state’s capabilities in the sphere of defence, military sphere,
and maximizing the blocking of capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Therefore,
the national information policy should be aimed primarily at the following tasks:
1. To rethink the concept of the information tasks facing the Ukrainian government and
society as a whole;
2. To protect the Ukrainian information space from the propaganda audio-visual and
printed materials of the country-aggressor;
3. To provide large financial, informational, and institutional support for the
development of Ukrainian information content;
4. To develop an individual effective model of the national information space and
ensure the development of the information society;
5. To update the state information security system, form and implement an effective
information policy;
6. To improve legislation in the field of information security, harmonize the national
legislation with international standards, and provide effective legal regulation of
information processes;
7. To develop national information infrastructure;
11 “Decree No. 47/2017 on the Decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine as of December 29,
2016 on the Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine as of February 25, 2017,” President of Ukraine, 2017,
https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/472017-21374

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8. To promote and increase the competitiveness of domestic information products and
information services;
9. To ensure a powerful information and communication presence of Ukraine in the
international information space.
Considering this, the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine introduced the military standard VST
01.004.004-2014 (01) “Information security of the state in the military sphere. Terms and
definitions.” This standard is important because it defines narrower categories, thus
defining “information support (in the military sphere)” as a set of measures of military
authorities of all levels, actions of troops (forces) and other entities of information
activities for the purpose of creating (forming) and using the necessary information
resources in the information space of the military sphere for the implementation of
management processes in the interests of the defence of the state12.
O.V. Ustymenko and Yu.V. Sarychev draw attention to the fact that the specified standard
leaves aside the information support of the management of the defence forces, whereas
in the conditions of armed conflict in the east of Ukraine it is incumbent upon it to
respond promptly to new circumstances and make informed decisions, predict its
possible consequences. However, such tasks cannot be accomplished without objective
information on the state of affairs in eastern Ukraine in the military and other fields. For
this reason, scientists propose to optimize the definition of information support (in the
military sphere) and to define in the specified standard the concept of “information
support for the system of strategic management of the defence forces” as a set of
measures of military management bodies of all levels and actions of troops (forces) and
other subjects of information activity for the purpose of creation (formation), use and
protection of the necessary information resources in the information space of military
sphere and their timely provision for management processes (functions) in the interests
of strategic management of the defence forces13.
At the same time, certain principles of information security of the Ukrainian Defence
Forces are contained in such documents as the Military Doctrine of Ukraine of September
24, 2015 and the Strategic Defence Bulletin of Ukraine of May 20, 2016. In particular,
item 17 of the Military Doctrine of Ukraine states that, based on the principles of state
policy in the foreign and domestic spheres, as well as actual threats to the national
security of Ukraine, one of the objectives of military policy in the medium term is to create
a unified system of intelligence and appropriate infrastructure information processing in
the time mode close to real14. This provision indicates that today Ukraine is not able to
respond promptly to changes in the information space, to quickly process the necessary
information for military security, which is undoubtedly a significant drawback that
reduces the capabilities of the country’s defence forces.

12 “Military standard. Information security of the state in the military sphere. Terms and definitions: VST 01.004.004
- 2019 (02),” Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, 2019, https://nuou.org.ua/assets/documents/VST %2001-004-002
2019.pdf
13 O. V. Ustymenko and Yu. O. Sarychev, “Information support for the system of strategic management of the defense
forces,” Bulletin of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine 1, (2019): 11-17.
14 “Decree on the decision of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine as of September 2, 2015 on the
new version of the Military Doctrine of Ukraine as of September 24, 2015,” President of Ukraine, 2015,
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/555/2015

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Hasanuddin Law Rev. 8(1): 18-29

