Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
A Transitivity Analysis on Epic Rap Battle of Presidency Song Billy Sukma Dwiprasetyo.
Diah Supatmiwati.
Puspita Dewi.
UniversitasBumigora billysukmadwiprasetyo@gmail.
UniversitasBumigora Diahsupatmiwati9@gmail.
Universitas Bumigora Puspitadewi1191@gmail.
Received: 15th March 2.
Revised: 6th March 2.
Accepted: 23rd June 2022 Email Correspondence:diahsupatmiwati9@gmail.
Abstract The aim of this research is to analyze the Transitivity System of Epic Rap Battle of Presidency, a song by SkinnyIndonesian24, which was popular in 2019.
To reveal the constituents of Transitivity System, it was considered to use theory by M.
Halliday about Systemic Functional Linguistics in the branch of Ideational Metafunction, and the data were analyzed by using composite qualitative descriptive method where numbers and percentage were also involved.
This research shows that the song is dominated by Material Process type for about 37 occurrences .
2%) and it is followed by 33 Relational .
9%), 12
Mental .
0%), 7 Behavioral .
6%), 2 Verbal .
2%), and 1 Existential Process .
1%).
The dominance of Material Process indicates that the Epic Rap Battle of Presidency song is on the state of Material Process where the song is mainly talk about action and event.
Keywords:Transitivity.
Material Process.
Systemic Functional Linguistics.
INTRODUCTION
Music video entitled AuSkinnyIndonesian24 | Prabowo VS Jokowi Ae Epic Rap Battle of PresidencyAy was released on SkinnyIndonesian24Aos Youtube channel on April 8, 2019, a week before Indonesia presidential election was held.
The author, whose real names are Andovi da Lopez and Jovial da Lopez, represented social conditions in Indonesia in the song.
SkinnyIndonesian24 responded to Indonesian political tension by creating social-politic conflict representation discourse, which was constructed in the lyric of a song.
They illustrated Andovi as JokoWidodo, known as Jokowi, and Jovial as PrabowoSubianto, singing rap songs with a striking verse to attack each other.
The lyrics were based on strengths, weaknesses, political narrations, and personalities of both candidates who pursued the presidential position.
Having Andovi and Jovial, the music video also featured comedians Tretan Muslim and CokiPardede, who played the Role of Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta.
Coki and Tretan were there to reprimand Jokowi and Prabowo, whose parties were conflicted and Online at https://journal.
id/index.
php/humanitatis/ DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
making a commotion in public.
Nevertheless, in the end, they delivered unity ideas in their verse that persuades the two parties to return to peace and arouses young peopleAos interest to vote.
Epic Rap Battle of Presidency went viral on social media.
It accepted attention from Indonesian netizens who felt saturated with the issues.
Furthermore, it was proven by the number of viewers, which has reached 51 million.
2019 Epic Rap Battle of Presidency is not the first Epic Rap Battle that SkinnyIndonesian24 created.
They had one in 2014 with the same illustrated figure.
In making the content.
SkinnyIndonesian24 was inspired by ERB, which is Youtuber that firstly introduced Epic Rap Battle on their channel.
Political tension that was occurred in 2019 was worrying.
Because of having different political choices and views, supporters of each party overthrew each other.
It was not only in public, but the conflict was also happening inside a family.
Moreover, the polarization became increasingly visible when people started to use the terms AuCebongAy and AuKampret,Ay which they call their opposition.
Song lyrics are a form of discourse.
Discourse refers to a complete language unit.
in the grammatical hierarchy, it is the highest or most prominent grammatical unit(Kridalaksana, 1982, p.
It can be realized in other forms, for instance, books, novels, and the rest.
Writings or works are not created arbitrarily, but some goals and motives underlie in the process of their making.
Social conditions or phenomena can be respects that influence the writer to create a discourse.
For example.
Epic Rap Battle of Presidency was inspired by the political conflict that Indonesian people had experienced at the time.
That social phenomenon made the song stand out, and it was quickly accepted by society.
