Volume 10.
Issue 2.
Page 117 Ae 122 e-ISSN: 2354-6050 https://ejurnal.
id/index.
php/JKep DOI:https://doi.
org/10.
32668/jkep.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND WAIST
CIRCUMFERENCE WITH FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE IN
REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN IN IDAMGAMLAMO VILLAGE
Hendrika Eflin Silulu* Abstract Valen F Simak Central obesity and a high body mass index (BMI) are associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as elevated fasting blood glucose related to insulin resistance.
The aim was to analyze the relationship between BMI and waist circumference with fasting blood glucose levels in productiveage women in Idamgamlamo Village.
The research design method used a quantitative cross-sectional approach with 112 female respondents aged 18Ae 59 years who were taken through the total sampling method.
Data were obtained from measuring BMI, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose, then analyzed using the Pearson statistical test for normally distributed data.
The results showed that the majority of respondents had central obesity and BMI in the overweight or obese category.
The Pearson test showed a significant relationship between BMI and fasting blood glucose levels .
= 0.
p = 0.
and between waist circumference and fasting blood glucose levels .
= 0.
p = 0.
, although the strength of the relationship was weak.
In conclusion.
BMI and waist circumference were positively correlated with fasting blood glucose levels.
Septriani Renteng Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Sam Ratulangi.
Manado.
Sulawasi Utara.
Indonesia hendrikasilulu0142@student.
Keywords:
Body Mass Indeks Fasting Blood Glucose Obesity Waist circumference Received: March 2025 Accepted: July 2025 Published:November 2025 A year The Authors.
Published by Published Jurusan Keperawatan.
Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Jakarta i.
This is Open Access article under the CC-BY-SA License .
ttp://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by-sa/4.
0/).
DOI:https://doi.
org/10.
32668/jkep.
obesity among women in North Maluku reached INTRODUCTION The global increase in obesity prevalence has become a major health concern, particularly due to its association with a higher risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
8% 3.
Obesity raises the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases, such as high fasting blood glucose levels .
According to the word Obesity Federation, 2024, the number Obesity can be measured using various parameters, of adults with obesity has risen significantly 50% in recent including Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist years, with a projected surge in cases in developing countries .
Previous studies have demonstrated a In Indonesia, the prevalence of overweight individuals increased relationship between obesity and elevated fasting blood 6% .
4% .
, while obesity rates rose glucose levels, particularly in connection with insulin 8% to 23.
Central obesity also showed a significant A study by Rahmadinia et al.
found that an increase rise from 31% to 36.
North Maluku Province, data in waist circumference is strongly associated with higher from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (Survei fasting blood glucose levels, while other research has Kesehatan Indonesia.
SKI) indicated that 30.
8% of shown that a higher BMI also increases the risk of diabetes women were classified as obese, 15.
5% as overweight, mellitus .
, .
However, discrepancies remain among 3% had a normal BMI, and only 6.
3% were different studies, particularly regarding the strength of the Additionally, the prevalence of central association betweencentral obesity JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
Vol 10 Issue 2.
November 2025.
Page 117-122 e-ISSN: 2354-6050 and fasting blood glucose levels, highlighting the need for Normal .
,5-25,.
further research to clarify this relationship.
And also Overweight .
,1-27,.
related to the impact when the BMI increase and glucose Obesity (>27,.
level in reproductive age women Waist Blood Glucose PERKENI .
, 97 Circumference Kemenkes .
This study aims to analyze the relationship between Body Mass Not centrally obese (< 80 c.
Index (BMI) and waist circumference with fasting blood Centrally obese (>80 c.
Fasting glucose levels in reproductive-age women in Idamgamlamo Village.
The focus on reproductive-age women was chosen Normal .
-99 mg/d.
because this group has a higher risk of obesity and metabolic Pre-Diabetes .
-125 mg/d.
complications due to hormonal factors, dietary patterns, and Diabetes (Ou 126 mg/d.
physical activity levels .
