Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering

Journal
Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 2 (1) (2022) 7-13
Vol.
2, No.of1,Renewable
March 2022,Energy,
7-13
e-ISSN: 2776-0049

Research Original Article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/jreece.v2i1.6630

Heater lamp product design as hypothermia prevention using qfd (quality
function deployment)
Subhan1, Khairul Anshar1, Agam Muarif2, Dinda Ningtiyas1, Govinda Prashad Pandey3 & Muzamir Isa4
1 Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Malikussaleh, Bukit Indah, 24352,
Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
2 Chemistry Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Malikussaleh, Bukit Indah, 24352,
Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
3 Tribhuvan University, Nepal
4 School of Electrical System Engineering, University of Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia


Corresponding Author: khairul.anshar@unimal.ac.id | Phone: +6285261346605

Received: February 21, 2022

Revision: March 15, 2022

Accepted: March 25, 2022

Abstract
Every year the number of climbers increase, there are at least 70,000 climbers including researchers. The increase in the
number of climbers will certainly increase the mortality risk of hypothermia. At least 18 people died from hypothermia
in 2014 to 2015. The risk of hypothermia can be reduced by handling such as providing warmth to the patient. Warmth
can be created by using a tool that produces the right heat, easy and safe to use, easy to carry and also affordable. This is
the basis for researches to conduct research on designing heating products in tents as an effort to prevent hypothermia.
This research uses the QFD (Quality Function Deployment) method in processing the results of the consumer’s voice,
design the product concept, screening and selecting concept and analysis the final product design. Based on the data
collection and processing that has been carried out, there are 10 criteria for consumer needs and interests for product,
including practical tools to carry, safe to use, can warm the body to have additional functions as cellphone chargers.
While the alternative concept chosen in the form of cylindrical tube, using a Li-ion battery, and a frame made of
polypropilene plastic. From the chosen concept, then a heating lamp model is designed in the display when used and
stored.
Keywords: Product design; QFD; Heater Lamp; Hypothermia; Camping;

Introduction
Camping is often a way to relieve stress for those who are tired with work routines and busyness in the city or researchers
who are conducting research. The cold and cool air can calm the mind from the hustle and bustle of pollution in the city.
In addition to camping, mountaineering is an activity that are in great demand by various groups. But this activity has
risks that can threaten the safety of the climbers. Things that can happen when climbing a mountain or mountaineering
such as abdominal pain, sprains, fractures or dislocations of bones, allergic reactions, influenza, diarrhea and to those that
can be life threatening like hypothermia. Physical conditions very influential on the risk of hypothermia symptoms. The
human body, which has greater heat energy than the surrounding environment, will lose heat constantly until it reaches
the same temperature as the environment (Fadli, 2019). To maintain a stable temperature, the body will respond by
increasing metabolism and producing heat.
The risk of hypothermia can be reduced by taking proper prevention and treatment of the patient. The current
handling and prevention of hypothermia such as using sleeping bags, emergency blankets, jackets and heat from
emergency lights. These methods can only be used individually while the price of these tools is quite expensive. This is
the reason for researchers to design a heater lamp product, it is a heating product in the tent that can be felt warm in a
larger number of people as a prevention of hypothermia symptoms and increasing life expectancy for sufferers, so that the
mortality rate due to hypothermia can be reduced.
The existence of a similar product uses a source of propane gas and other gases, so that the heat generated is greater.
This product is commonly found in European countries which is used when camping in winter and can warm the room
when the temperature reaches -14ᴼC. This product can release toxins from the gas if it is not used properly, besides that
the temperature is too hot will damage the tent so this product is not suitable for use in Indonesia. To ensure user safety
while still providing warmth in the tent, research was carried out in designing a heating lamp product in accordance with
the voice of the customers and processed using the QFD (Quality Function Deployment) method to produce a product
design in accordance with conditions that exist in Indonesia (Fonseca et al., 2020; Park et al., 2021).

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Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 2 (1) (2022) 7-13

Literature Review
Hypothermia
Hypothermia is a medical disorder that occurs due to a drastic drop in body temperature. Normal human body
temperature is in the range of 37ᴼC. Meanwhile, people who experience hypothermia, their body temperature drops to
35ᴼC so that the functions of the nervous system and other organs of the body cannot work normally (Fadli, 2019).
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
The development of a product can be done using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. By QFD method we
can obtain information about the wants and needs of consumers, the needs of producers and product needs (Ginting, 2018)
QFD is an action to design a process in response to consumer needs (Bolar et al., 2017; Harsokoesoemo, 2004). QFD
translates what consumers need into results by the organization. QFD allows companies to prioritize consumer needs,
create innovative things according to these needs and improve processes to achieve maximum effectiveness (J, 2010; Zadry
et al., 2015).
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Stages
The starting point in the implementation of the stages of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method is the consumer
and the wants and needs of consumers (Keller & Kotler, 2009). Basically, there are 3 stages in the implementation of QFD,
all activities at each stage can be applied as in a project. The three stages that are passed are as follows (Henuk et al., 2015;
Sinulingga, 2011).
1. Voice of Customer Collection
This stage is the method used by researchers to collect qualitative data or consumer information and information in
the form of numbers for each attribute as quantitative data.
2. House of Quality Compilation
The application of the QFD method in the product or service planning process begins with the formation of the House
of Quality matrix or product planning matrix.
3. Analysis dan Implementation
At this stage, the data input process that has been collected is carried out into the House of Quality which is then
analyzed so that later it can be implemented properly and appropriately.
House of Quality Matrix
The application of the QFD method in the product design process begins with the formation of a product planning matrix
or often referred to as the House of Quality (Pawenary et al., 2020). The house of quality or also known as the House of
Quality (HOQ) is a tool or instrument in the application of the QFD methodology. In general, in compiling the House of
Quality matrix, it can be seen in Figure 1 (Urlich, K. T., & Eppinger, 2001).

