JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLICY ISSUE - VOL.
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Available online at: https://journal.
org/index.
php/jspi Journal of Social and Policy Issues E-ISSN: 2807-3843 I P-ISSN: 2829-8632 The Influence of Social Rehabilitation Programs on Behavioral Transformation of Prisoners at Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary Rianto.
Neng Suryanti Nengsih.
Desmayeti Arfa.
Alfi husni.
Denis Victor Riandy Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosiologi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Raja Haji
ARTICLE INFORMATION
Received: September 21, 2024
Revised: December 15, 2024
Available online: December 29, 2024
KEYWORDS
Social Rehabilitation Program.
Behavioral Transformation.
Narcotics Penitentiary.
Inmate Reintegration CORRESPONDENCE Name: Rianto E-mail: rianto@stisipolrajahaji.
A B S T R A C T
This study aims to examine the influence of social rehabilitation programs on behavioral changes among inmates at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary.
Utilizing a quantitative associative approach, 140 inmates participating in the program were selected as samples through a simple random sampling method.
Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 21.
The findings reveal that the social rehabilitation program significantly impacts behavioral changes in inmates, evidenced by an r-count value of 0.
Furthermore, the R-square value of 0.
563 indicates that the program accounts for 56.
3% of the observed behavioral changes, while the remaining 43.
7% is attributed to other unexamined Statistical testing using ANOVA yielded an F-value of 131.
254, which is greater than the F-table value of 3.
09, with a significance level of 0.
000 (< 0.
, confirming a positive and significant relationship between the program and behavioral changes.
The study concludes that the social rehabilitation program implemented at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary effectively improves inmates' behavior.
This highlights the program's potential as a strategic intervention in fostering positive behavioral transformations among inmates, contributing to their reintegration into society.
INTRODUCTION
Drug addicts, or individuals with Substance Abuse Disorders (SAD), have become a global problem that requires serious Substance abuse is not just a criminal act but a condition of addiction that needs treatment and recovery (Pangestu & Rahaditya, 2.
Substance addiction causes significant behavioural changes that can lead to fatal consequences if not treated immediately.
Many SAD individuals do not receive special attention until they finally fall into criminal acts to fulfil their addiction needs (Antonius Aditya Pratama.
Wulandari, 2.
The phenomenon of globalization has contributed to the emergence of various new types of narcotics that are not yet registered in legal regulations, thus increasing the number of users (Mintarum et al.
, 2.
This makes substance abuse increasingly uncontrollable.
Therefore, real action is needed to restore SAD so that they can function again in society.
In the context of Indonesia, social rehabilitation efforts have been implemented in correctional institutions as a strategic step since 2020 (Antara & Saravistha, 2023.
Nabila et al.
, 2023.
Hartanto et , 2.
The social rehabilitation program aims to change the behavioural patterns of prisoners, improve their quality of life, reduce the number of drug users, and reduce recidivism rates (Putri, 2021.
Sartini et al.
, 2.
This program integrates physical, psychological, and social aspects through various recovery methods, including the Therapeutic Community (TC) approach, which involves groups with similar problems to support each other and resolve conflicts collectively (Hasibuan et , 2.
Changing individual behaviour requires a gradual process, including cognitive .
, affective .
, and https://doi.
org/10.
58835/jspi.
aspects (Aini et al.
, 2.
The implementation of social rehabilitation programs in correctional institutions is designed to create awareness of negative behaviour that has been carried out, form a more positive mindset, and improve their ability to be accepted back into society (Herdriani & Samputra, 2.
In reality, most prisoners in Indonesia, including in the Riau Islands, are drug convicts.
For example, the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Correctional Institution recorded 689 people involved in drug cases.
This high number indicates the need for a practical social rehabilitation approach to address this problem holistically.
Table 1.
Percentage of Number of Narcotics Users at Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Prison Criminal Act Number of Correctional Inmates Percentage Distributor Bookie User Total Correctional Inmates Source: Correctional Database System (SDP) 2023 Prisoners, after being in prison, often experience behavioural transitions due to the very high intensity of drug use before However, during the trial process, which should be a moment to handle addiction professionally, many of them are left without adequate intervention.
As a result, when they enter Attribution-ShareAlike 4.
0 International.
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prison, their behavioural transitions become worse, creating significant challenges in the recovery process (Subantara et al.
Basically, prison inmates tend to show a lack of discipline.
This can be seen from their low participation in coaching programs outside of social rehabilitation programs.
Their level of awareness to change for the better is also still very low.
Apathy towards themselves and their surroundings is often an obstacle in the recovery process.
Lack of motivation usually makes inmates trapped in a cycle of blaming themselves for the punishment they receive, which ultimately triggers other harmful behaviours (Fitriani, 2.
