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Zahro et al Asset Liability Management ASSET LIABILTY MANAGEMENT IN SHARIA BANK Umi Indasyah Zahro1a.
Ahmad Musadad2.
Mustaniroh1.
Tri Pujiati1 1aUniversitas Trunojoyo Madura.
Madura, e-mail : umiindasyahzahro23@gmail.
2Universitas Islam Negeri Prof.
Saifudin Zuhri.
Purwokerto (Submitted by Author: 18-01-2.
(Accepted by Editorial Board: 26-05-2.
(Published by Editorial Board: 30-06-2025 ) ABSTRACT Islamic banks are financial institutions that act as intermediaries or liaisons for parties with surplus funds and deficit funds.
Islamic banks need a strategy in managing their assets and liabilities in order to obtain net income for the bank itself.
The tight competition between Islamic banks and conventional banks and the increasing number of banks in Indonesia, so all banks strive to improve their quality and management, so the people trust and use the services of the bank.
System banking which is part from system finance will influence the running of the economic system.
This study aims to explain asset and liability management in Islamic banks both in terms of theory and its application.
This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature study to obtain research data related to asset and liability management in Islamic banks.
The results of this study indicate that Islamic banking has different asset and liability components from conventional banking and the risks it faces.
The application of ALMA ( Asset Liability Management ) in Islamic banks relies more on asset quality and this will determine the bank's ability to increase customer attraction to invest their funds in Islamic banks.
The results of this study can be implemented in Islamic banks to improve the quality of their liability management through good management and the application of ALMA in the management of Islamic banks.
Keywords: Asset Liability Management (ALMA).
Surplus funds.
Deficit funds.
Islamic Bank Umi.
Sadad.
Mustaniroh.
, & Tri Pujiati.
Asset Liabilty Management In Sharia Bank.
Jurnal Syarikah : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 11.
, 36Ae45.
Jurnal Syarikah : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Volume 11 Nomor 1.
Juni 2025
INTRODUCTION
Islamic banks become alternative for people Muslim in use service banking (Azhar & Arim, 2.
Amalia & Nisa .
said that Islamic banking has role important in activity economy in the majority population muslim.
Berlian, et.
found difference between Islamic banks and conventional banks in financing.
Concept financing in Islamic banks, the fees are different (Ilyas, 2.
The choices between sharia and conventional bank financing will depend a lot on preference personal, beliefs, and needs financial customers (Triandaru & Roziq, 2015.
Amalia & Mardiana, 2.
(Amani & Khoirunisa,2024.
Nadratuzzaman ,2.
revealed existence comparison financing between Islamic and conventional banks.
In terms of performance finance, conventional banks and Islamic banks have This are a lot of studied by researchers previously (Silviana, 2016.
Solikah, et.
al, 2017.
Murni, 2017.
Paramitha & Astuti, 2018.
Hardianti & Saifi.
Rachman, 2.
The results of the research that have been done prove that performance at each bank is different in accordance with each bank's finances.
Not only that, research related difference between conventional banks and Islamic banks based on ratio finance conducted by (Sovia, et.
al, 2019.
Suhendro, 2.
The results of the study show that performance finances owned by these two banks different based on ratio finance.
Related with performance finance.
Islamic banks and conventional banks own difference.
This is ever studied by (Noman, et.
al, 2015.
Umardani & Muslich, 2017.
Wahyuni & Efriza, 2017.
Komalasari & Wirman, 2.
In the perspective contribution assets, also conventional banks and Islamic banks (Fitriyah & Yuliana, 2.
One of function from asset liability management is for increase portfolio bank balance sheet and maximize profit.
Islamic banking Asset liability management and things that will determine the bank's ability to increase power pull it for customer for invest the funds through the Liquidity level later will influence level Profi stability for guard level profi stability then the bank must still guard level its liquidity.
A number of study previous related with ALMA analysis ever conducted by researchers previously.
Nurdin & Muslina researched ALMA concept in Islamic (Aisyah, 2.
examined liability in institutions non-bank Islamic finance.
(Rifudin & Dwiyanti, 2.
researched the influence of ALMA on bank performance.
(Nuzula, et.
al, 2.
who studied about ALMA in Islamic banking.