METHOD Source: Primary Data, 2024 This study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative Table 1 shows that the majority of respondents in this approach to analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index study were aged between 18 and 40 years, with most (BMI) and waist circumference with fasting blood glucose working as housewives and having a high school levels in productive-age women in Idamgamlamo Village.
Based on the measurements, most respondents West Halmahera Regency.
112 respondents made up the had a BMI above the normal range, categorized as sample, which was chosen using total sampling based on overweight or obese.
This finding aligns with the fact that the participation requirements of women between the ages the majority of respondents were also classified as of 18-59.
Data collection was completed through direct centrally obese based on their waist circumference.
measurements of body weight, height, waist circumference.
However, fasting blood glucose test results indicated that and fasting blood glucose levels using a digital scale, height most respondents were still within the normal category, measuring device, waist ruler, and a calibrated glucometer.
although some had already fallen into the pre-diabetes Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation Respondents provided informed consent to ensure the Table 2.
Normality Test of Variable Data protection of their rights, while personal information was Variable kept confidential and used solely for research purposes.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1.
Respondent Characteristics Karakteristik Age Occupation Housewife Civil Servant (PNS) Entrepreuner Contract Worker Lecture Retired Pastor Education Junior High School Senior High School Bachelor BMI Kemenkes .
Underweight (<17,0-18,4 Sig.
BMI
0,078
0,090
Waist
0,050
0,200*
blood 0,074 0,168 Circumference Fasting Source: Primary Data, 2024 Table 2 presents the normality test of variable data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test.
The criterion is that if the significance value is above 0.
05, the data is normally distributed.
otherwise, the data is not normally Since the significance values for all three JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
Vol 10 Issue 2.
November 2025.
Page 117-122 e-ISSN: 2354-6050 increases, the body's metabolism tends to slow down, variables are higher than 0.
05, the data is said to have a normal distribution.
physical activity decreases, and hormonal changes such Therefore, the bivariate analysis is continued using as menopause affect fat distribution, especially in the Pearson's correlation test.
abdominal area.
, .
This finding aligns with the fact that Table 3.
Pearson Correlation Test of the Relationship most respondents in this study also experienced central Between Body Mass Index and Fasting Blood Glucose in obesity, characterized by an above- normal waist Reproductive-Age Women in Idamgamlamo Village As visceral fat contributes to the Independent Dependent Variable .
p-value Variable Body inflammation, it is more dangerous than subcutaneous fat.
Mass Fasting Index (BMI) Glucose Waist Fasting Blood0,280 0,03 An increase in waist circumference is a sign of this accumulation .
Blood0,334 0,01 Circumference Glucose The bulk of study participants were housewives who did Source: Primary Data, 2024 not routinely exercise but participated in moderate physical activities like babysitting and cooking.
This Table 3 shows a positive relationship between BMI and result is consistent with research before which found that waist circumference with fasting blood glucose.
The women working as housewives tend to have low physical results of the Pearson correlation test for fasting blood activity levels, increasing the risk of central obesity .
glucose and BMI showed a weak link, with a correlation Additionally, the stress of managing a household can coefficient .
293 and a significance value of 0.
influence eating patterns and metabolism, further raising .
<0.
Meanwhile, the Pearson correlation test for the risk of obesity and blood glucose disorders .
waist circumference and fasting blood glucose showed a correlation coefficient .
334 with a significance The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of value of 0.
<0.
, also indicating a weak correlation.
reproductive age is a multifactorial phenomenon that reflects the These findings imply that an increase in fasting blood interaction of biological, behavioral, reproductive, and socio- glucose levels typically follows an increase in BMI or structural factors.
Biologically, women in this life stage experience waist circumference.
hormonal and metabolic changes that predispose them to weight gain, including pregnancy-related fat deposition and the influence of The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Fasting Blood Glucose reproductive hormones such as estrogen and progesterone on fat storage and energy regulation .