However, if we analyze the powers of the subjects of the Ukrainian defence forces, which
include the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the State Service for Special Communications and
Information Protection of Ukraine, the State Special Transport Service, and other military
units formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, as well as law enforcement and
intelligence agencies, in terms of involving them in the accomplishment of the state
defence tasks, it can be concluded that the main part of the powers in the information
sphere rests with the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine and the State Special Liaison
and Information Protection Service of Ukraine. The tasks of the first service are to obtain
intelligence information, carry out special measures aimed at counteracting external
threats to the national security of Ukraine in the information sphere, and the task of the
second service is to ensure the functioning of the government communication of the
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with officials of the Armed Forces
of Ukraine, military formations, special-purpose law enforcement agencies during their
stay in the control points and to ensure the cyber defence of critical infrastructure15.
According to the Strategic Defence Bulletin of Ukraine, in order to achieve one of the
operational goals of the defence reform, which should be completed by the end of 2020,
it is envisaged to establish a unit for cyber defence in the structure of the Ministry of
Defence of Ukraine and to implement information protection measures in accordance
with the requirements of regulatory acts of Ukraine, taking into account NATO and
ISO/IEC standards16.
Analyzing the system of authorities responsible for ensuring the information space
security in Ukraine, it is possible to make a clear conclusion about its complexity. Today,
the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, the State Service for Special Communication and
Information Protection of Ukraine, the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine, the
Security Service of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, the Office of Intelligence of
the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine function in this area. In fact, it is more urgent
to ensure the coordination of the activities of these entities rather than to create new
ones. Another way of optimizing the activities of these entities may be to simplify their
powers to protect the information space in Ukraine.
If we pay attention to the experience of Lithuania, Infostruktura, which owns the state
data transmission network, was subordinated to the Ministry of Defence of Lithuania in
2017 in order to strengthen the protection of the information space; the National
Cybersecurity Center under the Ministry became the only state body in the country’s
defence system, which tasks include ensuring monitoring, control over the
implementation of the necessary security requirements and the management of cyber
incidents. The National Cyber Security Center of Lithuania monitors state information
resources, analyzes the situation in the cybersecurity field, develops cybersecurity plans
for critical infrastructure. The Ministry of Defence of Lithuania has the Department of
Cybersecurity and Information Technology, which is responsible for shaping national
policies in the field of communications and information systems and cyber defence.
15 President of Ukraine, “Decree on the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine as of
September 2, 2015 on the new version of the Military Doctrine of Ukraine as of September 24, 2015”
16 “Decree on the Decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine of May 20, 2016 on the Strategic
Defense Bulletin of Ukraine as of June 06, 2016,” President of Ukraine, 2016, https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/
show/240/2016#n10

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It is worth paying attention to the experience of Latvia, where the Ministry of Defence
combined the functions of the state’s cybersecurity and electronic security services. In
particular, in 2013, the Ministry of Defence took over the management of the National
Council for Information Technology Security. In addition, in 2014, the cybersecurity unit,
Emerson Security, was formed within the structure of the National Armed Forces of the
Republic of Latvia. A feature of its activity is the involvement of private and public sector
representatives simultaneously in order to prevent cyber-incidents and minimize the
effects of cyber-incidents17. To strengthen the security of the information space of the
Ukrainian Defence Forces, it is important to update the relevant system of subjects and
to improve the interaction between them, to establish public-private cooperation, to
provide qualified personnel, etc.

