LUNAR (Language and Ar.
ISSN: 2541-6804 Vol.
8 No.
1 May 2024
The Analysis of Short StoryAos Figurative Language During the Covid-19 Pandemic Out Break : The Case of Indonesia Secondary School
1,2,3
Sonya Ramadana1 .
Dian Arief Pradana2 .
St.
Shabibatul Rohmah3 Department of English Education.
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education.
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945.
Banyuwangi sonya@gmail.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine and describe the figurative language used in short stories.
The research data were in the form of speech in text extracts, and were collected through document analysis using descriptive qualitative methods.
The data were selected purposively.
Data are selected using a coding system to identify data using figurative language.
The selected data were analyzed using several Hymes communication ethnographic components which separate language form and language Figurative language is classified into types of figures based on the Kennedy There are eight types of figurative language, namely: metaphor, simile, personification, pleonasm, hyperbola, repetition, rhetoric, ellipsis.
The results of this study are expected to provide information about various figurative languages and messages, behind it and knowing how figurative language is used in literary works? especially in short stories for students.
In addition, it is also hoped that it can be useful for English language lecturers as input and consideration for applying some material about types of figurative language, especially those used in short stories.
Other researchers can use the findings of this study as a reference for conducting further research on similar issues.
Keywords: Figurative Language.
Short Stories.
Introduction Language is a communication tool that plays an important role in human life as a tool to express ideas, feelings and establish relationships with others because relationships will not exist well without communication continue well Burton.
Decalne, and Bateson .
argue that language is used for communication.
With language, each person can express their feelings and emotions through many things.
Like writing short stories based on personal experiences or based on their imagination.
Please note that short stories are a part of literature.
Literature is a work of art, both written and spoken, containing ideas in beautiful language and capable of making a beautiful impression on the reader.
According to Goodman .
, literature can be described as a genre of writing intended for creative purposes, such as plays, prose novels, and Page | 18 LUNAR (Language and Ar.
ISSN: 2541-6804 Vol.
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1 May 2024 This film is classified as a performance.
Poetry is divided into rhyme and While prose is classified into narratives, novels, and short stories.
A short story is a work of narrative prose describes a character's story and all conflicts and solutions are written concisely and clearly.
Schmidt and Bogarad .
6: 1.
argue that short stories are fictional stories from a more limited space than novels and often focus on events or characters.
Short stories have 5 elements: characters, setting, plot, conflict, and theme.
To make the news more interesting and imaginative, some words in the news use figurative language.
Figurative expressions are expressions that are not interpreted according to a dictionary, but whose meaning is adapted to the context because each expression has a certain and special meaning.
Figurative expressions are often found in written works, especially literary works.
These figurative expressions or figurative language are used by the author for at least two purposes, including: .
figurative expressions are considered beautiful, and .
each figurative expression is considered beautiful.
Each has its own meaning and is used for the purpose specified by the author.
From these 2 reasons we can understand that figurative language is used when the author wants to highlight elements of beauty in his writing and wants to express something that can only be expressed with certain figurative expressions.
Teaching and learning exchange process in which teaches and students can learn from each other but the role of teacher is more dominant in the classroom.
(Claudya.
et al.
Vol.
7 No.
Discussions about figurative language are very helpful for students in increasing their knowledge of new vocabulary and can also help students in answering tests such as the TOFEL test.
With this, teachers must be smart in choosing teaching methods because figurative language expressions are teaching materials that are rarely used as teaching materials in public schools, especially in nonformal education institutions.
Teachers must be able to use the 2 main objectives of learning figurative language expressions as the main reference in determining learning Short stories are the oldest type of writing, and have exists in many different structures, including myths, fairy tales, ballads, and fables.
A short story sometimes has almost no exchange, but may also include a speech even if the description is brief.
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1 May 2024 essay like a short story is a masterpiece in recounting what happened and how it Apart from depending on certainty and apart from depending on reality, this event could have been something dreamed by the author and realized in the realm of dreams which is far about the truth of life.
According to Anderson, cited by Muharani .
, briefly stories manage the important elements that make up the story itself.
These components play their respective roles to give meaning to the story.
Specifically, theme, plot, setting, characters and point of view.
Research Method Research design is an arrangement carried out by researchers to obtain clear, level-headed, precise and system data (Ary, 2.
own least one inquiry on the basic event of the study to support the investigator select the most consistent approach.