Lyrics of songs often attract researchersAo attention in linguistics study.
The strategy of songwriters, which is shown in unique writing styles and dictions, has been the research object so far.
Hence, aspects of linguistics are used as a set of tools in the process.
In terms of its type of study, linguistics is divided into several fields.
Moreover, to analyze discourse in a song, people use the study of discourse analysis.
Discourse analysis itself has some approaches.
One of them is Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) that Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday coins.
Most of the literarture review of this research comes from HallidayAos Systemic Functional Linguistics.
SFL has been contributing to the linguistics world.
Systemic functional linguistics is a branch of linguistics that studies the form of language selection in the context of its use.
Halliday introduced three meta-functions of language through SFL: ideational, interpersonal, and textual.
These three functions became the basis of language research.
The ideational is the main subject of this research where ideational metafunction has sub-network called Transitivity.
Transitivity is a system that represents the encoding of experiential meanings: meanings about the world, about the experience, about how we perceive and Online at https://journal.
id/index.
php/humanitatis/ DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
experience what is going on (Eggins, 2004, p.
Thus, in this research, writer tried to identify the dominant type of transitivity system in Epic Rap Battle of Presidency song by SkinnyIndonesian24.
Halliday introduced six types of processes in Transitivity System (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2.
, they are: Material Process.
Relational Process.
Mental Process.
Behavioral Process.
Verbal Process, and Existential Process.
Material processes are the doing and happening of things.
An intransitive Material clause represents what is happening, while a transitive Material clause represents what is doing.
Relational processes involve states of being and having.
They are classified based on whether they are used to identify something or to assign a quality to something.
Identifying Processes establish identity, while Attributive Processes assign a quality.
A mental process involves feeling, thinking, and There are four types of Mental Processes: perception .
eeing, hearing, noticing, feeling, and smellin.
, affection .
iking, loving, fearing, hating, admiring, and missin.
, cognition .
hinking, knowing, believing, doubting, remembering, forgetting, and understandin.
, and volition .
anting, needing, desiring, hoping, and wishin.
(Lock, 1996, p.
The behavioral process is between mental and material processes, the process of physiological and psychological.
Breathing, dreaming, snoring, smiling, hiccupping, looking, watching, listening, and pondering are examples of physiological and psychological behavior processes (Gerot & Wignell, 1994, p.
The verbal process is the act of saying something, while .
Existential Process represents something that exists or happens (Matthiessen & Halliday, 2014, p.
To support the discussion of the research, the writer read some articles about transitivity which are written by variety of researchers.
There are two previous study related to this research.
The first study was written by YichaoZang.
entitled AuTransitivity Analysis of Hillary ClintonAos and Donald TrumpAos First Television Debate,Ay which was published in the International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature.
The research analyses the first television debate between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump.
The main findings show that material processes, relational processes, and mental processes are relatively dominant in both candidates' speeches.
while compared with Hillary.
Trump tends to use more existential processes.
The conducted research used Transitivity and Mood system, whereas the third study only used the Transitivity system.
The third study contributed to enriching insight and become a reference of the Transitivity system study.
The second study was researched by NyomanSupadmi.
entitled AuTransitivity in The Text of Indonesia President Speech,Ay which was published by Growingsholar Publisher.
USA.
Text of Indonesian President JokoWidodo's speech of 75th Indonesian independent day celebration indicated that the government never gave up on facing the situation caused by Covid-19.
The text was dominated by the Online at https://journal.
id/index.
php/humanitatis/ DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
material process .
and the relational process .
The usage of the relational process indicated conditions happening in Indonesia.
Existential process clauses were also found in the text as many as 35 in use.
The conducted research utilized both Transitivity and Mood systems, whereas the fourth previous study only focused on the Transitivity system.
The contribution of the fourth study is to enrich the conducted research writer's knowledge of the Transitivity system and to be a reference for analyzing the Transitivity system in the Indonesian language.
Based on the explanation, the researcher tried to conduct Transitivity Analysis on Epic Rap Battle of Presidency song.
