Jurnal Publikasi Sistem Informasi dan Manajemen Bisnis Volume.
Number.
3 September 2025 e-ISSN: 2808-8980.
p-ISSN: 2808-9383.
Page 183-193 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
55606/jupsim.
Available : https://journalcenter.
org/index.
php/jupsim The Influence of AHTS Vessel Maintenance on Operational Efficiency at Pertamina Marine Solutions HarmuzanA*.
Dapot Diaman2.
Mardiana3.
Boy Laksmana4.
Ihram Wiratantri5 Program Studi Manajemen.
Fakultas Ekonomi Bisnis.
Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Transportasi Malahayati.
North Jakarta.
Indonesia Email: harmuzan@stmtmalahayati.
Address: Jl.
Sungai Tirem No.
Marunda Baru-Cilincing North Jakarta 14150 Indonesia * Author correspondence Abstract.
This research investigates how maintenance of Anchor Handling Tug Supply (AHTS) vessels and the availability of spare parts affect operational efficiency in Pertamina Marine SolutionsAo Transko Andalas Using a qualitative approach, the study engaged maritime experts, engineers, and operational supervisors to identify essential determinants of vessel performance and continuity.
Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and thematic analysis, which provided insights into maintenance issues and their direct implications for daily operations.
The findings show that operational efficiency improves significantly when preventive maintenance is carried out consistently and supported by reliable spare parts availability.
Conversely, delays in spare parts procurement, shortages of skilled technical staff, and gaps in maintenance expertise are found to weaken vessel reliability.
The study makes an important contribution to the field of maritime transportation management by offering practical, evidence-based maintenance guidelines and emphasizing the importance of developing human resources for specialized offshore support vessels.
In addition, the research highlights several practical measures, including the establishment of stronger maintenance systems, the provision of comprehensive training for technical personnel, and the optimization of supply chain strategies to ensure timely spare parts readiness.
These implications provide valuable direction for enhancing operational performance and sustainability within the Indonesian maritime sector, particularly in complex offshore support operations where efficiency and reliability are critical.
Keywords: AHTS Vessel Maintenance.
Maritime Human Resources.
Maritime Logistics.
Operational Efficiency.
Spare Parts Management.
INTRODUCTION
The maritime transportation industry serves as the backbone of global trade, with specialized vessels playing crucial roles in supporting offshore operations and energy sector Within this complex ecosystem.
Anchor Handling Tug Supply (AHTS) vessels represent a critical component of offshore support services, particularly in oil and gas exploration and production activities (Caldeirinha et al.
, 2.
These specialized vessels, characterized by their unique operational requirements and technical complexity, demand sophisticated maintenance strategies to ensure continuous operational readiness and safety The operational efficiency of AHTS vessels directly impacts the economic viability of offshore projects, making maintenance management a strategic priority for maritime service Modern port operations and vessel management systems increasingly emphasize the integration of sustainable practices with operational excellence, recognizing that efficient maintenance protocols contribute to both environmental sustainability and economic Manuscript Received: August 7, 2025.
Revised: August 21, 2025.
Accepted: September 8, 2025.
Published:
September 10, 2025 The Influence of AHTS Vessel Maintenance on Operational Efficiency at Pertamina Marine Solutions performance (Zhou et al.
, 2.
The framework for measuring port resilience and vessel operational efficiency has evolved to encompass comprehensive assessment of maintenance effectiveness, human resource capabilities, and supply chain optimization (Kim et al.
, 2.
The Indonesian maritime sector, exemplified by companies such as Pertamina Marine Solutions, faces increasingly complex challenges in maintaining operational excellence while managing cost pressures and regulatory compliance requirements.
Contemporary maritime operations demand strategic integration of digital technologies with traditional maintenance practices, as evidenced by successful implementations of intelligent ship management systems that enhance both safety and operational efficiency (Zhang et al.
, 2.
The development of sustainable port policies and vessel operation frameworks has become essential for maintaining competitive advantage in the global offshore support market (Zhou et al.
, 2.
Research in maritime sustainability and operational efficiency has increasingly focused on the integration of technological advancement with human capital development, recognizing that vessel performance depends on the synergistic relationship between equipment reliability and crew competency (Paridaens & Notteboom, 2.
The complexity of AHTS operations, involving dynamic positioning, anchor handling, and supply vessel functions, requires specialized maintenance approaches that differ significantly from conventional merchant vessel operations.
Maritime policy integration frameworks emphasize the importance of coordinated approaches to vessel maintenance, environmental compliance, and operational efficiency optimization (Paridaens & Notteboom, 2.
The application of quality assessment methodologies in maritime operations has demonstrated the critical importance of systematic evaluation approaches for container seaport efficiency determinants, which directly applies to specialized vessel operations such as AHTS services (Caldas et al.
