Journal for Quality in Women's Health DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
30994/jqwh.
https://jqwh.
ISSN: 2615-6660 .
2615-6644 .
Vol.
7 No 1.
March 2024.
Page.
Tersedia online di https://jqwh.
org/index.
php/JQWH PERSONAL
HYGIENE
RELATIONSHIP
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANLINESS ON THE INCIDENCE
OF SCABIES AT YAYASAN SUNAN KALIJAGA MALANG
Devy Putri Nursanti 1*.
Eri Puji Kumalasari2.
Anis Supriatin3 1,2 Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery.
Institute of Health Sciences Strada Indonesia.
Kediri.
Indonesia 3Bachelor degree of midwifery.
Institute of Health Sciences Strada Indonesia.
Kediri.
Indonesia *Corresponding author: devyputrinursanti@gmail.
Received: March 5, 2024 .
Accepted: March 15, 2024.
Published: March 25, 2024
ABSTRACT
Background : Scabies is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei which can dig tunnels in the skin and can cause itching.
Scabies transmission can occur through direct contact or indirect contact.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and environmental hygiene behavior towards the incidence of scabies in adolescents at the Yayasan Sunan Kalijaga Malang.
Method : The method used in this research is quantitative analytic observation with a cross sectional approach.
Using the Simple Random Sampling technique, a sample of 70 respondents was obtained, the independent variable personal hygiene behavior and environmental hygiene used a questionnaire and the dependent variable the incidence of scabies used an observation Using the Chi-Square statistical test to determine the relationship between the two variables.
Result : The results of the study showed that most of the 70 respondents had sufficient personal hygiene, 33 respondents .
7%), the majority had sufficient environmental hygiene, 44 respondents .
9%), and the majority of respondents had no symptoms of scabies.
as many as 49 respondents .
%).
Analysis : Statistical test analysis using Chi-Square showed p = 0.
000 <0.
05, so H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, which means that there is a relationship between personal hygiene and environmental hygiene on the incidence of scabies at the Yayasan Sunan Kalijaga.
Malang.
Conclution : Personal hygiene and environmental cleanliness must be implemented properly to reduce the risk of contracting a disease, if hygiene and environmental cleanliness are good, the level of health in the environment will also increase.
Keywords : Environmental Cleanliness.
Personal Hygien.
Scabies Disease Incidence Journal for Quality in Women's Health | 37 Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) INTRODUCTION Scabies is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei which can dig tunnels in the skin and can cause itching.
Scabies transmission can occur through direct contact or indirect contact.
Scabies can also be called scabies, the itch, sky-bees, gudik.
Scabies is often considered a common disease that is not lifethreatening so treatment is low.
Based on its pathology, scabies is a chronic, serious disease and can cause dangerous complications if not treated immediately, namely secondary bacterial Streptococcus Staphylococcusaureus species.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010, scabies is a skin disease that is often found and often occurs, especially in developing countries.
In the world, scabies can attack 130 million people at any time with incidence rates varying from 0.
3% to 46%.
Scabies often occurs in countries with tropical climates, high population density and low socioeconomic conditions.
Environmental health or environmental sanitation is an optimal environmental condition or condition, so that it has a positive influence on the realization of optimal health status.
The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the incidence of scabies in 2014 was 130 million people worldwide.
According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health .
, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of scabies in Indonesia, namely by 3.
9-6%.
This can be seen from the 2008 prevalence data of 5.
96% and the 2009 prevalence of 4.
9- 12, 95 %.
Based on 2013 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of skin disease (Scabie.
The prevalence rate of scabies disease in Islamic boarding schools in the Greater Malang area of East Java Province is 61%, the highest rate occurs in Malang Regency, namely 48.
6%, while the lowest rate is in Batu City at 12.
According to (Sutejo et al.
, 2.
the incidence of scabies in Islamic boarding schools in Malang is 89.
The incidence of scabies in Islamic boarding schools in Malang Raya is still quite high.
Based on results from the Office of the Ministry of Religion for Malang City.
Batu City and Malang Regency as well as monitoring in January-March 2014, it was found that 9 Islamic boarding schools had scabies incidence rates still above 50%.
The fairly high prevalence of scabies is a condition that must be addressed immediately because educational goals .
n Islamic boarding school.
will not be achieved properly if the students as students are in an unhealthy condition .
ick with Predisposing factors for scabies include environmental sanitation, socio-economics, culture, residential density, use of shared personal equipment (Sungkar, 2.