The general approach to do research is based on quantitative and qualitative methods.
Qualitative research methods use descriptive methods to create meaning and understanding about the events Apprentice.
According to Bogdan and Biklen.
According to Maxwell .
, qualitative research method is study process that result descriptive data in oral or written form and about the behavior of the people being Moreover , by qualitative metode the researcher whill understand the meaning of situation and reveal the value of figuratife language in the short story used (Gusnaini,et al.
2023 Vol.
3 No.
This study is included in qualitative research because the survey analyzes the data descriptively and serve the results in the form of verbal information and will rely on the data perform in tabular.
The object of the research is a short story by O.
Henry.
Researchers chose 2 of 381 short stories by O.
Henry Litte.
The Gift of the Magi and Hearts and Hands.
This short story is so famous because it is the most imitated and adapted short story in modern American literature.
After that.
Henry wrote his literary work in imaginative writing and had a surprising ending.
When collecting data, researchers define data collection by identifying specific characteristics relevant to the research goals, that is, by sampling only the figurative language intended to solve the problem study.
During the data collection process, the researcher read the entire content of the story while also looking for figurative language in the story.
Research instruments are very important for researchers to obtain data.
As an instrument Page | 20 LUNAR (Language and Ar.
ISSN: 2541-6804 Vol.
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1 May 2024 for this research, researchers collect data, analyze data, and report data findings.
Apart from researchers, the second instrument in this research is a data list.
Research Finding and Discussion According to Wiersma cited by Ratminingsih .
, data analysis in subjective research is a setting of structure, presentation and blend.
reduction is significant for the agency and explanation of the indication under In short, analyze data systematically performs the analysis of compiled There of figurative Metaphor.
Simile.
Personification.
Hyperbola.
Pleonasm.
Repetition.
Rhetoric.
Ellipsis.
The material has been made.
the next step is the process of implementing the In this case, during the pandemic era, all learning was done online without The learning steps are as follows.
The teacher create a class group on the WhatsApp application according to previous notification which all students must do join the group first.
After the teacher takes attendance to check compiled.
The data analysis process in this study was carried out as follows:
Provide theory and description of figurative language to students.
Prepare 2 short stories by Littel ''The Gift of the Magi'' and ''Hearts and Hands'' written by O.
Henry.
Divide students into two parts, aiming to give each group a different short story.
Identify figurative language expressed in short stories that students receive, this is aims understand stories and collect data using figurative language.
The figurative language data found is recorded in the table.
Students examine the types of figurative language writers use while providing explanations for the data they find.
To make it easier to classify this research data, the researcher created a list of abbreviations for the following types of figurative language: Metaphor (M).
Simile (S.
Personification (P).
Hyperbola (H.
Pleonasm (P.
Repetition (R ).
Rhetoric (R.
Ellipsis (E).
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1 May 2024 Students' attendance, the teacher start a discussion about the meaning of figurative language with the power points that have been prepared, with 45 minutes of free time accompanied by questions and answers to find out how much students understand the material provided.
After that the teacher divide students into 4 discussion groups, after the groups are formed the teacher give 1 short story to each group, the first and second groups of short stories are entitled ''The Gift of the Magi'', while the third and fourth groups are short stories entitled "Heart and Hands".
The next step is to direct students to discuss determining the types of 8 figurative language in the short stories that have been prepared.
Collection of assignments given in table form.
Pleonasm Pleonasm is writing words that have the same meaning, giving the impression of repeated meaning.
Example :
They have sailed the vast seas in search of spices.
This sentence refers to pleonasm.
Because the expression "the vast seas" contains unnecessary words that have the same meaning, namely "wide" and if one of these words is removed it will not change the meaning.
Simile Simile is a direct comparison between two things with different meanings.
Simile uses the word "like" or "as" to compare two clearly different things as being the same.
Example :
Rina's face is very beautiful like a flower.
In this sentence we can see the word "like" is used to compare Rina's beauty to a flower.
Example :
Tommy walked very slowly, like a turtle.
This text can be said to be a parable because it explains that the word "like" is used to compare the way Tommy walks with the slowness of a turtle.
Hyperbole Hyperbole is a figurative expression whose writing and pronunciation seem to exaggerate existing facts.
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1 May 2024 Example :
My heart was broken into pieces hearing the sad news.