Polycystic ovary syndrome Reproductive-Age Women in Idamgamlamo Village (PCOS) and other endocrine disorders are also more prevalent in Waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) are reproductive-age women, further increasing susceptibility to obesity crucial markers for determining nutritional status and the through insulin resistance and metabolic imbalance .
likelihood of metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus.
BMI is used to classify an individual's nutritional Reproductive events, particularly pregnancy and parity, contribute status.
, while waist circumference reflects body fat substantially to long-term weight gain.
Pregnancy-related weight distribution, particularly visceral fat, which contributes to retention often persists postpartum and accumulates across insulin resistance and metabolic disorders due to its successive pregnancies, increasing the likelihood of obesity later in accumulation around vital organs such as the kidneys, reproductive life.
Studies in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian intestines, and liver .
countries have shown similar patterns, where multiparity is In this study, it was found that the majority of women in significantly associated with higher body mass index (BMI) among Idamgamlamo Village had a BMI classified as overweight reproductive-age women or obese, particularly in the 41Ae59 age group.
As age environmental determinants further exacerbate the .
Socio-behavioral and JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
Vol 10 Issue 2.
November 2025.
Page 117-122 Dietary high-calorie, overweight or obese, there was a significant correlation processed foods, combined with reduced physical activity between BMI, waist circumference, and fasting blood due to urbanization and sedentary lifestyles, contribute to glucose .
, .
Nonetheless, a study by Bohari .
Urbanization, increased Noer & Dieny .
found a strong correlation between income, and changes in food availability have led to a central obesity and elevated fasting blood glucose.
Aunutrition transition,Ay particularly evident in low- and indicating that visceral fat accumulation influences insulin middle-income countries (LMIC.
, including Indonesia resistance more than total body weight .
, .
positive energy balance .
e-ISSN: 2354-6050 In contrast, in high-income countries, obesity is more prevalent among lower socioeconomic groups, reflecting Dietary habits and local culture can impact the body's differences in access to healthy food and opportunities for energy balance, influencing the risk of obesity and blood physical activity .
The low education level of most glucose problems in addition to BMI and waist size.
respondents also impacts their knowledge of healthy Consuming large amounts of food without adequate eating patterns and an active lifestyle, contributing to physical activity can lead to excess calorie intake, which uncontrolled increases in BMI and waist circumference.
may increase the risk of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism disorders, contributing to the development of According to this study, the majority of participants with obesity and diabetes.
Therefore, maintaining a balanced central obesity and BMIs of overweight and obese had diet and leading an active lifestyle are essential for fasting blood glucose levels that were within the normal supporting metabolic health.
Other factors, such as family A person's body composition, physical activity, and history, high-carbohydrate diets, and lack of physical hormones can all have an impact on this.
For instance, activity, can also elevate blood glucose levels and increase higher muscle mass can enhance glucose utilization in the the risk of diabetes .
blood, allowing individuals with a high BMI to maintain The prevention and management of diabetes risk among normal blood glucose levels.
Previous research has women in Idamgamlamo Village can be achieved through revealed that fasting blood glucose levels can be affected health education, community exercise promotion, and by sex hormones, visceral fat, and muscle mass, all of regular health check-ups.
A study before found that a which play a role in glucose metabolism regulation .
seven-day healthy lifestyle education program including Other research indicates that because visceral fat has a restrictions on unhealthy food consumption, increased bigger effect on glucose metabolism than total body mass physical activity, and stress management was effective index, central obesity is more strongly linked to an in reducing body weight and waist circumference.
increased risk of insulin resistance .
Therefore, intervention efforts involving nutritional counseling, exercise promotion, and counseling services The results of this investigation are consistent with those for women with obesity are essential to maintaining a of a study before, which found a strong correlation balanced BMI, waist circumference, and fasting blood between fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, and glucose levels, ultimately preventing the risk of diabetes BMI in women who were overweight or obese.
However, and other metabolic diseases .
a other study which found that among women who were blood glucose levels.
Although theobserved correlation is weak, these findings still indicate a higher metabolic risk for women
CONCLUSION
with central obesity.
