JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
Vol 9.
No 2.
November 2024 ISSN: 2354-6042 (Prin.
ISSN: 2354-6050 .
Earthquake Disaster Simulation on Increasing Knowledge and Preparedness Attitudes of Elementary School Students in Padang City Salsabil Syahputri*.
Tasman.
Yosi Suryarinilsih.
Rachmadanur.
Elvia Metti Poltekes Kemenkes Padang.
Indonesia *email: salsabilsyahputri05@gmail.
Artikel history Posted.
Jun 10th, 2024 Reviewed.
Sept 26th, 2024 Accepted.
Nov 25th, 2024 Copyright A 2024 Authors This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.
International License.
ABSTRACT
The earthquake in West Sumatra in 2009 caused 1,195 people to die, where the majority of victims were the elderly and children.
The factor that causes the large number of fatalities during earthquake disasters is the lack of knowledge and attitudes of the community and children regarding earthquake disaster management preparedness.
This research aims to determine the effect of earthquake simulation on increasing knowledge and attitudes about earthquake disaster preparedness among elementary school students in Padang City.
The research method uses Quasi-experimental with One Group Pre test and Post design, the research location is Lubuk Lintah State Elementary School 21.
The population is 80 grade 5 elementary school students with 44 samples taken by proportionate random sampling.
The data collection technique uses a questionnaire.
The earthquake disaster simulation educational intervention was carried out twice in one meeting for 2x120 minutes.
Data analysis used the Paired T-dependent test.
The research results showed that there was an effect of increasing knowledge and attitudes before and after being given an earthquake simulation to elementary school students with P-value = 0.
The research conclusions show that earthquake simulations can be used to increase knowledge and attitudes about earthquake disaster preparedness among elementary school students.
If earthquake simulation is used as an activity program in schools, it can make students resilient to disasters.
Keywords: Simulation Education.
Earthquake.
Knowledge.
Attitude ABSTRAK Kejadian gempa bumi di Sumatera Barat tahun 2009 menyebabkan 1.
195 orang meninggal dunia dimana korban terbanyak adalah orang tua dan anak-anak.
Faktor yang menyebabkan banyaknya korban jiwa saat bencana gempa bumi adalah kurangnya pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat dan anak-anak tentang kesiapsiagaan penanggulangan bencana gempa bumi.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh simulasi gempa bumi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi pada murid sekolah dasar di Kota JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
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Metode penelitian menggunakan Quasi eksperimental dengan One Group Pre test and Post design, lokasi penelitian di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 21 Lubuk Lintah.
Populasi adalah murid sekolah dasar kelas 5 berjumlah 80 orang dengan 44 orang sampel diambil secara proportionate random sampling.
Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner.
Intervensi edukasi simulasi bencana gempa bumi dilakukan dua kali pada satu kali pertemuan selama 2x120 Analisa data menggunakan uji Paired T-dependen.
Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya pengaruh peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap sebelum dan sesudah diberikan simulasi gempa bumi pada murid sekolah dasar dengan p-value = 0,000.
Simpulan penelitian menunjukan simulasi gempa bumi dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap tentang kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi kepada murid sekolah dasar.
Simulasi gempa bumi jika dijadikan program kegiatan di sekolah dapat menjadikan murid tangguh bencana.
Kata Kunci : Edukasi Simulasi.
Gempa Bumi.
Pengetahuan.
Sikap
INTRODUCTION
Agency (BPBD) in 2019, reported that the Earthquakes are natural disasters in the form 2009 West Sumatra earthquake occurred of vibrations or shocks that occur on the with a magnitude of 7.
6 on the Richter Scale earth's surface due to the sudden release of off the coast of West Sumatra at 17:16:10 energy from within that creates seismic WIB on September 30, 2009.
Earthquakes although with different magnitudes (Maryana elt al.
, 2.
BNPB in the Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) year 2022, said Padang City has a Disaster Risk Index which ranks 4th out of 19 total From an earth science perspective.
Indonesia districts or cities in West Sumatra with a is geologically located at the confluence of score of 179.
igh risk clas.
Padang three active tectonic plates, namely the Indo- City was one of the cities affected by the Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the earthquake in 2009.