Research This make an effort for looking at asset liability management in Islamic banks in Indonesia as effort determine the ability of Islamic banks to increase the attractiveness of customers to invest their funds in Islamic The results of the study expected capable give benefit for the Islamic bank for increase bank management with running ALMA as best as possible.
MATERIAL AND METODE
This study makes an effort to see asset liability management with use ALMA (Asset Liability Managemen.
approach in Islamic Banks in Indonesia.
The results of study This expected capable providing solutions for Islamic banks in increase management asset liability owned.
For reaching expected goal in activity study this, researcher use descriptive qualitative purposeful for give description or Image of ongoing activities.
This study using data collection techniques in the form of Library study.
Zahro et al .
Researcher collect relevant data with objective study from journals latest and also books that support in this study.
Data on the research This using secondary data from books and journals related with Asset Liability Management (ALMA) at sharia Data that has been collected from journal and also book analyzed and presented in form picture and table as well served in form clear essay so that depicted analysis related with management management asset liability in Islamic banks.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Islamic banking is an institution that collects funds, distributes funds and provides services in payment transactions based on sharia principles.
These activities are carried out in order to optimize the function of Islamic banks as investment managers, investors, social institutions and providers of sharia financial services.
(Nuhayati & Wasilah, 2.
, the function of investment manager is carried out by Islamic banks when they act as the recipient of the trust for funds invested by customers to be distributed to productive Basically, the function of investment manager and investor function is used by Islamic banks to gain profit.
The four management systems in addition have a close relationship with each other, which can be seen from the following figure :
Figure 1.
Relationship of System Management in Islamic Banks Asset Liability Management The figure above show connection between each and every system Islamic (Muhammad, 2.
Bank looking for possible sources of capital can used for develop his business.
To find the capital.
Islamic banks must use marketing strategies for interesting interest customers and investors.
Manage the funds that have been collected with make budget planning includes setting the desired target Investing the funds that have been allocated through the budgeting process When referring to the report Islamic banking finance, then source Islamic bank assets can be categorized to asset smooth, assets not enough smooth and assets For more explanation, as follows table about classification Islamic bank Table1.
Classification of Syariah Bank No.
Asset Type Current Asset Information Can be taken needed and can be used to keep liquidity Less Liquid Asset Asset .
Murabaha benefits .
Istishna.
more than 1 receivables year .
Ijarah receivables disbursement .
Mudharab cannot done in a Financing .
Musyaraka because it has h financing relation with .
Inventory third parties.
Bills and Obligation Jurnal Syarikah : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Volume 11 Nomor 1.
Juni 2025 .
IstishnaAo Assets in .
Deferred tax asset Fixed asset Tangible Asset Asset Liabilty Management Asset and Liability Management (ALMA) is a series designed actions and procedures for arranging position finance.
Issues safety and health is part important from definition The ALMA is intended for banks to obtain optimal net income with proper control on bank assets and liabilities , so that It is hoped that the bank can to obtain income from activities (Muhamad, 2014 ) In managing bank assets and liabilities , there are two approaches that are often used ( .
pool of funds approach and .
asset allocation approach.
For pool of funds approach bank funds obtained from various source required as a single fund so that the funds are not can identified individually.
Therefore, the funds managed by the bank This differentiated types and properties source of funds, term time as well as fees and each Then the funds allocated to in various form financing based on priorities and strategies for using bank funds.
(Muhamad.
Whereas asset allocation approach or also called the conversion of funds approach is correct from previous ALMA approach, the basis from draft.
Therefore, in priority allocation, sources of funds must be treated in a way individual with consider characteristics of each source of funds.
For example, funds that have characteristic its rotation tall prioritized in primary and secondary reserves .
While the funds whose turnover is low its allocation can prioritized in giving credit and assets term long others.
(Muhamad, 2.
Figure 2.
Diagram Pool of Fund Approach Figur 3.
Asset Allocation Approach Implementation Asset and Liability Management in institutions banking , good it is a sharia bank or a conventional bank must through stage evaluation to budget , performance investment in the past, monitoring distribution bank assets and liabilities and implementing asset and liability strategies .
(Arifin, 2.
More specifically following This explained implementation stages mentioned in sharia Rating budget At the this stage.
Islamic banks make planning finance related to funds that can be used for investment as follows : (Wiroso.
Zahro et al .
