INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ASEAN PERSPECTIVE AND POLICY
A Novelty Once Methode Power System Policies Based On SCS (Solar Cell Syste.
Radiyan Rahim Faculty Science and Technology.
University Pembangunan Panca Budi.
Medan.
Indonesia
ABSTRACT
The Working Principle Of Solar Cells Is Very Simple.
Solar Cells Are An Energy Conversion Tool That Transforms Solar Energy For Electrical Energy.
Energy From Sunshine Accommodated Then Converted into Electrical Energy.
Such Energy Can Be Used For Running Various Kinds Of Electronic Devices Starting From Lighting Lights.
Moving Motor.
And Many More Others.
The following article is the effort that must be done to make solar energy as an alternative energy in overcoming the needs of household electricity in the village of Pardamean Dusun Gunung Tua Kec.
Pahae Jae Kab.
North Tapanuli North Prov.
Sumatera Far Inside With Difficult Access And Unspoiled Electricity PLN.
Keywords: Solar Cells.
Electricity Needs.
Unprecedented Electricity PLN
INTRODUCTION
Indonesian independence enters its 72nd But there are still villages in North Sumatra that have not enjoyed the flow of But it does not turn off the activities of They use electricity with solar power.
Previously citizens just use lighting teplon lights or lamp strongkeng (By using kerosen.
as lighting at night.
With the solar power, now dozens of residents can light the night with electric lights, can listen to music and watching Indonesia as a tropical countries have high solar energy potential with average daily .
radiation of 4.
5 kWh / m2 / day (Solarex, 1.
This potential can be utilized as an inexpensive and available alternative energy source throughout the year.
In addition.
Indonesia's geographical condition, which consists of thousands of islands, still causes many remote areas that have not reached PLN's Therefore, the application of Solar Power (PLTS) technology to utilize the available solar energy potential in those locations is the right solution (Solly Aryza et al.
, 2.
The application of solar power technology to remote area electricity needs can be done with a variety of solar power generation systems, such as hybrid power plants that is a combination of solar energy sources with other energy sources, the most common is the integration of solar energy with the energy of diesel engines or sources Micro-hydro energy.
The other solar system is the "Solar Home System" (SHS), which consists of solar module panels, batteries, controllers and lights, these systems are installed in individual homes with photovoltaic modules installed over the roof of the house.
The system typically has a photovoltaic module with a power capacity of 50 Wp which on average daily solar radiation of 4.
Kwh / m2 will produce approximately 125 s / d 130 watt-hours of energy.
Implementation constraints SHS is a price that is still relatively expensive for the community is remote and poor.
Therefore there needs to be a guide in designing, calculating and selecting the necessary components so that the society can afford to pay and can enjoy electricity like his brother who already enjoys electricity, at least for the needs of LITERATURE REVIEW.
Photofoltaic.
Solar cells or also often called photovoltaics is a device capable of converting direct sunlight into electricity.
Solar cells can be put as the main actors to maximize the enormous potential energy of sunlight to the earth, although besides used to generate electricity, energy from the sun can also be optimized thermal energy through the solar thermal system.
Solar cells can be analogous to devices with two terminals or connections, where when dark conditions or insufficient light work like diodes, and when exposed to sunlight can produce When irradiated, generally a commercial solar cell produces a dc voltage of 0.
5 to 1 volt, and short-circuit currents in milliampere scale per The magnitude of the voltage and current is not sufficient for many applications, so generally, a number of solar cells are arranged in series forming solar modules.
One solar module typically consists of 28-36 solar cells, and the total produces a dc voltage of 12 V under standard irradiation conditions.
The solar module INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ASEAN PERSPECTIVE AND POLICY can be combined in parallel or series to increase the total voltage and output current according to the power required for a particular application.
The picture below shows the illustration of the solar module.
separately for the system-level andfeeder-level System-level ES Integration At the system-level.
ES integrational challenges primarily manifest into system protection issues.
During a fault condition, the current contribution from ES system may interfere with the overcurrent protection of the distribution grid.
This section details two primary protection-related concerns resulting from ES integration: sympathetic tripping and relay Fig 1.
Illustration of solar module.
Structure of Solar Cells.