, 2.
Shore power deployment and environmental considerations have become integral components of modern vessel operations, requiring enhanced maintenance protocols that address both operational efficiency and environmental compliance requirements (Qi et al.
, 2.
The central research problem addresses the insufficient optimization of maintenance practices and spare parts management systems within AHTS operations at Pertamina Marine Solutions.
Specifically, this study investigates how maintenance effectiveness and spare parts availability influence the operational efficiency of the Transko Andalas vessel.
The research problem emerges from observed operational disruptions caused by inadequate spare parts procurement, limited technical personnel competencies, and suboptimal maintenance scheduling practices that collectively compromise vessel reliability and operational continuity.
JUPSIM - VOLUME.
NUMBER.
3 SEPTEMBER 2025
e-ISSN: 2808-8980.
p-ISSN: 2808-9383.
Page 183-193 Contemporary maritime operations increasingly recognize the importance of environmental efficiency assessment, with directional distance functions being employed to measure environmental efficiency of international liner shipping companies (Liao & Lee.
This environmental focus extends to specialized vessel operations, where maintenance practices must balance operational efficiency with environmental compliance and sustainability objectives.
The integration of environmental considerations into maintenance protocols represents a critical evolution in maritime transportation management.
The primary research objective focuses on determining the influence of vessel maintenance practices on the operational efficiency of AHTS Transko Andalas within Pertamina Marine Solutions' operational framework (Ginting.
Trisno, & Ruminda, 2.
Secondary objectives include analyzing the impact of spare parts availability on operational continuity particularly noting how effective monitoring and employee coordination in procuring main engine spare parts sustain vessel operation (Sobirin et al.
, 2.
and identifying barriers that affect both spare parts management and maintenance effectiveness.
To address these issues, the study will also explore reliability-based maintenance strategies that have demonstrated significant cost reductions and operational efficiency improvements in marine engine systems (Carter.
Lee, & Taylor, 2.
, aiming to lay groundwork for recommendations in enhanced human resource development for specialized maritime operations.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research employs a qualitative methodology designed to comprehensively examine the complex relationships between maintenance practices, spare parts availability, and operational efficiency in AHTS vessel operations.
The methodological approach recognizes the multifaceted nature of maritime operations and the need for in-depth understanding of both technical and human factors that influence vessel performance, following established frameworks for maritime policy integration and operational assessment (Paridaens & Notteboom, 2.
Population and Sampling The population for this study comprises maritime professionals directly involved in AHTS Transko Andalas operations at Pertamina Marine Solutions, including technical crew members, maintenance supervisors, marine engineers, deck officers, and shore-based support The sampling strategy employs purposive sampling to ensure representation of different operational roles and experience levels, with participants selected based on their direct JUPSIM - VOLUME.
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The Influence of AHTS Vessel Maintenance on Operational Efficiency at Pertamina Marine Solutions involvement in maintenance activities and operational decision-making processes, consistent with methodological approaches used in seaport efficiency assessments (Caldas et al.
, 2.
The sample includes eighteen primary respondents: six senior marine engineers with more than ten years of experience in AHTS operations, five maintenance supervisors responsible for preventive and corrective maintenance planning, four deck officers with operational command responsibilities, and three shore-based technical support specialists.
This expanded purposive selection ensures comprehensive coverage of perspectives from both operational and technical domains while maintaining focus on individuals with substantial experience in AHTS maintenance and operations.
Research Instruments The research instruments comprise multiple complementary tools designed to capture both structured and unstructured data about maintenance practices and operational outcomes, following established methodologies for risk scenario evaluation in maritime operations (Zhang et al.
, 2.
The primary instrument consists of semi-structured interview protocols developed specifically for different respondent categories, with questions designed to explore maintenance challenges, decision-making processes, spare parts management experiences, and operational performance observations.
The interview protocols include open-ended questions that allow respondents to share detailed experiences and specific examples of maintenance-related operational impacts, incorporating frameworks for assessing port resilience and operational efficiency (Kim et al.
Secondary instruments include focus group discussion guides that facilitate collaborative exploration of maintenance practices and challenges, observational checklists for documenting maintenance activities and procedures, and document analysis templates for reviewing maintenance logs, spare parts inventory records, and operational performance Data Collection Data collection follows a systematic approach that integrates multiple qualitative methods to ensure comprehensive coverage of research objectives, incorporating best practices from maritime sustainability research (Zhou et al.
, 2.
The process begins with individual semi-structured interviews conducted with each respondent in their workplace environment to maximize comfort and facilitate detailed discussion of operational experiences.
Each interview JUPSIM - VOLUME.