Figure 1. House of Quality
Materials & Methods
There are several sources of data collection in this study, that is:
1. Primary data is data obtained directly from sources, by interviews and discussions with climbers. Focus Group
Discussions (FGD) are conducted to obtain technical responses, where FGD participants are consumers and experts
in the field of product design and others. Closed questionnaire data containing the level of interest of respondents
to product design specifications with 100 research samples.
2. Secondary data is data obtained through other parties, indirectly, or usually in the form of documentation data or
available report data, such as literature studies on QFD (Quality Function Deployment), statistics and r tables.

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Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 2 (1) (2022) 7-13
Processing and analyzing the data used there are several stages, including the following (Wijaya, 2011):
a. Determine the level of importance
At this stage, the results of the closed questionnaire determine the weight and hierarchy of importance of each
attribute.
b. Determination of technical characteristics
At this stage, the team designs and determines the technical response and technical targets to answer consumer
needs. Technical response and technical targets are obtained and determined in the focus group discussion.
c. Create matrix and weight
Making a matrix contains information on the level of consumer interest, consumer needs, the weight of technical
characteristics and the relationship between the matrices with one another by using symbols that have been defined
to determine where one technical attribute affects another technical attribute.
d. Making House Of Quality (HOQ)
The predetermined matrix is formed into a complete and detailed house of quality. HOQ is made to show the
relationship between voice of customer and voice of engineering or otherwise. The output of this stage determines
the priority level of consumer needs and technical needs, so that the design that will be created will be obtained.
e. Alternative development and selection of alternative concepts
The purpose of developing the design concept is to provide an alternative product model to be produced. The
results of the HOQ will be information for researchers in the development of alternatives. From several alternative
product concepts, the one that most dominates consumer needs will be chosen. The selection of these alternatives
is done by giving an assessment of each alternative based on a scale of 1-5. Before filling out the questionnaire,
respondents will be given an explanation that filling out this questionnaire is to determine alternatives that suit the
wishes of consumers.

f. Product design
Product design is made based on information from the selected alternative concepts.

Results and Discussion

Voice of Customers
Based on the results of interviews with climbers, it was concluded that customer needs can be seen in Table 1:
Table 1. Conclusion of Customer Needs
No
Customer Needs
1.
The equipment can warm up in the tent
2.
The equipment can be used by more than one person
3.
The equipment has a load that is not too big
4.
The equipment easy to use
5.
Practical equipment to carry
6.
Easy maintenance equipment
7.
Waterproof equipment
8.
Safe equipment to use
9.
The equipment can be a cellphone charger
10.
The equipment can be a tent light
Level of Importance
From the data on customer needs, a questionnaire with a likert scale was designed to determine the priority level of each
attribute needs. From the importance level questionnaire data that has been collected, a priority scale calculation can be
carried out by calculating the score and then totaling it and giving it a percentage
Level of importance of need 1 =

∑ 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑠 𝑛𝑜.1
∑ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

=

447
100

= 4,47

Percentage of importance needs 1 =
x 100% = 89,4
5
The results of the recapitulation can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. Priority Scale
No
Customer Needs
Level Of Importance
1.
The equipment can warm up in the tent
4.47
2.
The equipment can be used by more than one person
4.21
3.
The equipment has a load that is not too big
4.41
4.
The equipment easy to use
4.44
5.
Practical equipment to carry
4.53
6.
Easy maintenance equipment
4.4
7.
Waterproof equipment
4.38
8.
Safe equipment to use
4.52
9.
The equipment can be a cellphone charger
3.97
10. The equipment can be a tent light
4.34