By the development of science and technology, the types of solar cell technology are growing with various innovations.
There are socalled first-generation solar cells, two, three and four, with different cellular structures or parts.
this paper, we will discuss the structure and workings of typical solar cells on the market today that are silicon-based solar cells that also generally include the structure and workings of first-generation solar cells .
ilicon solar cell.
and the second .
hin fil.
(Solly Aryza.
Hermansyah.
Muhammad Irwanto.
Zulkarnain Lubis, 2.
Sympathetic Tripping The concept of sympathetic tripping is explained using Fig 2.
The distribution circuit is comprised of two feeders eachprotected by an overcurrent relay.
Consider that a fault occurson Feeder 2.
Under fault conditions, if the ES system remainsin the circuit, it inadvertently feeds the fault current through therelay at the substation (R.
When a large-scale ES ofconsiderable size is deployed, the fault current contributionfrom ES can go above the relay pickup current setting of theovercurrent relay at the substation causing an unwanted trippingof Feeder 1.
This condition is defined as sympathetic tripping.
Antireflective Layers Light reflection must be minimized in order to optimize the light absorbed by the Therefore, solar cells are usually coated by an anti-reflection coating.
This antireflection material is a thin layer of material with a large optical refractive index between the semiconductor and the air causing the light to be deflected toward the semiconductor to minimize reflected light.
ENERGY
STORAGE
ACCOMMODATION CAPACITY
Fig2.
Discharging of Energy Storage Relay Insensitivity The fault current injections by ES into the distribution system may cause a reduction in the fault current seen by an upstream protection Consequently, the reach of the upstream protective devices is reduced.
The extent of reach reduction depends upon ES capacity.
ES location, fault impedance, and feeder impedance.
The ES system inverter design also influences its fault current contribution.
An ES system can be integrated at the system level or the feeder level.
For system-level integration.
ES is deployed to provide grid support applications for the substation anddownstream feeders.
As for the feeder-level deployment.
ESsystems are sized to support local secondary loads and tomitigate integration concerns of local DG units.
In this case.
ESis located at the secondary circuit supplied by an MV/LVservice transformer.
The grid-related 3.
Feeder-level ES Integration In this case, issues observed due to ESintegration differ when ES system is integrated at the secondary feeder supplied by an MV/LV service Therefore.
ES accommodation (Fig.
At feeder-level.
ES capacity needs tobe defined and calculated INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ASEAN PERSPECTIVE AND POLICY integration can primarily result in operational issues such as violations of thermal current ratings and overvoltage limits of the secondary distribution circuit.
Thermal Current Rating Violation While charging.
ES acts as a load and may result in violations of service wireAos thermal current ratings.
Therefore, before integrating ES at the secondary feeder, it is important to determine the accommodation limit for thermal current constraints.
The analysis is equivalent to determining the maximum load a distribution asset can carry without causing a thermal current rating violation (Fig.
Voltage Limit Violation While discharging, an ES acts as a local generation and may result in overvoltages in the secondary buses.
The maximum allowable range of voltage at any bus is 5% of the rated voltage, , 1.
05 per-unit, as specified by ANSI C84.
When ES is deployed at the feeder ends of lightly loaded weak secondary circuits, an overvoltage may result due to ES discharging.
Similarly, if ES is set to charge while the circuit is heavily loaded, an undervoltage may occur.
However, for a realistic case study, it is assumed that when the load is high.
ES will typically not be programmed to charge.
If one needs to consider the undervoltage condition, the same approach as proposed for overvoltage case can be applied.
SHS is one of the applications of PLTS system for rural electrification as home lighting system individually or decentralized with relatively small installed power which is about 48-55 Wp.
The amount of authority of 50 Wp per household is expected to meet the needs of lighting, information (TV and Radi.
and communications (Radio communicatio.
The main components of SHS consist of:
Photovoltaic module as a power supply that generates electrical energy from the input of a certain amount of solar energy Battery as storage and energy conditioner Battery voltage regulator (BCR) as an over size device, guard system reliability Loads of Electric such as TL (DC) lamps, switches, radio, television, and others.
Fig 4.
Implementation of Solar Home System on Vilages.