Pacific plate.
The activity of these three plates creates a series of volcanoes.
In this region, there are generally many active faults, making Indonesia prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions (BNPB, 2.
Children are among the vulnerable groups most at risk of being affected by disasters (Government Regulation No.
21, 2.
The vulnerability of children is caused by a lack of understanding of disaster preparedness.
BNPB in the Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) in which results in the absence of preparedness 2022, said that West Sumatra province has a in the face of disasters.
From the data on Disaster Risk Index that ranks 41st out of 514 disaster events in several regions, many total districts or cities in Indonesia with a victims are school-age children who are in score of 179.
igh risk clas.
Based on the school area or outside the school area data from the Regional Disaster Management (Indriasari, 2.
JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
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2 November 2024 hlm 308-321 years old because of the ability and curiosity The factor that causes many casualties during of children (Soetjiningsih, 2.
an earthquake disaster is the lack of knowledge and attitudes of the community Simulation is the presentation of learning and children about earthquake disaster experiences using Children who have higher understand certain concepts, principles or knowledge are expected to be better prepared Simulation education is to build to face the possibility of disasters, because mental readiness to avoid panic in the face knowledge and attitudes are the basis of of earthquake disasters, and to have the awareness to deal with earthquake disasters.
ability to carry out actual evacuation and So that children know how to save Simulations are carried out by role- themselves during an earthquake disaster playing or designing activities that are made (Susilowati et al.
, 2.
as similar as possible to the situation when mock situations to an earthquake occurs.
Before conducting the Increasing knowledge and attitudes towards disaster awareness can be done with health education, namely disaster preparedness simulation, educational materials were given to simulate earthquake disaster preparedness (N.
Sari et al, 2.
This education can be started in elementary school age children because The results of research by Stewart and Wan according to Piaget, at this time is a concrete .
and Olson et.
Al .
found that Where school-age preparedness using simulation can provide understand if the material conveyed is better results than not using simulation.
accompanied by role playing or simulations Providing information using the role play about earthquake disaster preparedness, so method as part of a simulation directed at that it can reduce casualties in school-age creating actual events, or earthquake events children (Fitri et al.
, 2.
that may appear in the future (Indriasari.
Grade V elementary school is a stage where it reaches the late childhood stage which lasts from the age of 10-12 years.
In this period the child reaches the highest objectivity.
In this period, children are in a phase with great Therefore, simulation education will be very suitable to be given to 10-12 The results of research (Anisah, 2.
on the Effect of the Disaster Simulation Method on the Preparedness of Students of SMP Negeri 4 Cigeulis Pandeglang Regency in Facing the Threat of Earthquakes.
Before being JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
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33 was obtained.
METODE which was in the criteria for being less The research design used in this study is Whereas after being given the experimental Qulation research with One treatment of the disaster simulation method.
Group Pretest and Post-test design.
This the ability to be preparedness increased with design will test the effect between research a score of 110.
59 so that it became a ready variables conducted in one meeting with 2 This shows that the use of disaster simulation methods has an influence on the Researchers preparedness of students of SMP Negeri 4 Cigeulis Pandeglang Regency in facing the threat of earthquakes.
The questionnaire used is a modification of the LIPI-UNESCO or ISDR The results of research (Fitri et al.
, 2.
on Knowledge and Preparedness Attitudes of School-Age Children After Being Given Earthquake Simulations.
Based on research .
questionnaire and has been tested for validity and reliability.
The research has been ethically tested with letter number 871/KEPK.
F1/ETIK/2024.
conducted by researchers on school-age children regarding preparedness attitudes The sampling technique used is Probability after the simulation of self-rescue during an Sampling or proportionate random sampling earthquake, the results showed that almost all or random technique by taking into account respondents had knowledge of preparedness the categories in the population with a in facing earthquakes in the good category population of 80 people using the Slovin .
4%), and most of the respondents had a formula calculation, a sample of 44 preparedness attitude in facing earthquakes respondents is obtained, where the sample in the positive category .