This research is expected to to increase knowledge about discourse analysis by looking at its implication to other fields, in this case, is music works, and to increase insight about how to analyze text to find out the structures that it contains and to give a preview of transitivity analysis on the lyric of a song based on Systemic Functional Linguistics theory.
RESEARCH METHOD
The descriptive qualitative method was used in this study.
The qualitative descriptive method, according to Sugiyono.
is a research method based on the philosophy of post-positivism that is used to examine the condition of natural objects .
s opposed to experimentin.
with the researcher as the primary instrument.
The goal of qualitative descriptive research is to describe, explain, and answer in greater detail the problems to be studied by studying an individual, a group, or an event as thoroughly as The descriptive qualitative method is also accompanied by composite research design where numbers such as percentages and occurrences are involved.
This study was conducted in two ways: the writer conducted library research to find publications related to the topic and the writer gathered data by note-taking and listening the song Epic Rap Battle of Presidency by SkinnyIndonesian24.
The aim of this research is to identify the Transitivity System in Epic Rap Battle of Presidency by SkinnyIndonesian24, which was released in 2019.
The object of the research is the types of Transitivity System which are divided into 6 types, namely: Material.
Relational.
Mental.
Behavioral.
Verbal, and Existential Process.
The source of this research's data is lyrics in the video of the song called Epic Rap Battle of Presidency produced by SkinnyIndonesian24.
The source of the data is taken by doing five steps as follow: .
Searching Epic Rap Battle of Presidency video on Youtube platform.
Listening and taking note of the lyrics of the song.
Shorting the data based on Clause.
Identifying parts of Transitivity and Mood that exist in the lyrics.
Classifying and presenting all the clauses in the form of table.
Online at https://journal.
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php/humanitatis/ DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
After gathering the data, writer analyze the data by using three concurrent activities: data condensation .
, data display, and drawing and verifying conclusions (Miles & Huberman.
Data reduction is the process of selecting, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming data that appears in written-up fields or notes.
With Data Reduction, the writer reduces the lyrics of the song Epic Rap Battle of Presidency into clauses.
From the song Epic Rap Battle of Presidency, it was found that there were 92 clauses.
The 92 clauses will be divided according to transitivity system.
Furthermore, the second flow of data analysis is Data Display.
Generally.
Data Display is an organized and compressed assembly of information that permits conclusion drawing and action (Miles & Huberman, 1994, p.
After reducing the data obtained, the writer displays and sorts the data.
Transitivity analysis data are ycA shown and sorted from the highest and lowest numbers by using 92 ycu 100 formula to find the percentage of the data.
Lastly, writer drawn and verified the conclusion.
The drawing and verification of conclusions is the third stream of analysis activity (Miles & Huberman, 1994, p.
The qualitative analyst interprets what things mean by noting patterns, explanations, causal flows, and propositions from the start of data Therefore, based on the analysis of the data that has been sorted and shown, the writer draw and verify conclusions from the data results.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
There are six types of Processes found in the text.
Analysis of Transitivity of the Epic Rap Battle of Presidency is summarized in the following table:
Table 1.
Summary of Transitivity Analysis of Epic Rap Battle of Presidency No.
Process Type Material Relational Mental Behavioral Verbal Existential TOTAL:
Frequency Percentage As shown in table.
Material and Relational are the dominant process types in the text of the song Epic Rap Battle of Presidency.
Material Process has the highest number of occurrences with a percentage of 2% and followed by Relational Process as much as 35.
The other types of process have lower occurrences: Mental 13.
Behavioral 7.
Verbal 2.
Existential 1.
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php/humanitatis/ DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
The following section will elaborate on each category and the specific application of process type in the song lyrics (Bloor & Bloor, 2.
1 Material Process The Material Process is a process of doing and happening (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004, p.
An intransitive Material clause represents what is happening, while a transitive Material clause represents what is doing.
The Material Process has 37 occurrences in the song and takes 40.
2% of 92 The following table will show the example of Material Process:
Table 2.
