Indonesian Dental Association Journal of Indonesian Dental Association http://jurnal.
id/index.
php/jida ISSN: 2621-6183 (Prin.
ISSN: 2621-6175 (Onlin.
Research Article Self-Perception.
Psychosocial.
Functional.
Interest, and Knowledge Aspects Regarding Adults Orthodontic Treatment in Greater Jakarta Sarah Jessica1.
Joko Kusnoto2A.
Lia Hapsari Andayani3 1 Undergraduate Student.
Faculty of Dentistry.
Universitas Trisakti.
Indonesia 2 Department of Orthodontics.
Faculty of Dentistry.
Universitas Trisakti.
Indonesia 3 Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry.
Faculty of Dentistry.
Universitas Trisakti.
Indonesia
KEYWORDS
orthodontic treatment.
self-perception ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is the process of adjusting the position of the teeth and jaw to achieve optimal occlusion.
Orthodontic treatment is generally performed on children and adolescents, but nowadays more adults are considering orthodontic treatment for aesthetic and dental health reasons.
Factors that may influence the uptake of orthodontic treatment are cost, treatment time, gender, age, socioeconomic, knowledge, interest and psychological aspect.
Objectives: This study aims to describe self-perception, psychosocial, functional, interest, and knowledge aspects regarding adultsAo orthodontic treatment in greater Jakarta areas.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was held from October to December 2023.
Sample comprised 196 adults who met the following eligibility criteria: .
aged 35-50 years.
living in greater Jakarta.
no history of orthodontic treatment.
had income higher than minimum regional wage.
Samples were taken by purposive sampling.
Demographic data and information were collected by means of a validated questionnaire.
The questionnaire is consisted of 31 items concerning self-perception, psychosocial, functional, interest, and knowledge aspects regarding orthodontic treatment.
Results: Majority of respondents felt dissatisfied with the arrangement of their teeth .
2%), felt that they needed orthodontic treatment .
4%), felt that poor arrangement of teeth was related to decreased social attractiveness .
3%), and did not had complaints when speaking .
1%) or jaw joints .
0%).
The level of knowledge about orthodontic treatment was classified as poor .
3%), and the majority of respondents were interested in undergoing orthodontic treatment .
7%).
Conclusion: Majority of adults aged 35-50 years in greater Jakarta areas are interested to undergo orthodontic treatment as well as having high self-awareness of the purpose of orthodontic treatment.
The level of knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment among adults aged 35-50 years in greater Jakarta areas is poor.
A Corresponding Author E-mail address: joko.
k@trisakti.
id (Kusnoto J) DOI: 10.
32793/jida.
Copyright: A2024 Jessica S.
Kusnoto J.
Andayani LA.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original author and sources are credited.
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association 2024 7.
, 27-32 Jessica S, et al.
who met the following inclusion criteria: .
age 35-50 .
living in greater Jakarta areas.
no previous history of orthodontic treatment.
had income higher than minimum regional standard.
Sample consist of 196 adults who were taken by purposive sampling.
Participants agreed to the informed consent were requested to fill the validated questionnaire by completing the Google Forms (Google LLC.
Mountain View.
CA) sent through social media.
Sociodemographic data consist of age, gender, and education.
Factors affecting the preference of orthodontic appliances consist of participants self-perception, psychosocial, and oral disorders aspects.
This study was approved by the Ethics Commission of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti No.
667/S1/KEPK/FKG/2023.
INTRODUCTION
The demand for orthodontic treatment in adults has increased worldwide in recent decades.
1 American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) data in 2020 shows an annual increase in demand for adult orthodontic treatments in the United States.
The data also showed that 1 in 5 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were adults, with an increase of 40% compared to the previous 10 years.
2 Another study in United Kingdom found an increase in demand for orthodontic treatment in adults over the past 5 years.
3 Another survey conducted by the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) also showed an increase in the number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment over the past two decades.
Perception is a person's ability to process an A person can have different perceptions, even if the objects are the same.
Differences in perception can arise due to differences in terms of the assessment system and personality traits of the individual 4 Psychosocial is a social factor that influences a person's thoughts or behavior that will be associated with one's thoughts on the surrounding community.
Research in Jakarta states that there is a relationship between the use of orthodontic devices and psychosocial 5 Some of the factors that influence adults not to have orthodontic treatment are high cost, extended treatment duration, and uncomfortable treatment.
6 The level of subjective need for care can be assessed based on several factors such as gender, age, socioeconomics, perception or knowledge of oral and dental health, as well as a person's psychology.
Differences in perception in assessing malocclusion are related to orthodontic Nowadays it is often found that someone has malocclusion but does not do orthodontic treatment because they are not aware about their malocclusion or do not know that they need orthodontic treatment.