4. Discussion
Improving the information security of the Ukrainian Defence Forces is an issue that
requires a comprehensive approach; one of the possible areas is updating the system of
entities responsible for collecting, storing and protecting strategic information of the
state defence forces. At the same time, interaction should be established between these
entities. In support of the above, we note that, according to S. Boes and E.R. Leukfeldt, a
formalized cooperation between public authorities and stakeholders is one of the ways
to strengthen the information security of the state18. In the field of public-private
cooperation, the experience of Germany is progressive, where the Law on Information
Security was adopted to prevent attacks on important information systems of the state.
It enshrines the basic principles of interaction between the state, which is represented
by the relevant authorities, and citizens. This law sets minimum information security
standards for critical infrastructure companies. Accordingly, these minimum
requirements must be ensured through the accessibility, authenticity, confidentiality and
integrity of IT security throughout Germany, enhancing Internet security for citizens,
introducing uniform standards for the protection of national critical infrastructure.
For Ukraine, the experience of these states is new, but it can be used to improve the state
of information security of the defence forces in the country). Obviously, in Germany, the
basis for public-private cooperation in the field of protecting the information space is the
establishment of uniform requirements, which simplifies the monitoring of compliance
by entities with these requirements and improves communication between the state and
citizens. Considering the improvement of information security of the defence forces in
Ukraine, it would be advisable to use the experience of Germany and legislatively
introduce uniform standards of information security for defence forces and critical
infrastructure.
Particular attention should be paid to staffing the defence forces with qualified personnel
in the field of protecting the information space.19 Without a detailed description of the
personnel of each structure belonging to the defence forces, we suggest focusing on the
17 O. Hapieieva, “Cyber security in the Baltic States: a historical retrospective,” Skhid 6, no. 152 (2017): 34–40.
18 S. Boes, and E. R. Leukfeldt, “Fighting cybercrime: a joint effort,” Cyber-Physical Security: Protecting Critical
Infrastructure at the State and Local Level 3, (2017): 185-203.
19 Suryaatmadja, Shannon, Vicia Sacharissa, and Konrardus Elias Liat Tedemaking. "The Space Rush: Reviewing
Indonesia’s Space Law in Facing the Rise of Space Mining." Hasanuddin Law Review 6, no. 2 (2020): 125-141.

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Hasanuddin Law Rev. 8(1): 18-29

personnel policy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In particular, the analysis of the content
of the Concept of Military Personnel Policy in the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2020 20
leads to the conclusion that there is no emphasis on the need to provide them with
experts in the information security and cybersecurity, although there is an indication that
the need to improve military personnel policy is driven by changes in national policy
priorities in the national security and defence sector, reforms envisaged by the
Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, ratified by Law of
Ukraine No. 1678-VII dated 16 September 2014 and the need to enhance the
interoperability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with NATO member states’ armed forces
to complete common missions and training. Thus, it is advisable to pay attention to this
in the above concept and to make efforts in this direction.

5. Conclusion
It is almost impossible to determine one area in terms of improving the security of the
information resources of the defence forces, given their interrelation; accordingly, the
development of one of these areas should take into account all aspects. The legislation
of Ukraine defines the concepts of “information”, “information security”, and “defence
forces”. The legislator distinguishes between “information security” and “cybersecurity”,
which significantly complicates the legal regulation of the protection of the information
space of the state and is not supported by some scientists. It is emphasized that the
optimization of the information security of the state as a whole and the defence forces
of Ukraine requires optimizing the system of entities responsible for protecting the
information space, creating conditions for public-private cooperation in this area,
following the example of Germany, and providing these entities with qualified employees.

References
Boes, S. and Leukfeldt, E.R. “Fighting cybercrime: a joint effort.” Cyber-Physical Security:
Protecting Critical Infrastructure at the State and Local Level 3, (2017): 185-203.
Concept of military personnel policy in the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2020. 2020.
http://www.mil.gov.ua/divalnist/kadrova-politika/konczepcziya-kadrovoi-politikiv-zbroinih-silah-ukraini/
Hapieieva, O. “Cyber security in the Baltic States: a historical retrospective.” Skhid 6, no.
152 (2017): 34–40.
Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. “Military standard. Information security of the state in
the military sphere. Terms and definitions: VST 01.004.004 - 2019 (02).” 2019.
https://nuou.org.ua/assets/documents/VST %2001-004-002 2019.pdf
Nieles, Michael, Kelley Dempsey, and Victoria Yan Pillitteri. "An introduction to
information security." NIST special publication 800, no. 12 (2017): 101.
https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-12r1

20 “Concept of military personnel policy in the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2020”, 2020,
http://www.mil.gov.ua/divalnist/kadrova-politika/konczepcziya-kadrovoi-politiki-v-zbroinih-silah-ukraini/

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P-ISSN: 2442-9880, E-ISSN: 2442-9899

Pelevina, E.S. “Political problems of international relations, global and regional
development.” Theories and Problems of Political Studies 6, no. 1A (2017): 194205.
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Defense Council of Ukraine as of December 29, 2016 on the Doctrine of Information
Security of Ukraine as of February 25, 2017.” https://www.president.gov.ua/
documents/472017-21374
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