Example of AuDoingAy Material Process No.
Cirumstance Untung kali ini.
Tapi kali ini.
Di pasar Participant (Kit.
Process Participant Presiden Circumstance Table 3.
Example of AuHappeningAy Material Process Cirumstance Participant Bapak (Bapa.
(Bapa.
(And.
Circumsta Process Participant samaRicis bareng Atta 2 Relational Process Relational Process involves state of having and being (Gerot & Wignell, 1994, p.
It relates to the property of an entity or the relation between participants.
Relational Process analysis can help readers to understand the quality and identification of each figure represented in the text.
Relational Process is the second dominating process type in the text that takes 35.
9% occurrences of 92 clauses.
There are two types of Relational Process that occurred in the text: Attributive and Identifying.
Processes which establish an identity are called Identifying Processes and Processes which assign a quality are called Attributive Processes (Gerot & Wignell, 1994, p.
Here are the example of relational processes.
Table 4.
Example of Relational Process No.
Cirumstance Participant (Bapak Process Attributing (Bapak Dasar Identifying Participant Circumstance boneka PDI Online at https://journal.
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php/humanitatis/ DOI : https://doi.
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30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
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: 2477-2267
3 Mental Process Mental Process involves perception, affection, cognition, and volition (Lock, 1.
The activity for this process is done consciously because the activity is related to oneAos ability, desire, and view (Eggins, 2.
The occurrences of Mental Process is the third after Relational Process with percentage of From those four different types of Mental Process.
Cognition appears to be the dominating one.
The example of mental process can be seen in the following table:
Table 5.
Example of Mental Process No.
Cirumstance Participant Walau Bapak (Kalia.
Mereka Saya Process Participant Circumstance Cognition Volition Perception flow saya yang belumdengjaman now Affection akterBapak 4 Behavioral Process Behavioral Process is the fourth process after Mental Process with 7 occurrences .
6%) of 92 The behavioral process is a process of physiological and psychological.
The behavioral process exists somewhere between the material and mental process.
Here are the examples of Behavioral Process.
Table 6.
Example of Behavioral Process No.
Cirumstance Dari kecil Participant (Pak Jokow.
(Bapa.
Process Saya Bung.
Participant Circumstance .
bareng Atta in Character! Online at https://journal.
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30812/humanitatis.
Humanitatis :Journal of Language and Literature SK Dirjen DIKTI Nomor 36/E/KPT/2019 Vol.
8 No.
2 June 2022 ISSN (Prin.
ISSN (Onlin.
: 2338-9362
: 2477-2267
5 Verbal Process The verbal process involves act of saying something.
Verbal Process occurs 2 times .
2%) of 92 Here are the findings of verbal process:
Table 7.
Example of Verbal Process No.
Cirumstance Participant (Kalia.
Process Participant Circumstance Terimakasih.
JK pendukung dewasalahdalamberkasihtahu 6 Existential Process The Existential Process is the least type process which occurred in the text with only one occurrence.
The Existential Process is a process of existing that expresses existence and entity without predicting anything else (Zhang, 2017, p.
Here is the finding of Existential Process:
Table 8.
Example of Existential Process No.
Cirumstance Participant Nih Process
Participant Circumstance BPJS
CONCLUSION
The Based on the analysis that has been conducted.
Epic Rap Battle of Presidency a song by SkinnyIndonesian 24 is on the state of Material Process.
Material Process has the highest occurrences in the text for about 40.
2% and it is followed by the other types of process: Relational 35.
Mental 13.
Behavioral 7.
Verbal 2.
2%, and Existential 1.
The dominance of Material Process in the song can indicate that the song is mainly discuss about action and event.
In the other hand, the second dominant process, which is Relational, means that the text also described and identified the participant which are involved in the text.
Furthermore, text tried to unveil what participant sense correspond to the third process, which is Mental.
Behavioral.
Verbal, and Existential are considered to be minor process since Material.
Relational, and Mental process are found to be dominance (Supatmiwati et al.
, 2.
REFERENCES