The social rehabilitation program has been implemented at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary since 2020 with varying quotas: 700 inmates in 2020, 400 in 2021, 240 in 2022, and 140 in 2023.
Although the number of participants has decreased, the program has shown positive results, with no program participants re-offending or recidivism.
However, the implementation of the program still faces various obstacles, such as limited human resources and supporting facilities and The urgency of social rehabilitation for drug addicts emphasizes that this program is essential to help them overcome addiction and prepare for reintegration into society.
Through a rehabilitative approach, prisoners receive the guidance, support, and skills needed to become productive individuals after release.
This study shows that social rehabilitation not only helps individuals but also has a positive impact on society as a whole by reducing recidivism rates and creating a safer environment (Pangestu & Rahaditya, 2.
A study explored the obstacles faced in implementing the rehabilitation program at the Class IIA Narcotics Prison in Jakarta.
This study found that despite clear implementation guidelines, challenges such as lack of facilities, trained human resources, and social stigma against prisoners were still obstacles.
Efforts to improve program implementation include training for officers and improving rehabilitation facilities (Hilmi & Novianto, 2.
This study examines the process of implementing social rehabilitation at the Class II A Narcotics Prison in Tanjungpinang.
The results show that this program follows the provisions of the Law on Narcotics and provides a holistic approach to helping drug addicts recover from dependence (Hanafi & Wibowo, 2.
This study evaluates the social rehabilitation program implemented at the Class IIA Narcotics Prison in Bandung.
The results show that this program has a crucial role in the success of prisoner development.
Each year, around 500-600 inmates participate in this program despite challenges such as limited Activities include counselling, sharing experiences, and religious activities, which aim to support the mental and spiritual development of inmates.
Rehabilitation is a right for all citizens, especially for those who need physical and psychological recovery.
The study's results showed that the implementation of social rehabilitation programs can significantly improve the quality of life of inmates and reduce the risk of recidivism (Solihan, 2.
Overall, these studies show that social rehabilitation programs have great potential to help drug addicts in the process of recovery and reintegration into society.
However, existing challenges need to be addressed through a comprehensive and collaborative approach to increase the effectiveness of the Social rehabilitation programs have great potential to change the behaviour of inmates involved in drug abuse.
With the proper support and effective implementation, this program can help them return to society better and more responsibly (Parape.
During the observation period, it was found that there were still inmates who had not shown significant behavioral changes.
Several inmates still violated the applicable rules, even though they had participated in the rehabilitation program.
The attitudes and behaviors expected from the results of the program have not been fully realized.
Until now, the concept of the social rehabilitation program at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary has never been evaluated systematically and As a result, the influence of the program on changes in inmates' behavioural patterns is not yet known in Based on this problem, the author is interested in conducting research entitled "The Influence of Social Rehabilitation Programs on Behavioral Changes of Inmates at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary.
METHOD
This study uses a quantitative approach with an associative research type.
Associative research aims to determine the relationship between two or more variables, so that it can build a theory that is useful for explaining, predicting, and controlling certain phenomena (Fasko, 1.
This quantitative research was conducted to test the effect of the Social Rehabilitation Program on the behavioral transformation of inmates at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary.
The population in this study were all inmates who participated in the social rehabilitation program at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary, with a total sample of 140 The sample was selected using a simple random sampling technique so that each member of the population had an equal opportunity to become a respondent.
Data were collected through questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability to ensure accurate and consistent measurements.
The data analysis process was carried out using SPSS version 21 software, which includes descriptive and inferential statistical Correlation and linear regression analysis were used to test the relationship and influence between the social rehabilitation program .
ndependent variabl.
and changes in the behaviour of inmates .
ependent variabl.
In addition, hypothesis testing was conducted using ANOVA to determine the level of significance of the relationship between the two variables.
Through this method, the study aims to provide an empirical picture of the effectiveness of social rehabilitation programs.
The results of this study are expected to be a reference for correctional institution managers in developing and evaluating rehabilitation programs that aim to help inmates prepare to return to society with better behaviour.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The analysis in this study uses a quantitative approach, namely an analysis carried out by obtaining values and scores from the data that has been collected, which is then processed statistically using SPSS software version 21.
The data obtained from respondents' answers through the questionnaire were first tested for validity to ensure that the instrument used can measure the variables appropriately in accordance with the research The validity test aims to determine the extent to https://doi.
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which the instrument is able to measure what should be Furthermore, a reliability test is carried out to test the consistency and reliability of the instrument in producing data.
An instrument is declared reliable if the results of repeated measurements provide consistent results and are in accordance with expectations.
A valid instrument ensures that the data produced is accurate, while a reliable instrument ensures the consistency of the measurement results even though repetition is carried out.