National Basic Health Research Data (Riskesda.
in 2018 stated that 57.
6% of the population in Indonesia has dental and oral health problems, one of which is often found is malocclusion.
In Indonesia, the prevalence of malocclusion reaches 80% of the population and is one of the significant oral health issues.
Malocclusion is the third oral health problem after dental caries and periodontal disease.
8 Riskesdas also shows that among the total population in Jakarta, 40.
8% are adult residents.
Jakarta has the highest percentage of the population receiving orthodontic treatment, which is 0.
7%, with overall population in Indonesia receiving orthodontic treatment is 0.
10 This study aims to describe the selfperception, psychosocial, functional, interest, and knowledge aspects regarding orthodontic treatment among adults in greater Jakarta areas.
Statistical Analysis The validity and reliability of the questionnaire had been tested on 43 respondents prior to data retrieval.
Validity was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient .
<0.
Reliability was confirmed with CronbachAos alpha coefficient.
Data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 365 MSO version 2306 (Redmond.
WA).
The distribution among categorical variables was represented in frequency tables.
RESULTS
A total of 196 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis.
The distribution of respondents based on demographic characteristics can be seen in Table 1.
The majority of study respondents were aged between 35 to 40 years .
8%) and female .
2%).
Majority of respondents had high level of education .
3%), worked as employees in either private or public sectors .
6%), were interested in undergoing orthodontic treatment .
7%) and had poor level of knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment .
3%).
The distribution of respondents based on aspects of self-perception can be seen in Table 2.
Majority of respondents .
2%) were dissatisfied with the arrangement of their teeth and felt the need for orthodontic treatment .
4%).
As many as 51.
5% stated that they were not afraid to undergo orthodontic The distribution of respondents based on psychosocial aspects can be seen in Table 3.
Majority of respondents felt that irregular arrangement of teeth is associated with a decrease in social attractiveness .
3%), felt disturbed by their appearance if undergo orthodontic treatment .
3%), and felt that the people around them thought that the arrangement of their teeth was irregular .
1%).
The distribution of respondents based on functional disorders aspects can be seen in Table 4.
Majority of respondents had no complaints when speaking .
1%), did not feel pain/clicking sound in the area around the ear or jaw joint during function .
and had no chewing disorders .
4%).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in October until December 2023.
The sample of this study was adult Journal of Indonesian Dental Association 2024 7.
, 27-32 Jessica S, et al.
Table 1.
RespondentAos characteristic profile Variable .
(%) question regarding the average duration of orthodontic treatment .
3%), knew what actions are not recommended while using orthodontic appliances .
%), and accurately responded to the question about the frequency of necessary visits during orthodontic treatment .
9%).
Age .
35 - 40
41 - 45
46 - 50
Gender Male Female Education High School/Equivalent Diploma Bachelor/Master/Doctoral Occupation Entrepreneur/Self-employment CEO/Director Teachers/Lecturers Employee Secretary Other Interest Not Interested Interested Knowledge Good Poor Table 3.
RespondentAos psychosocial aspects Yes (%) No (%) Are you satisfied with the arrangement of your teeth? 78 .
Do you feel you need orthodontic treatment? 140 .
Are you afraid to undergo orthodontic treatment? 95 .
Yes (%) No (%) Do you think the poor arrangement of teeth is associated with a decreased social attractiveness? 175 .
Do you feel annoyed by your appearance when treated with orthodontic? 128 .
Do people around you .
oworkers, relatives, and friend.
think your dental arrangement is irregular? 155 .
Table 4.
RespondentAos oral disorders aspects Question Table 2.
RespondentAos self-perception aspect Question Question Yes (%) No (%) Do you have any complaints when you 39 .
Do you feel pain/clicking sound when you move your jaw in the area around your ear/jaw joint? 96 .
Do you have chewing disorder while eating? 60 .
Majority of respondents knew how to take care their teeth during orthodontic treatment .
6%) and were aware of who needs orthodontic treatment .
7%).
Majority of respondents correctly answered the question about what to do if a part of the orthodontic appliance becomes detached .
1%), but as many as 61.
7% did not know why it is important to follow the prescribed orthodontic treatment schedule.
Majority of respondents were aware that a dental and jaw examination before starting orthodontic treatment is crucial to assess the condition of teeth and jaws .
6%), knew how orthodontic treatment enhances oral health .
9%), and aware of what to do in case of injury to the lips or mouth caused by orthodontic appliances .
7%).
Based on Table 5, it can be observed that the majority of respondents answered correctly to the question about definition of orthodontic treatment .