Personal hygiene is one of the factors that greatly influences the development and transmission of scabies, because poor personal hygiene can increase a person's risk of experiencing scabies compared to someone who maintains personal There are several factors that influence the transmission of scabies, one of which is that living together, such as in Islamic boarding schools, carries the risk of being easily infected by sharing diseases, especially skin diseases.
Transmission environmental hygiene is not maintained In fact, some Islamic boarding schools grow up in slum environments, dirty showers and toilets, lack of clean water, damp environments and poor sanitation.
(Darmopoli.
Management of scabies is to improve personal and environmental hygiene, by not sharing personal equipment and changing bedding if it turns out to have been used by a scabies sufferer, avoiding direct contact with scabies sufferers, therapy cannot be carried out individually but must be carried out simultaneously and comprehensively.
all groups of people around scabies sufferers, therapy is given with one of the topical drugs .
, counseling and education requires a common understanding so that scabies eradication efforts can involve all parties.
If the infection spreads among students in an Islamic boarding school, openness and cooperation from the Islamic boarding school management is needed.
Based on the description above, researchers are interested in examining the relationship between personal hygiene behavior and environmental cleanliness on the incidence of scabies in adolescents at the Sunan Kalijaga Foundation.
Malang.
Journal for Quality in Women's Health | 38 Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) METHODS The method used in this research is quantitative with Observational Analytics, namely a design used to find out how and why a .
esting relationship/influenc.
between cause and effect This research uses a cross sectional approach, namely research carried out using a relatively short period of time and a certain The independent variables in this research environmental cleanliness, while the dependent variable was the incidence of scabies.
determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables using Chi-Square and Regression analysis.
RESULTS
Table Distribution Characteristics and Variables Respondent Research result
Age
11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years History of Scabies There's a No history Personal Hygiene Healthy Enough Not Environmental Hygiene Good
Frequency Percentage 28,6 % 11,4 % 15,7 % 14,3 % 58,6 % 41,4 % 45,7 % 24,3 % 37,1 % Enough Not Scabies Occurrence There are Amount
62,9 %
Table 2 Cross tabulation based on disease history and personal hygiene of teenagers at the Sunan Kalijaga Foundation.
Malang History*personal hygiene Personal Hygiene Criteria Histo Healthy Enough There's a off total % Total Not Based on table 2 above, it is known that respondents have a history of illness scabies was found to have insufficient personal hygiene criteria, namely 15 respondents .
5%), while respondents who had no history of scabies were found to have healthy personal hygiene criteria as many as 14 respondents .
%).
Table 3 Correlation coefficient (R) and coefficient of determination (R.
of personal hygiene on the incidence of scabies.
Model Summaryb Model R Square The R value or correlation coefficient is used to explain the close relationship between personal hygiene variables (X.
and the incidence of scabies (Y).
In the output above, the R value is positive at 0.
475, meaning that the correlation between the personal hygiene variables and the incidence of scabies is in the same direction as the correlation is strong.
Next, the R square (R.
value or coefficient of Journal for Quality in Women's Health | 39 Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) determination is used to predict how much history* environmental cleanliness influence the independent variable (X) has on the dependent variable (Y).
The spss results above environmental cleanliness Total show an R Square of 0.
226, meaning that the Not personal hygiene variable influences the incidence of scabies by 22.
6% and the other 77.
4%histo There's a is influenced by other variables that are not inry this study.
According to Nikmah, et al .
Personal hygiene behavior is an action to maintain a person's cleanliness and health for physical and psychological well-being.
Many health problems off total a person suffers from not maintaining good personal hygiene, because personal hygiene is one of the factors for preventing skin diseases.
Based on table 5 above, it is known that Ways to maintain healthy skin include respondents who had a history of scabies maintaining skin cleanliness, the habit of received adequate environmental cleanliness washing hands and nails, frequency of changing criteria, namely 29 respondents .
4%), while clothes, using towels at the same time and respondents who had no history of scabies frequency of changing bed sheets (Prayogi, 2.
received healthy environmental cleanliness Personal hygiene in the adequate category means criteria as many as 14 respondents .
%).
personal hygiene using bath soap .
ar soa.
alternately with friends, changing bed sheets Table 6 Correlation coefficient (R) and (R.
pillows/mattresses once a week and using bed environmental cleanliness on the incidence of sheets together.
According to researchers, scabies.
maintaining personal hygiene is very important Model Summary as an effort to prevent disease.