9

Percentage (%)
89.4
84.2
88.2
88.8
90.6
88
87.6
90.4
79.4
86.8

Rank
3
9
5
4
1
6
7
2
10
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Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 2 (1) (2022) 7-13
Technical Characteristics
After knowing customer needs and level of importance, a Focus Group Discussion was conducted to discuss Technical
Responses to customer needs. The results of the FGD discussions can be seen in Table 3 below:
Table 3. Technical Responses
Technical Responses
Technical Target
No
Customer Needs
The equipment can warm up in
The heating medium used
Designed to be able to warm the body
1.
the tent
is focused beam
in a tent with a capacity of 4-5 people
The equipment can be used by
The mini fan spreads the
Warm lights spread throughout the
2.
more than one person
warmth from the lamp
tent
The equipment has a load that is
The frame is made of
3.
Total weight under 3 kg
not too big
plastic
Types of resources that are
The equipment can be used by
4.
The equipment easy to use
easy to use and obtain
ordinary people
5.
Practical equipment to carry
Product Dimension
The equipment is not difficult to carry
6.
Easy maintenance equipment
Sparepart sold in the market Self-replaceable heating media
The product frame uses
7.
Waterproof equipment
Safe if it rains
plastic material
8.
Safe equipment to use
The heater uses DC current
No short-circuit
The equipment can be a cellphone
9.
Battery Dimension
Fully recharge
charger
A heater that is at the same
10. The equipment can be a tent light
Light up the tent
time a light
House Of Quality (HOQ)
After processing several matrix, the matrix is combined to form a house of quality (HOQ) which can be seen in Figure
3 below. This assessment is the result of discussions with customers (customer point of view), the focus of improvement
or product specifications that must exist in the product later according to the level of importance. However, some of the
specifications that customers want must be evaluated by researchers by looking at the capacity of the ability to meet
customer specifications.

Figure 2. HOQ 1
After the product specifications are agreed, the next thing to do is determine the concept and choose the concept to

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Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 2 (1) (2022) 7-13
be developed in accordance with the product specifications. The development of alternatives and the selection of
alternative concepts will be explained in detail.
Alternative Development
At this stage, it requires the creativity of researchers and teams in providing ideas for concept development. The alternative
concepts can be seen in Table 4 below:
Table 4. Alternative Concept Technical Characteristics
Product Shape
Battery Type
Frame Raw Material
Concept 1

Polypropylene

Li-ion Rechargeble

Tube
Concept 2

Polypropylene

Cuboid

Li-Po Rechargeble

Concept 3

Acrylic

Li-Ion Rechargeble

Tube

In the next process, the comparison with the scoring concept is focused on choosing the best concept based on the
highest weight score. The results of the scoring concept can be seen in Table 5 below:
Tabel 5 Scooring Concept
Concept 1
Concept 2
Concept 3
Level of
Customer Needs
Weight
Weight
Weight
Importance Weight
Weight
Weight
Score
Score
Score
The equipment can warm up in
4.47
4
17.88
4
17.88
3
13.41
the tent
The equipment can be used by
4.21
4
16.84
4
16.84
3
12.63
more than one person
The equipment has a load that is
4.41
4
17.64
2
8.82
3
13.23
not too big
The equipment easy to use
4.44
3
13.32
3
13.32
3
13.32
Practical equipment to carry
4.53
4
18.12
3
13.59
2
9.06
Easy maintenance equipment
4.4
3
13.2
2
8.8
3
13.2
Waterproof equipment
4.38
3
13.14
2
8.76
2
8.76
Safe equipment to use
4.52
4
18.08
4
18.08
4
18.08
The equipment can be a cellphone
3.97
4
15.88
4
15.88
4
15.88
charger
The equipment can be a tent light
4.34
4
17.36
4
17.36
4
17.36
Total
161.46
139.33
134.93
Rank
1
2
3
Concept 1 looks superior because it is more stable than the others. After doing the above analysis, the next thing is to
describe the overall HOQ which can be seen in Figure 3.

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Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 2 (1) (2022) 7-13

Figure 3. HOQ 2
Product Design
After obtaining the HOQ of the product design, the product design is carried out using AutoCAD. Product design refers
to the agreed product design HOQ. The following are Figures 4 and 5 which are the design of the Heater Lamp product:

Figure 5. Product Design of Heater
Lamp when stored

Figure 4. Product Design of Heater
Lamp when in use

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Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 2 (1) (2022) 7-13

Conclusions
Based on the processing that has been done using the QFD (Quality Function Deployment) method, the importance level
value is taken from the results of the priority scale where in the first place is occupied by practical tools to carry with an
importance value of 4.53, followed by safe tools to use with a value of 4.52, and so on until the last priority order (tenth
order) is that the device can be used as a cellphone charger. As for the rank order, it is the result of sorting the raw score
from the largest to the smallest, where the first order is occupied by the specifications "Easy to find resources" and "Spare
parts sold in the market" in the last order. For the results of the scoring concept, the best concept was obtained, namely
concept 1, where this concept proposes a power source using Li-Ion batteries, the product form is a cylinder and a frame
made of polypropylene polymer plastic.

Acknowledgments
All thanks for the grace of Allah SWT in all opportunities. Shalawat and salam to our role model, Rasulullah SAW. We
appreciate Malikussaleh University for funding this research activity through the Advanced Knowledge and Skills for
Sustainable Growth Project in Indonesia - Asian Development Bank (AKSI-ADB) in the Malikussaleh University Budget
Implementation List (DIPA) for Fiscal Year of 2021. Also to colleagues and fellow researchers for their help and support.

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