3%), have knowledge of the orthodontic treatment main goal .
6%), but unaware of the preparations needed before installation of orthodontic devices .
2%).
Majority of respondents were not aware of the ideal age for undergoing orthodontic treatment, and the same percentage was uninformed about age limitation for orthodontic treatment .
7%), correctly answered the Journal of Indonesian Dental Association 2024 7.
, 27-32 Jessica S, et al.
Table 5.
RespondentAos knowledge about orthodontic treatment Question Frequency .
What is orthodontic treatment True False What are the main goals of orthodontic treatment True False Percentage (%) What preparations need to be done before installing orthodontic appliances True False What is the ideal age for orthodontic treatment True False What is the maximum age limit for someone to undergo orthodontic treatment True False What is the average duration of orthodontic treatment True False What is not recommended when using orthodontic appliances True False What frequency of visits is required during orthodontic treatment True False How to care for teeth during orthodontic treatment True False Who needs orthodontic treatment True False What would you do if a part of an orthodontic appliances comes off from your tooth True False Why it is important to follow an established orthodontic treatment schedule True False Why is it important to undergo a dental and jaw examination before starting orthodontic treatment True False How orthodontic treatment improves oral health True False What to do if there is injury to the lips or mouth caused by orthodontic devices True False Journal of Indonesian Dental Association 2024 7.
, 27-32 Jessica S, et al.
treatment showed that the majority of respondents had poor knowledge.
This is in line with previous research suggesting that the majority of adults have a moderate level of knowledge about orthodontic treatment.
DISCUSSION
Based on self-perception factors, the majority of respondents were dissatisfied with the arrangement of their teeth and as many as felt the need for orthodontic These results agreed with previous research that stated the majority of people have self-awareness of their need to undergo orthodontic treatment.
11 The majority of respondents were not afraid to undergo orthodontic treatment.
These results are not in line with previous research that most people have negative attitudes toward orthodontic treatment for fear of the pain associated with orthodontic treatment.
12 Other research suggests that some people may avoid orthodontic treatment because they are concerned about the aesthetic appearance during the use of orthodontic appliances.
This shows that self-perception regarding orthodontic treatment may vary in different population.
Based on the results, it can be seen that the majority of respondents are interested in undergoing orthodontic This is in line with previous study that suggested that the 30s are more interested in orthodontic treatment than the 40s.
Respondents in their 40s thought they were too old to undergo orthodontic treatment.
20 The majority of female respondents were interested in undergoing orthodontic treatment.
This is in line with previous research that suggests that women undergo more orthodontic treatment than men.
The main motivation for women to do orthodontic treatment is for Women also have higher awareness of orthodontic treatment needs than men.
People with higher socioeconomic level has a high level of awareness to undergo orthodontic treatment.
The majority of respondents with a high level of education are interested in undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Education also affects the level of awareness of oral function so that the need for orthodontic treatment also increases.
23 Other studies state that the majority of people are motivated to undergo treatment if the cost of treatment is more Based on psychosocial aspect, most respondents believe that the irregular arrangement of teeth is associated with a decrease in social attractiveness.
The results are in line with previous research in which the majority of people believe that well-aligned teeth have an impact on social career and feel less confident before orthodontic treatment.
14 Other studies state that some individuals may avoid orthodontic treatment due to concerns about the aesthetic appearance during the use of orthodontic appliances.
15 Therefore, it can be concluded that an individual's psychosocial status can be influenced by dental aesthetic factors.
CONCLUSION
Majority of adults aged 35-50 years in greater Jakarta areas are interested to undergo orthodontic treatment as well as having high self-awareness of the purpose of orthodontic treatment.
They are dissatisfied with the arrangement of their teeth and feel that irregular arrangement of the teeth is associated with a decrease in social attractiveness.
The level of knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment among adults aged 35-50 years in greater Jakarta areas is poor.
Based on the factors of functional disorders in the mouth, the majority of respondents have no complaints when speaking.
The majority of respondents did not feel pain or clicking sounds in the area around the ear or jaw joint during function.
The majority of respondents did not have chewing disorders while eating.
This is not in line with previous research, that the majority of people have functional disorders of the mouth such as complaints when speaking, malocclusion, bruxism, and chewing 17 Another study states that the level of awareness of orthodontic treatment is mostly moderate, with woman having a higher awareness of the need for orthodontic treatment compared to man.
18 It shows that an individual may have functional disorders in the oral cavity even though they may not feel like they have functional disorder in the oral cavity.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
There is no conflict of interest in this research.
The respondents who took part in the study have read the explanation of the study, understood the purpose of the study and agree to participate on the study.
REFERENCES