Health education, regular medical checkups, and nutritional interventions by dietitians are necessary for There is a significant relationship between Body Mass Index the early detection of metabolic disorders and the efficient (BMI) and waist circumference with fasting blood glucose control of waist circumference and body weight.
To obtain a levels in reproductive-age women, where an increase in BMI more thorough knowledge of the relationship between and waist circumference tends to be accompanied by higher JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
Vol 10 Issue 2.
November 2025.
Page 117-122 e-ISSN: 2354-6050 obesity and fasting blood glucose levels, future studies Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia (PERKENI).
Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dewasa di Indonesia (I).
Jakarta:
PERKENI.
Evaginanti M.
Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh terhadap Lingkar Lengan Atas dan Lingkar Betis pada Mahasiswa Perempuan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jember .
Jember: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jember.
Avissa A.
Kuswari M.
Nuzrina R.
Gifari N.
Melani V.
Pengaruh program latihan olahraga dan edukasi gizi terhadap komposisi tubuh, lingkar perut dan lingkar panggul pada wanita usia produktif di Depok.
Phys Act J (PAJU).
:176Ae92.
Zamzami Hasibuan MU.
AP.
Sosialisasi penerapan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) di Suta Club.
Cerdas Sifa Pendidikan.
:84Ae9.
Darsini D.
Purwanto F.
Studi korelasi lingkar perut dengan kadar gula dalam darah.
J Pengembangan Ilmu dan Praktik Kesehatan.
:141Ae53.
Bohari B.
Nuryani N.
Abdullah R.
Amaliah L.
Hafid Hubungan aktivitas fisik dan obesitas sentral dengan hiperglikemia wanita dewasa: cross-sectional AcTion: Aceh Nutr J.
:199Ae206.
Pusung NLO.
Asnidar A.
Muttaqien AR.
Analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian obesitas pada wanita usia subur (WUS) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tinoor.
J Peqguruang Conf Ser.
:557Ae65.
Sharma AJ.
Cogswell ME.
Grummer-Strawn LM.
Pregnancy and obesity: a life course perspective.
Matern Child Health J.
:301Ae10.
Lim SS.
Davies MJ.
Norman RJ.
Moran LJ.
Overweight, obesity, and central obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hum Reprod Update.
:337Ae58.
Nugraheni SA.
Riyadina W.
Adisasmito W.
Determinants of overweight and obesity among reproductive-age women in Indonesia.
BMC Public Health.
:1456.
Popkin BM.
Corvalan C.
Grummer-Strawn LM.
Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and Lancet.
:65Ae74.
Yi SW.
Park S.
Lee Y.
Park HJ.
Balkau B.
Yi JJ.
Association between fasting glucose and all-cause mortality according to sex and age: a prospective cohort study.
Sci Rep.
:8194.
Kholmatova K.
Krettek A.
Dvoryashina IV.
Malyutina S.
Assessing the prevalence of obesity in a Russian adult population by six indices and their associations with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Int J Circumpolar Health.
:2386783.
Sugiyanto MK.
Nawai F.
Hadi NS.
Setiawan DI.
Korelasi glukosa darah puasa dengan komposisi tubuh pada subjek wanita dengan kelebihan berat badan dan J Holistic Health Sci.
:14Ae24.
Nasution DRY.
Hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa: Studi Observasional Analitik pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Unissula Angkatan 2021 .
Semarang:
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung.
should take into account additional factors such food patterns, physical activity, and genetic influences.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researcher expresses gratitude to the Ministry of Health for providing funding for this study, as well as to the Head of Idamgamlamo Village for granting permission and supporting the research implementation in Idamgamlamo Village.
Sincere appreciation is also extended to the Posbindu PTM cadres, the Head of Akelamo Public Health Center along with the staff, and the women of Idamgamlamo Village for their participation in this study.
Additionally, the researcher acknowledges and appreciates the academic advisor for their guidance, valuable input, and support throughout the research process.
All parties engagedare expected to benefit fromthestudy's conclusions.
REFERENCES