The design is done to determine the size of photovoltaic cells and batteries for solar energy systems with a maximum capacity of 1000 Watt.
The design steps are as follows:
Fig 3.
Feeder Level Integration.
SOLAR CELL ENERGY STORAGE
SYSTEM
Determine Total Load Flow in AmpereJam (A.
Which is big enough in Indonesia application is P system as well as home lighting system individually (Solar Home Syste.
and abbreviated SHS.
The selection of this scheme in its application in the countryside is based on a consideration of the following factors:
The pattern of settlements between houses in the village is quite widespread It is difficult to get land or sea transportation Doesn't requires integration with other plants.
Modular, and easy to develop Small capacity making it easy to install Affordable prices Solar radiation as an adequate source of Not dependent on BBM Ampere-hours of equipment are calculated in DC ampere-hour/day.
The charge current can determine by dividing the wattage rating of various loaded devices with simple PV system operating voltage.
Itot load DC = Watt / Vop x hours spent a day ItotbebanAC = (Watt / Vopxjam wear da.
/0.
Itotbeban = Itot load DC Itot AC load 2 System Loss and Security Factors INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ASEAN PERSPECTIVE AND POLICY For PLTS systems with 1000 Watt power down, a 20% factor must add to loading as a substitute for system losses and security factors.
Therefore the ampere-hour load specified in step 3.
1 is multiplied by 1.
20 so that:
Total load Loss & Safety Factor = Itot load x Determining the worst Equivalent Sun Hours (ESH) hours The equivalent sun time of a place is determined based on the solar insolation map of the world released by Solarex (Solarex, 1.
Based on the world solar insolation map obtained: ESH for Sulawesi Region = 4.
Determining the Need for the Total Flow of Solar Panels The required total solar panel current is determined by dividing 'Total load Loss and safety factor' with ESH.
Itot panel = (Itot load x1,.
/ ESH .
Determining Battery Capacity Recommended Reserve Time Alamanda.
, 1997.
Prospek PLTS di Indonesia.
ELEKTRO INDONESIA,Edisi ke Sepuluh.
Penerapan Teknologi PLTS Sebagai Solusi Untuk Membuka Keterisolasian Wilayah Pedalaman Dan Terpencil.
BERITA BPPT, 2 Maret 2004 Messenger.
, and Ventre.
Photovoltaic Systems Engineering.
CRC Press.
Boca Raton USA.
Mulyadi.
Rahmad, 1995.
Buku Panduan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya.
Direktorat Teknologi Energi UPT-LSDE.
BPPT.
Patel.
Mukund.
, 1999.
Wind and Solar Power Systems.
CRC Press.
Boca Raton.
Florida.
USA.
PT.
LEN Industri.
Buku Petunjuk Instalasi.
Pengoperasian, & Pemeliharaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (SHS 50 Watt pea.
Lubis.
Hariyanto.
Perangin-angin.
Saputra.
Niska.
Wahyuni.
Iqbal.
APPLICATION HYBRID
ECO CAMPUS VEHICLE BASED ON
SOLAR POWER, 3.
Solly Aryza.
Hermansyah.
Muhammad Irwanto.
Zulkarnain Lubis.
NOVELTY OF QUALITY FERTILIZER
DRYER BASED ON SOLAR CELL AND
ANN.
Scopus, 1Ae5.
Photovoltaic solar electrical systems are equipped with storage batteries (Ak.
to provide energy at the load when operating at night or in less Recommended backup time capacity varies by the latitude of the area where solar panel installation is shown in Table 1.
(Source:
Solarex, 1996: Discover The Newest World Power.
Frederick Court.
Maryland USA).
Based on insolation map of the world (Solarex, 1.
, the location of Indonesia is located at 10o LS - 10o LU.
This means that the reserve time for all parts of Indonesia, including Central Sulawesi, is the same, i.
, 5-6 days.
CONCLUSIONS.
Based on the above description, it can be concluded that in the village of Pardamean Dusun Gunung Tua Kec.
Pahae Jae Kab.
North Tapanuli North Prov.
Sumatera feasible to use solar energy as a source of electrical energy to meet household
electrical needs as lighting at night and for other REFERENCES