Comparison of Glucose Reduction in Urine Using Benedict Method Heated by Methylated Flame with 100AC Waterbath Fitri Fadhilah1.
Noviana Vanawati1 Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology.
School of Analyst Bakti Asih.
Indonesia Correspondence:
Fitri Fadhilah.
Jl.
Padasuka Atas No.
Padasuka.
Cimenyan.
City of Bandung.
West Java.
Indonesia Zip Code : 40192 Email:
fitrifadhilahssimkes@gmail.
Received: April 24, 2019 Revised: May 5, 2019 Accepted: August 19, 2019 Abstract The high prevalence of Diabetes Melitus (DM) is a global problem that must be solved by health workers around the This study aims to determine the differences in the results of urine reduction examination using benedict method heated by spirtus flame and waterbath 100AC.
This research method is a laboratory experiment.
The results of this study indicated that the urine reduction examination by heating methylated flame and waterbath 100oC shows the same results from negative (-) until positive ( .
Examination of urine reduction by heating the methylated flame and waterbath 100oC did not affect the results.
However, there are a difference in the process of urine reduction examination by heating flame which was need a longer time up to 3-5 minutes.
Additionally, the solution in the tube could be exploded.
It was also time consuming which could only carry out one by one sample.
Meanwhile, the heating of urine by using 100oC waterbath is relatively faster, which only took 2 minutes.
The urine was not also exploded when it was boiled and the heating process could perform 6-8 samples at the same time .
epending on the tube In conclusion, the heating method of urine by using waterbath was better than spirtus .
flame since it could carry out large sample in one time and it was safer for the laboratory personnel.
Keywords Urine reduction, glucose, benedict, methylated flame, or hyperosmolar coma.
As the disease INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic progresses, individuals are at increased risk disorders of carbohy-drate metabolism in which glucose is underutilized, producing complications, including retinopathy .
hich Some may lead to blindnes.
, renal failure, life-threatening hyperglycemic episodes, such as ketoacidosis .
erve The last condition may result Fitri Fadhilah, et al.
in stroke, gangrene, or coronary artery capacity for reabsorption.
Glucose may disease .
Ae.
appear in the urine at different blood glucose Diabetes was initially diagnosed by the However, it is not usually indicated as oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
In 1979 a work group of the National Diabetes Data tubular reabsorption rate, and urine flow will Group This Glomerular blood flow.
When recognized two major forms of type I glycosuria usually occurs when the blood level is greater than 180Ae200 mg/dL .
nsulin-dependen.
mellitus (IDDM) and type I1 .
on-insulin- Although hyperglycemia per se is not dependen.
diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
necessarily indicative of diabetes mellitus, base the classification on etiology rather than the appearance of glucose in the urine treatment, in 1995 the American Diabetes Association (ADA) established a work group to reexamine the classification and diagnosis Inadequate carbohydrate utilization in these classification, published in 1997, eliminates patients results in elevated ketone levels in the terms insulin dependent diabetes mellitus the blood and urine due to increased in fat and non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, metabolisme .
The When which now are termed type 1 diabetes and The advantage of a urine method over a type 2 diabetes, respectively.
Another blood test for glucose is that it is painless and significant change is the elimination of the inexpensive for diabetic individual.
Urine categories of previous abnormality of glucose glucose measurements are most useful for tolerance and potential abnormality of well-controlled diabetic individuals who do glucose tolerance .
, 2, .
not have to make frequent adjustments in Various sugars may be found in the urine their insulin/hypoglycemic agents.
In insulin- under certain circumstances, both pathologic and physiologic condition.
These include measurement could correspond to a wide glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, range of serum glucose levels.
this is pentose and sucrose .
attributed to the great variation in renal The presence of detectable amounts of threshold for glucose in diabetic patients.
glucose in urine is termed glycosuria.
Therefore, urine measurements may be condition occurs whenever the glucose level in the blood surpasses the renal tubule monitoring is more preferable .
Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2019.
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Fitri Fadhilah, et al.