Thus, when a research instrument can be trusted to provide accurate and stable results, then the instrument is declared to have good validity and reliability so that it is suitable for use in research.
Social
Rehabilitation Program (X) Behavioral Pattern
(Y)
Aggressivene Pearson Correlatio Sig.
**.
Correlation is significant at the 0.
01 level .
-taile.
Table 2.
Reliability Test Processed Data Variabel Sig.
Critica
l Value Cronbac
h Alpha
Explanatio
0,633
0,60
Reliabel
0,823
0,60
Reliabel From the results of the data test above using SPSS 21, an instrument can be said to be reliable and trustworthy when an instrument can consistently provide the same results.
In the data test above, it can be seen that the Cronbach alpha value has 60, which indicates that an instrument can be considered reliable and trustworthy.
Based on the data obtained from respondents through the questionnaire distributed using the SPSS 21 application, the results of the correlation analysis are obtained as in the table below:
Table 3.
Processed Correlation Test Data
Interval of Relationship
Level Coefficient 0,00 - 0,199 Very Low
0,20 - 0,399
Low
0,40 - 0,599
Currently 0,60 - 0,799 Strong
0,80 - 1,00
Very strong If the significance value is <0.
05, then it is correlated or related, but if the significance value is> 0.
05, then it is not correlated, or there is no relationship.
It can be seen from the table above that the significance value between the Religiosity Variable and the Aggressiveness Variable is 0.
00, and the significance value <0.
05, which means it is correlated or has a relationship.
The correlation between the Social Rehabilitation Program (X) and Behavioral Change (Y) can be seen from the table above, which has a positive value of 0.
750 on both variables.
Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between the Social Rehabilitation Program and Behavioral Change of inmates at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary.
The closeness of the relationship between the two variables can be seen in the coefficient interval table below:
Table 4.
Coefficient Interval Table The value of the previous reliability test results is 0.
The value in the coefficient interval table is 0.
60 - 0.
799 with a "strong" relationship level.
This means that the social rehabilitation program has a strong relationship to changes in the behaviour of inmates at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary.
Analisa Regresi Linear Sederhana In conducting a simple linear regression analysis, the researcher used the SPSS Version 21 application.
This analysis was used to analyze the influence of the social rehabilitation program (X) on behavioural changes (Y).
The results of the data processing obtained using the determination coefficient test adalah sebagai berikut :
Tabel 4.
Tabel Uji Data R Square Model Summary Model Summary Mod Square Adjusted R Square Std.
Error of the Estimate Correlations Religiosity Pearson Correlatio https://doi.
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Religiusita Agresivita Predictors: (Constan.
Religiosity In the table of processed results above, the R Square value is 563, which means that the social rehabilitation program at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary has an influence 3% on changes in respondent behavior.
While the remaining JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLICY ISSUE - VOL.
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7% is influenced by other variables and factors that were not examined in this study.
The next test uses the F test.
The F test measures the significance of the equation and is used to determine the influence of the rehabilitation program variable (X) on behavioural changes (Y).
This test is carried out by comparing the value of the calculated sign with sign a, with the following criteria:
Ha is accepted if the calculated sign < sign a Ha is rejected if the computed sign > sign a Model Tabel 5.
Tabel Uji Data Uji F ANOVAa Sum of Mean Squares Square Regressi Residual Total Sig.
Dependent Variable: Agresivitas Predictors: (Constan.
Religiusitas The t-distribution table is searched at a = with degrees of freedom .
= n-k-1 or 104-1-1 = 102 .
is the number of data, and k is the number of independent variable.
With a two-sided test, the results for the Ftable value are 3.
Based on the results of the ANOVA test or F test in the table above, the fcount value is 254> Ftable 3.
09 with a significance value of 0.
000 <0.
05 so that it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the social rehabilitation program on changes in the behaviour of inmates at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary.
CONCLUSION
Based on the formulation of the existing problem and from the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence on the study entitled "The Influence of Social Rehabilitation Programs on Behavioral Changes in Correctional Institutions Conducted at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Correctional Institution, by analyzing the data that has been processed using the SPSS version 21 application that:
By using the data analysis technique using the simple linear regression analysis method, it has been found that the R Square value is 0.
563, which means that the Social Rehabilitation Program held at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Correctional Institution has an influence of 56.
on changes in the behaviour of respondents who in this case are correctional inmates.
At the same time, the remaining 7% is influenced by variables and factors that are not examined in this study.
By using ANOVA testing or F test, the calculated f value was 254 > Ftable 3.
09 with a significance value of 0.
000 < 0.
which means that there is a positive and significant influence between the Social Rehabilitation Program on Behavioral Changes of Inmates at the Class IIA Tanjungpinang Narcotics Penitentiary.
REFERENCE