Figure 4 Sources of Islamic Bank Funds Make Plan Income Stage This mean to create a target income you want obtained by Islamic banks within one period year to front.
This target relate close with sources of funds and capabilities of Islamic banks.
Usually the revenue target will caused by to each account officer as related employees direct with instrument investment.
Achieved or whether or not this target is achieved depends again on performance they are in the field .
Past Investment Performance Assessment Evaluation performance investment in the past demolished for Islamic banks to predict the possibilities will be happen on all policies taken by the bank.
With see past performance, the bank can make a number of programs that will resolve in the future come in accordance with the ability that has been analyzed through report finance as reflection bank success.
In addition, banks can also know possible risks will face in the future come, so it can minimized or anticipated as early as possible.
Monitoring Distribution of Bank Assets and Liabilities Stage fourth, the bank monitors a number of assets that are still remaining and can used for the future come.
The meaning of assets that are still remaining This is a good amount of funds in cash, receivables, financing or form others who have due date or almost due, so that these funds can used For investment next .
While objective from observe bank liabilities are assess and measure amount of loan funds due the tempo still a long time.
This is can Asset Liability Management utilized For manage these funds with channel it to various instrument profitable Implementing Asset and Liability Strategy At this stage, the bank will operate planning above with combine assets and For example.
Islamic banks prepare make planning finance with combining 60% own capital, 30% DPK and loans from other party 10%.
With composition said, then the Islamic bank will evaluate many benefits gained when source of funds invested.
For evaluate costs incurred on every source of funds used.
Because that.
Islamic banks will make various composition of funds for measure level costs and rates probability the benefits that will be obtained.
As well as combination investment, for example Islamic banks make planning For to budget the funds to various instrument investment with composition investment fixed return .
with system sell purchase and ren.
of 50%, investment .
udharabah and musyaraka.
of 20% and purchase letter valuable from the money market by 10%.
Selection This furthermore will rate probability the benefits and risks that must be covered.
After make various combination and assess possibility the best and the worst.
Islamic banks then choosing which asset and liability strategies are capable achieve the income target that has been achieved set.
A series the stages above applied in Asset and Liability Management ( Asset liability management ).
Focus the application of ALMA to sharia banks is coordinate portfolio assets and liabilities use maximize profits for banks and for results For holder share with still notice need liquidity and principles caution.
(Arifin, 2.
in the implementation theory.
Islamic banks must to form a mutually supportive unit work.
That unit consists of from President Director and Manager active key in decisions financing, investment and money Usually activity the implemented Jurnal Syarikah : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Volume 11 Nomor 1.
Juni 2025 by the head part finance and accounting , to Financing Division.
Manager Investment and Head of Deposit Section.
Economist and Policy Supervisor Financing (Arifin, 2.
Parties involved the have the same goal , namely minimize risk and guarantee availability sufficient liquidity (Antonio, 2001 ).
The duties of ALCO in Islamic banks, in general can classified become three category, planning, organizing and supervising Islamic bank investment.
Tasks This related with decision investments that have been planned in plan finance .
(Najmuddin.
, 2.
Whereas the planning in question is the target or targets that have been set For achieved in time 1 year, six month or three month.
(Muhammad, 2.
Compliance Implementation of Asset and Liability Management in Islamic Banking Management Islamic bank assets are not can separated from management liabilities Because both of them each other connected where source Islamic bank assets partly big originate from obligations .
in the form of Party Funds Third (DPK).
This is implications from the system used by Islamic banks, system wadiah and mudharabah absolute.
Savings Wadiah Savings wadiah consists of of two products main, product current accounts and savings.
Current accounts are a bank products in form savings that are withdrawn can done When just Good use check , bill giro , means order payment other or transferor book.
(Kasmir, 2.
another thing with product savings , savings that are withdrawn only can done with use book savings, withdrawal slip, receipt or use means Automated Teller Machine (ATM).
(Kasmir, 2.
although second product, this use principle wadi'ah, but second product the different in aspect flexibility Withdrawal.
Product giro more flexible than the product savings Because the means highly liquid giro compared to means savings.
So that Islamic banks only can using these funds For need liquidity or invested in business at risk low , such as Financing Murabahah .
Salam and Istishna' .