Copper Reduction Tests (Bennedict Tes.
temperature is desired and set.
Arrangements as a screening test, the glucose oxidase must be made according to the readings of the method will not detect increased levels of thermostat or according to a temperature galactose or other sugars in urine.
It is monitoring system.
The advantages of therefore important that a copper reduction waterbath are faster to get the results, 8-10 method should be used, especially for young samples can be done at a once time, and the pediatric patients.
Of the copper reduction risk of accidents in the laboratory is relatively methods used for screening purposes, the poor .
qualitative Benedict method is more sensitive in reducing substances in urine than is the MATERIALS AND METHODS single-tablet (Clinites.
copper reduction method .
Urinary glucose Benedict qualitative reagent contains cupric ion complexed to citrate in alkaline Reducing substances convert cupric benedict method utilizes the glucose as a to cuprous ions, forming yellow cuprous reducing agent.
The principle of examining hydroxide or red cuprous oxide.
The, tablets benedict is that glucose in the urine will contain anhy- drous cupric sulfate.
NaOH, reduce cuprisulfate to cuprosulfat, which can be seen by changing the color of the benedict (NaHCO).
Five drops .
25 mL) of urine are Positive results are indicated by mixed with 10 drops of water in a test tube.
turbidity and color changes from blue to was then mixed and immediately observed yellowish green to brick red.
A chart orovided by the Examination of the benedict method can manufacturer is used to the result.
Heat was be done by using heating with methylated generated by contacting NaOH and water.
flame to boil.
The weakness of this method is The initial reaction between citric acid and time consuming which can only perform one NaHCO caused the release of carbon dioxide, sampel per process.
there is also a risk of which blankets the mixture and reduces accidents in the laboratory .
contact with oxygen from the air to prevent Waterbath laboratory equipment can also reoxidation of cuprous ions.
If large be used for the diagnosis of disease.
For the quantities (>2 g/dL) of sugar are present in diagnosis of samples from a patient, the urine, the solution goes through the range temperature stability is needed, so that the of colors and returns to greenish-brown.
diagnostic results are truly appropriate.
The Material that used in this experiment was principle of Waterbath is that when cold Methylated falme, waterbath, tubes, benedict sterilizes the plug is turned on, the reagent and timer.
the experimental method Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2019.
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Fitri Fadhilah, et al.
in this study used the design type One Group The study had begun in August 2018 Pretest-Postes Design.
We used 3 times until September 2018.
The research was repetition with tubes used Methylated fire conducted at Pelopor II Regiment Clinical and Waterbath 100oC to determine benedict Laboratory.
North Bogor.
test result by using a sampel that were known for the glucose level.
RESULTS
The population in this study were laboratory workers who worked in the Pelopor II Regiment Clinical Laboratory.
North Bogor.
The sample in this study was fresh urine of Pelopor II Troop Regiment The results of the comparison study of glucose reduction in urine using heating method of methylated flame and 100oC waterbath can be seen in the following Tabel_1.
Clinic Laboratory officers.
North Bogor.
Table 1.
Results of Benedict Tests Heating Method Methylated Flame Waterbath 100oC Repetition 1 Result Repetition 2 Repetition 3 Negative (-) Negative (-) Negative (-) Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Negative (-) Negative (-) Negative (-) Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positve ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Positive ( .
Methylated Flame Waterbath Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2019.
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Fig 1.
Glucose Reduction in Urine Negative Results Fitri Fadhilah, et al.
Methylated Flame Waterbath Fig 2.
Glucose Reduction in Urine Positive ( .
Results Methylated Flame From the picture above, the examination of glucose by Benedict test heated by Waterbath Fig 3.
Glucose Reduction in Urine Positive ( .
Results Methylated Flame Waterbath Fig 4.
Glucose Reduction in Urine Positive ( .
Results Methylated Flame Waterbath Fig 5.
Glucose Reduction in Urine Positive ( .
Results .
Methylited flame and Waterbath 100oC There result is that normal urine samples showed exactly same result.
The number of without addition of glucose showed a samples used in the examination of glucose negative result with blue color ( there was no reduction in urine done by the benedict test change in colo.