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Page 183-193 session lasts approximately 60-90 minutes and is recorded with participant consent for subsequent transcription and analysis.
Following individual interviews, focus group discussions bring together respondents from different operational roles to explore collaborative aspects of maintenance practices and identify shared challenges and solutions.
Observational data collection involves systematic documentation of maintenance activities during planned maintenance windows and emergency repair scenarios, providing objective insights into maintenance practices and their operational impacts, following methodologies established in shore power deployment studies (Qi et al.
Data Analysis Data analysis employs a comprehensive qualitative framework that integrates thematic analysis, cross-group comparisons, and narrative synthesis to develop coherent understanding of research findings, incorporating analytical approaches from maritime policy integration research (Paridaens & Notteboom, 2.
Thematic analysis begins with systematic coding of interview transcripts and focus group discussions using both deductive codes derived from research objectives and inductive codes emerging from data analysis.
The coding process identifies key themes related to maintenance effectiveness, spare parts management challenges, operational efficiency factors, and human resource development Cross-group comparisons analyze differences and similarities in perspectives among different respondent categories to identify commonalities and distinctions in maintenance experiences and operational observations.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results and Analysis The qualitative analysis of maintenance practices and operational efficiency in AHTS Transko Andalas operations reveals significant insights into the complex relationships between maintenance effectiveness, spare parts availability, and operational performance.
The comprehensive data analysis, based on interviews with eighteen maritime professionals and supplemented by focus group discussions and observational studies, demonstrates clear patterns in maintenance-operations relationships and identifies critical factors affecting vessel JUPSIM - VOLUME.
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The Influence of AHTS Vessel Maintenance on Operational Efficiency at Pertamina Marine Solutions Table 1.
Maintenance Performance Indicators and Scoring.
Maintenance Category Preventive Maintenance Scheduling Corrective Maintenance Response Technical Competency Level Maintenance Documentation Equipment Reliability Current Performance Score
Target Performance Score
Efficiency Gap
2/10
0/10
8 points 8/10 5/10 7 points 5/10 5/10 9/10 0/10 0/10 5/10 5 points 5 points 6 points Table 2.
Spare Parts Availability and Supply Chain Performance.
Spare Parts Category Availability Rate Critical Impact Level High Supply Response Time 14-21 days Main Engine Components Dynamic Positioning Critical 10-18 days Systems Deck Machinery Parts Medium 7-14 days Safety Equipment Critical 5-10 days Navigation Electronics High 12-20 days The thematic analysis reveals six primary themes that significantly influence operational efficiency: maintenance planning effectiveness, spare parts procurement challenges, technical competency development, organizational support systems, operational continuity management, and environmental compliance integration.
Interview data consistently demonstrates that proactive maintenance planning correlates strongly with operational reliability, with senior marine engineers reporting 42% fewer unplanned maintenance events when systematic preventive maintenance schedules are maintained, aligning with findings from container seaport efficiency research (Caldas et al.
, 2.
Table 3.
Operational Efficiency Metrics and Performance Analysis.
Operational Metric Current Performance 15 incidents/year Vessel Availability Maintenance Downtime Emergency Repairs Operational Cost Efficiency Crew Satisfaction 1/10 Environmental Compliance 82% Industry Benchmark 8 incidents/year Performance Variance 7 incidents -7% 0/10 9 points -8% JUPSIM - VOLUME.
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Page 183-193 Spare parts availability emerges as a critical determinant of operational continuity, with respondents identifying inadequate inventory management as a primary source of operational Focus group discussions reveal that 68% of unplanned maintenance delays result from spare parts unavailability, while procurement lead times average 14-21 days for critical This finding aligns with research on green port policies and sustainable vessel operations, which emphasize the importance of efficient supply chain management for both operational and environmental performance (Zhou et al.
, 2.
The integration of green technology innovation and digital transformation in maritime operations has demonstrated potential for reducing operational disruptions while supporting environmental objectives (Bilal et al.
, 2.
Demand forecasting methodologies incorporating artificial intelligence and metaanalysis have shown promise for improving spare parts management and operational planning in specialized maritime services (Chae et al.
, 2.
The analysis of human resource factors demonstrates significant correlations between technical competency levels and maintenance effectiveness, consistent with frameworks for measuring port resilience that emphasize human capital development (Kim et al.
, 2.
Interview data indicates that 73% of maintenance-related operational issues can be attributed to insufficient technical skills or inadequate training programs.
Senior maintenance supervisors consistently report challenges in developing technical competencies that match the specialized requirements of AHTS operations, particularly in dynamic positioning systems and advanced machinery maintenance.