(Ascarya, 2.
excess use system This is a sharia bank not need emit expensive costs due to the bonuses given depends the bank's policy alone and the bonus not must give to Investment Mudharabah Investment mudharabah in Islamic banking is applied to products savings and Both product This usually use draft mudharabah absolute, but both of them different in provision Withdrawal.
Product mudharabah No different with product savings wadiah related means his So that when the bank uses product for investment, then he must have backup sufficient liquidity to meet transaction withdrawal from customers.
Therefore, the bank separates these funds from the Party Fund Third others .
lmudharabah However, banks can also pool these funds , if customer no require .
muqayyadah on balance sheet ).
(Muhammad, 2.
Based on third the above concept, it can be seen that basically source Islamic bank assets are not emit cost still as conventional Thw concept fees at conventional banks in accordance with draft return results from savings provided by Islamic banks because fees at conventional banks nature fixed and has been determined at the beginning, while the bonus is bank appreciation that can given or abolished depends on the bank's policy.
Implications the use of system for the results of this revenue sharing is a sharia bank not consider cost incurred related management of Party Funds Third, so that the bank distributes income results his In other words for the results given in the form of income before reduced cost .
ross profi.
(Rizal Yaya et al.
, 2.
The impact of the bank is only sharing income Zahro et al .
Asset Liability Management before subtraction costs, whereas risk loss covered completely by sharia banks as mudharabah absolute and system revenue Implementation of Asset Liability Management in Islamic Banks As banking conventional.
Islamic banking is also institution intermediation between savers and investors.
Differences main both of them is on dominance for underlying results and risks .
rofit and loss sharin.
system its operations.
This is reflected in several characteristics as follows : (Muhamad, 2.
Islamic banks only ensure payment return nominal value of savings checking and savings .
ith mechanism wadi'a.
but no ensure return mark from Islamic bank deposits .
nvestment deposits/ mudharabah deposit.
are also not ensure profit on deposit.
System Islamic banking operations are based on an equity system where Every capital is subject to risk.
Therefore, relationship work between Islamic banks and their customers is based on principle for results and risks .
In doing activity financing.
Islamic banks use a financing model transactions maaliyah (Islamic modes of financin.
PLS and non-PLS.
In connection with this Islamic bank pools customer funds and is obliged to management professional From the characteristics above The risks faced by Islamic banks are greater focused on risk liquidity as well as risk credit and not will Once experience risk Because fluctuation level.
(Antonio, 2.
Based on the characteristics above, the application of ALMA in Islamic banks with various indicator the measurement can served in table as follows : (Muhamad.
Table 2.
Implementation of ALMA in Islamic Banks Variables Indicator Asset Quality The average ratio productive assets to the amount of Average amount of credit disbursed to the amount of assets Average amount of credit productive assets Average classified asset reserves to total Average classified asset Quality Average Liabilities amount of public funds to the amount of assets The average ratio amount of credit public funds Average capital Banking Average initial Performance balance Sharia The consideration of reflected in cashin and cash-out Average estimated cash Jurnal Syarikah : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Volume 11 Nomor 1.
Juni 2025 position for the next day Average and use of funds As for the components ALMA Islamic banking policy is the same with component conventional, the difference is taking profit from trading foreign exchange for maximize profit banking, as well as observation to fluctuation.
Because both of them considered no in accordance with sharia provisions .
(Muhammad, 2.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Asset and Liability Management (ALMA) is a series of actions and procedures designed to manage financial ALMA is tasked with maximizing profits, minimizing risks, and ensuring the availability of sufficient liquidity.
ALMA in Islamic banks relies more on asset quality and this will determine the bank's ability to increase customer attraction to invest their funds in Islamic banks.
This means improving the quality of its liability Islamic banking has different asset and liability components from conventional banking and the risks it faces.
The application of ALMA in Islamic banks with various indicators such as asset quality, liability quality and performance in banking itself.
The components of the ALMA policy of Islamic banking are the same as the components of the policy carried out by conventional banking, the difference is taking advantage of foreign exchange trading to maximize banking profits, and observing interest rate Because both are considered not in accordance with sharia provisions.
This study is limited to the analysis of ALMA policies in Islamic banks in Indonesia using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study.
Further research can make a comparison between Islamic banks and conventional banks to see the ALMA policies in both banks.
Further research can also make a comparison of ALMA policies by comparing banks in Indonesia and banks REFERENCES