Meanwhile, urine samples heated by methylated flame and 100oC with the addition of 0.
05gr of glucose waterbath were 15 samples each.
the total dissolved in 10mL of urine showed a positive number of samples were 30 samples with 3 result ( .
with green / yellowish green color.
The results were obtained by Besides, the urine samples with the addition using urine samples that have been given 15gr glucose dissolved in 10 mL of urine additional glucose with various treatments in showed a positive result ( .
with cloudy yellow color.
Similarly, urine samples with Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2019.
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Fitri Fadhilah, et al.
the addition of 0.
30g of glucose dissolved in with the addition of 0.
50gr of glucose 10 mL of urine showed a positive result ( .
dissolved in 10 mL of urine showed a positive with cloudy orange color.
Lastly, the sample result ( .
with red brick color .
,8,.
DISCUSSION
for measurement of glucose that are Sugars may be called as reducing or quantitative or semi- quantitative are widely nonreducing based on their ability to reduce available and have essentially replaced the copper during the BenedictAos test.
The nonspecific tests in adults.
The copper reducing property of sugar is based on the reduction test is used to screen neonates and presence of free aldehyde or ketone group in infants for inborn errors of metabolism that may result in the appearance of reducing disaccharides are reducing sugars, while sugars other than glucose .
, galactose or sucrose is nonreducing sugar.
Reducing fructos.
in the urine .
Most sugars are capable of reducing Cu 2 .
upric Heating is part of the urine glucose ion.
to Cu .
uprous ion.
in alkaline examination with benedict method and medium which produces red precipitate of heating only serves to help the occurrence of cuprous oxide or yellow precipitate of the reduction process so that the temperature cuprous hydroxide.
The urine of normal used is boiling either with methylated fire or individuals contains small amount waterbath will not affect the results of urine reducing substances which are not sufficient reduction .
,6,.
to give positive test with BenedictAos test or Both methylated or waterbath are FehlingAos test.
Various reducing sugars common tools in laboratories, both of these present in the urine are glucose, galactose, tools have the same function which is to heat.
fructose, and lactose.
The optimum temperature that can be Examination of urine for glucose is rapid, achieved by both is 100 oC so that basically inexpensive, and noninvasive and is used to these two tools have the same in heating, screen large numbers of samples.
The although methylated has an affordable price monitoring of urine glucose lacks sensitivity and easy to obtain but thre is weaknesses also and specifity and provides no information accompany its use, for example the perform about blood glucose concentrations below the can only be done one by one so that it slows renal threshold .
sually 180 mg/dL).
The down the performance in the laboratory.
Waterbath is the preferred source of heat reduce copper and also react with reducing for several things.
Waterbath is popularly substances other than sugars.
Specific tests used mainly to heat flammable chemicals so Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2019.
: 44-51
older screening tests detect all sugars that Fitri Fadhilah, et al.
there is no need to use open fires and can prevent fires.
Waterbaths are made from containers filled with hot
CONCLUSIONS
Examination of urine reduction by All heating the methylated flame and waterbath watebaths in the laboratory are equipped with 100oC does not affect the results.
But there is interfaces, these interfaces can be either a difference in the process with heating flame digital or analog, this allows the user to set need a longer time is 3-5 minutes, when the desired temperature.
Waterbath can also boiling the solution in the tube could be be used as a heating reagent.
in addition, this explodes and can only work one by one tool can also be used to activate certain sample, while the heating of 100oC waterbath chemical reactions .
uch as the urine the time required is relatively faster, 2 reduction test reaction bennedict metho.
minutes, not explode when boiling and can that can occur at high temperatures.
work 6-8 samples at the same time.
Heating is part of the urine glucose examination with benedict method and heating only serves to help the occurrence of the reduction process so that the temperature ACKNOWLADGEMENTS The source of funding for this research came from researchers' personal funds used is boiling either with methylated fire or waterbath will not affect the results of urine reduction .
,6,.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
There are no conflicts of interest.
REFERENCES