The sentence "broken into pieces" including hyperbole because this sentence is an The word "broken" already describes a feeling, but the addition of "into pieces" indicates that this phrase is used to emphasize a sentence.
Repetition Repetition is a figure of speech used in writing to repeat several words in a Repetition consists of expressions that resemble the repetition of a sound or Example :
AuHe liked white so much that he bought a snow-white cat and named it whiteAy.
This sentence has a repeated word, namely the word "white" which is mentioned several times in one sentence.
This word has an increasing effect and can arouse the reader's Metaphor A metaphor is a statement that compares two things that are not the same.
Unlike similes, metaphors do not use the words "like" or "as".
Such a statement only makes sense if the reader understands the relationship between the two things being compared.
Example :
AuNever waste time because time is moneyAy.
The sentence compares time and money, the two words have different meanings but literally mean the amount of time you have is equal to the amount of money you have.
Every time wasted means a person loses the opportunity to make more money.
Rhetoric Rhetoric is the technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form.
with the aim of persuading, influencing or pleasing the audience.
Example :
Isn't cafe it very congested there.
Jim? This sentence does not require an answer from the person being asked because the person asking already knows the answer so this sentence is included in rhetoric.
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1 May 2024 Ellipsis Ellipsis is a form of speech that omits a part of a sentence or event that is easily filled in or interpreted by the reader or listener.
Example :
YouAoll come, will you? This sentence is included in the ellipsis, because in the sentence "YouAoll come, will you?Ay, there are several sentences that were deliberately omitted to make the picture more interesting, but the reader knows the intent and purpose.
Personification Personification is a form of rhetoric in which a thing, idea, or animal is given human attributes.
The function of this figurative language is to make images more vivid, explain more clearly, and make readers more imaginative.
Example :
The flowers waltzed in the gentle breeze.
This statement falls under personification because it describes a flower dancing.
flowers cannot dance but are given human character.
Example :
"The sun smiles on us" This sentence has personification.
The expression Authe sun smiles on usAy describes the sun's rays shining brightly.
The results obtained were that students were able to determine and look for 8 forms of figuratIve language in O.
Hendry's 2 short stories entitled "The Gift of the Magi" and Hearts and Hands.
Based on data analysis results and conclusions, from 8 types of figurative language in the short story titled ''The Gift of the Magi'' there are: 1 Pleonasm, 4 Similes.
Hyperbole.
Repetitions.
Metaphor, 3 Rhetoric, 1 Ellipse, 0 Personification.
Meanwhile, in the short story entitled "Heart and Hand" there are: 2 Hyperbole, 6 Personification, 1 Metaphor, 2 Rhetoric, 1 Ellipsis, 0 Pleonasm, 0 Simile, 0 Repetition.
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1 May 2024 Table 1 The Gift of the Magi The Gift of the Magi Type Figurative Pleonasm Simile Hyperbola Repetition Metaphor Rhetoric Ellipsis Personification Total Total Persentase 7,1% 28,6% 7,1% 21,4% 7,1% 21,4% 7,1% 0,0% Table 2 Heart and Hand Heart and Hand Type Figurative Pleonasm Simile Hyperbola Repetition Metaphor Rhetoric Ellipsis Personification Total Total Persentase 0,0% 0,0% 14,3% 0,0% 7,1% 14,3% 7,1% 42,9% Conclusion This research aims explore and describe the figurative language used in short Figures of speech, also called figures of speech, are a form of language use in the form of comparison or comparison.
This word is very informal, the meaning of the word is not correct or not explained according to the dictionary.
Pictographs are used to create an impression of beauty and emphasize the importance of what is Figurative language is classified into types based on Kennedy's theory.
There are many different types of figurative language, but we will only cover eight types of figurative Page | 25 LUNAR (Language and Ar.
ISSN: 2541-6804 Vol.
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1 May 2024 Such as: Metaphor.
Simile.
Personification.
Pleonasm.
Hyperbole.
Repetition.
Rhetoric.
Ellipsis It is hoped that the results of this study will be informative about various figurative languages and the messages behind them and find out how figurative language is used in literary works.
Literary works can be described as a body of works intended for creative purposes, such as plays, prose novels, poems, and short stories.
Apart from that, it is also hoped that it will be useful for English lecturers as input and consideration for applying some material about types of figurative language, especially those used in short stories.
Other researchers this research result can be used as a reference to conduct further research on similar issues.
Reference