Environmental efficiency considerations have become increasingly important in AHTS operations, with maintenance practices directly impacting vessel environmental performance and compliance with international maritime regulations (Liao & Lee, 2.
The research identifies opportunities for integrating environmental assessment methodologies into maintenance protocols, enabling simultaneous optimization of operational efficiency and environmental compliance.
Discussion The research findings provide substantial evidence supporting the hypothesis that maintenance practices and spare parts availability significantly influence operational efficiency in AHTS vessel operations.
The qualitative analysis demonstrates clear relationships between proactive maintenance planning and operational reliability, with interview data consistently indicating that systematic maintenance approaches reduce unplanned downtime and enhance JUPSIM - VOLUME.
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The Influence of AHTS Vessel Maintenance on Operational Efficiency at Pertamina Marine Solutions overall vessel performance, supporting findings from seaport efficiency determinant research (Caldas et al.
, 2.
The significance of spare parts availability extends beyond simple inventory management to encompass strategic supply chain planning and risk management considerations, as demonstrated in shore power deployment studies where systematic planning approaches significantly improved operational outcomes (Qi et al.
, 2.
The research reveals that current spare parts procurement strategies fail to adequately account for the unpredictable nature of component failures in offshore operations, resulting in extended operational disruptions when critical components require replacement.
The integration of environmental considerations into maintenance practices represents a critical evolution in maritime transportation management, with implications for both operational efficiency and regulatory compliance (Liao & Lee, 2.
The research findings suggest that maintenance protocols must evolve to address environmental efficiency alongside traditional operational metrics, requiring enhanced training programs and updated competency frameworks for maritime personnel.
Risk scenario evaluation methodologies, as applied in intelligent ship management systems, provide valuable frameworks for understanding the complex interactions between maintenance practices, operational efficiency, and safety outcomes (Zhang et al.
, 2.
The application of these methodologies to AHTS operations reveals opportunities for enhanced predictive maintenance strategies and improved risk management protocols.
The human resource development implications identified in this research address a significant gap in maritime transportation literature, particularly regarding the specialized competency requirements for AHTS operations (Kim et al.
, 2.
The finding that technical competency limitations contribute to 73% of maintenance-related operational issues underscores the critical importance of targeted training programs and continuous professional development in maintaining operational excellence.
Maritime policy integration frameworks emphasize the importance of coordinated approaches to vessel maintenance, environmental compliance, and operational efficiency optimization (Paridaens & Notteboom, 2.
The research findings support the development of integrated maintenance protocols that address multiple operational objectives while maintaining focus on specialized vessel requirements.
The practical implications of these findings suggest several actionable recommendations for improving AHTS operational efficiency.
First, the implementation of predictive maintenance strategies, supported by enhanced technical training programs and risk assessment JUPSIM - VOLUME.
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Page 183-193 methodologies, can significantly reduce unplanned maintenance events and associated operational disruptions (Zhang et al.
, 2.
Second, the development of adaptive spare parts management systems that incorporate real-time operational data and predictive analytics can improve inventory optimization and reduce procurement lead times.
Future research opportunities emerge from the limitations and scope of this study, particularly regarding the broader applicability of findings to other vessel types and operational Comparative studies examining maintenance practices across different offshore support vessel categories could provide valuable insights into best practices and transferable strategies, building on successful green port policy implementations (Zhou et al.
, 2.
CONCLUSION
This research establishes significant relationships between AHTS vessel maintenance practices, spare parts availability, and operational efficiency within Pertamina Marine Solutions' operations.
The qualitative analysis demonstrates that proactive maintenance planning and adequate spare parts inventory directly contribute to enhanced operational reliability and reduced downtime.
Key findings reveal that current maintenance approaches suffer from inadequate spare parts procurement strategies, insufficient technical competency development, and suboptimal maintenance planning processes.
The research contributes to maritime transportation management by providing evidencebased insights for developing improved maintenance protocols and human resource development strategies.
The integration of environmental efficiency considerations with traditional operational metrics represents a critical advancement in specialized vessel operations, supporting broader maritime sustainability objectives.
Practical implications include the need for predictive maintenance systems based on risk scenario evaluation methodologies, adaptive supply chain management incorporating real-time operational data, and specialized training programs tailored to AHTS operational requirements.
The implementation of integrated maintenance frameworks that address operational efficiency, environmental compliance, and human resource development can significantly enhance vessel performance and competitive positioning.
These findings support the advancement of maritime sustainability through optimized resource utilization and enhanced operational efficiency in offshore support operations.
The research provides a foundation for future investigations into specialized vessel maintenance practices and their broader implications for maritime transportation management and sustainable port operations.
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The Influence of AHTS Vessel Maintenance on Operational Efficiency at Pertamina Marine Solutions REFERENCES