%).
selection for each class is taken by drawing, based on this formula, a sample of each class Based on the description above, the is obtained in accordance with the inclusion researcher aims to determine the effect of and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion criteria:
earthquake disaster simulation education on Willing to be a student respondent or fifth increasing the knowledge and attitude of grade student at SD N 21 Lubuk Lintah.
preparedness of elementary school students Respondents follow the entire series of in Padang City in facing earthquake disasters.
research from start to finish .
re test, education, and post tes.
Exclusion criteria:
JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
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simulation education material that had been obtained in the previous intervention.
The intervention process begins with filling out the pre-test questionnaire sheet, then powerpoints about simulation education, followed by providing the first intervention, namely earthquake simulation training by playing roles or role playing with a duration Furthermore, simulation training simulating earthquake disasters by means of role play or role play with a duration of 120 minutes supervised by researchers and assisted by 4 enumeators.
Ended with filling out the post test which was supervised by the researcher.
of 120 minutes supervised by researchers and assisted by 4 elnulmelrator.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1.
Characteristics of Respondents by Age and Gender at SDN 21 Lubuk Lintah Respondent Characteristics Age 10 years old 11 years old Total Gender Male Female Total Table 1.
1 shows that more than half of the students are 11 years old, namely 28 people .
6%).
More than half of the students were male as many as 31 people .
5%).
Table 1.
Mean Knowledge of Fifth Grade Students Before and After an Educational Intervention on Earthquake Simulation at SDN 21
Lubuk Lintah
Min 95% Shapiro
Variable N Mean Median SD
- Wilk
Max
Knowledge Before 13,75 2,958 7-20
12,8514,65
0,172
JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
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Variable Min Max
Shapiro
- Wilk
2,578 11-20
15,3816,94
0,066
Mean Median SD
16,16
Knowledge After Based on table 1.
2, it shows that the average score of student knowledge is average knowledge score before the between 11-20, with a standard deviation earthquake disaster simulation education The Shapiro-Wilk test results was conducted on grade V students was showed normal knowledge distribution, 75 .
% CI: 12.
, which is valueE0.
and after the intervention .
- knowledge score is between 7-20, with a .
- valueE0.
, as shown in table 1.
standard deviation of 2.
While the earthquake disaster simulation education for grade V students was 16.
% CI:
, which is believed that the Table 1.
Mean Attitudes of Fifth Grade Students Before and After an Educational Intervention on Earthquake Simulationat SDN 21 Lubuk Lintah
Variables Min Max
95% ShapiroCI
Wilk
N Mean Median Before 44 45,59 7,033 34-60
43,4547,73
0,081
After 44 48,16 46,50 6,931 36- 60 46,0550,27 0,067 Attitude 50,2751,10 Based on table 1.
3 shows that the average average student attitude score is between 34-60, with a standard deviation of 7.
earthquake disaster simulation education While the average score of attitude after to grade V students is 45.
% CI:
which is believed that the eduction on grade V earthquake students 50 .
% CI: 46.
which is JKEP (Jurnal Keperawata.
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and after the intervention .
- attitudes is between 40-60, with a value>0.
, as seen in table 1.
3 the standard deviation of 6.
increase in the attitude score of the The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test intervention group was greater .
ifference showed a normal distribution of attitudes, value = 1.
while in the control group the average score difference was 0.
- Table 1.
The Effect of Earthquake Simulation Educational Intervention in Increasing the Preparedness Knowledge of Students in Grade V at SDN 21 Lubuk Lintah
in Facing an Earthquake Earthquake Disaster Mean
Variabel
Selisih
Pengetahuan 44
Pre
Post
13,75
16,16
2,85
Pre Post Value 2,958 2,957 0,000 Based on table 1.
4, the difference in mean between knowledge before and after knowledge with a confidence level of 95% obtained p value = 0.
< 0.
simulation education.
This means that there is an influence Table 1.
The Effect of Earthquake Simulation Educational Intervention in Improving the Preparedness Attitudes of Fifth Grade Students atSDN 21 Lubuk Lintah
in Facing an Earthquake Earthquake Disaster Mean
Variabel
Selisih
Sikap
Pre
Post
44 45,59
48,16
2,57
Pre Post Value 7,033 6,931 0,000 Based on table 1.
5, the difference in mean
DISCUSSION