Poor personal Model R Square hygiene can make it easier for the body to get skin diseases.
Bad habits such as using items simultaneously or alternately should be The R value or correlation coefficient is used minimized or reduced to prevent the spread of to explain the closeness of the relationship skin diseases.
between the environmental cleanliness variable (X.
and the incidence of scabies (Y).
In the Table 4 Variable Characteristics Based on output above, the R value is positive at 0.
Environmental Cleanliness at the Sunan meaning that the correlation between the Kalijaga Malang Foundation environmental cleanliness variables and the incidence of scabies is in the same direction as the Category Frequency Percentage correlation is strong.
Next, the R square (R.
Good
37,1 %
value or coefficient of determination is used to Enough 62,9 % predict how much influence the independent Not enough variable (X) has on the dependent variable (Y).
The spss output above shows an R Square of Amount Based on table 4 above, it is known that the 0.
155, meaning that the environmental environmental cleanliness of teenagers at the cleanliness variable influences the incidence of Sunan Kalijaga Foundation mostly has adequate scabies by 15.
5% and the other 84.
5% is personal hygiene, namely 44 respondents influenced by other variables that are not in this .
9%).
Factors that contribute to the high prevalence of scabies in developing countries are related to Table 5 Cross tabulation based on disease poverty which is associated with low levels of history and environmental cleanliness of hygiene, difficult access to water, and residential adolescents at the Sunan Kalijaga Foundation, density.
High residential density and interaction or physical contact between individuals facilitate Malang Journal for Quality in Women's Health | 40 Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) the movement of scabies mites.
Therefore, a high prevalence of scabies is generally found in environments with high population density and high interpersonal contact such as prisons, orphanages and Islamic boarding schools (Ratnasari, 2.
Sufficient environmental cleanliness from the results of the research in question is implementation is still considered inappropriate or insufficiently improved, such as drying mattresses and sleeping equipment with frequency, sometimes even rarely, and often using mattresses or sleeping equipment In maintaining a clean environment, this could be an example of the transmission of skin diseases.
If we live in a clean environment, we will feel more comfortable living and avoid disease due to dirt and dust.
Keeping the environment clean is very important.
Keeping the environment clean is actually very easy, but sometimes the implementation is very lazy to do.
If we do positive activities frequently, we will get used to always keeping the environment clean.
If our parents teach us from an early age about the meaning of a healthy life, it will make us accustomed to keeping the environment clean.
The smallest thing that can be done is to throw away the trash in its place.
A clean and comfortable environment will make our hearts feel peaceful.
By keeping the environment clean it will keep us away from various diseases.
This is a good thing for respondents to do because environments clean to prevent symptoms of Table 7 Cross tabulation based on disease history and the incidence of juvenile scabies at the Sunan Kalijaga Foundation.
Malang history* incidence of juvenile scabies There's a incidence of juvenile Total off total % Based on table 7 above, it is known that respondents who had a history of scabies received the criterion of having symptoms of scabies, namely 15 respondents .
4%), while respondents who had no history of scabies received the criterion of having symptoms of scabies, namely 6 respondents .
6%).
This research is also in line with the results of research by Khotimah .
which found that the prevalence of scabies was 52% at the ABahroniyyah Ngemplak Demak Islamic boarding school.
These results show that scabies incidents still often occur in Islamic boarding school environments, so that scabies disease is identical to the disease of boarding school The reason is because Islamic boarding schools are educational facilities with high residential densities, poor environmental hygiene conditions, poor personal hygiene, and room sizes that are not suitable for the number of Table 8 Results of analysis using Chi-Square Relationship between Personal Hygiene and Environmental Cleanliness on the Incidence of Scabies at the Sunan Kalijaga Foundation.
Malang Chi-Square Tests Value df Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear Association N of Valid ACases 29,869a 29,314 15,589 Asymp.
Sig.
,000 ,000 ,000 The results of research analysis on the relationship between personal hygiene and environmental cleanliness on the incidence of scabies at the Sunan Kalijaga Malang Foundation based on statistical tests using Chi-Square showed that p = 0.
000 < 0.
05, so H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, which means there is a relationship between personal hygiene and environmental cleanliness on scabies incident at the Sunan Kalijaga Foundation in Malang.
Journal for Quality in Women's Health | 41 Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) DISCUSSION Scabies is a skin disease caused by infestation and sensitization to Sarcoptes scabiei var Many factors support the development of this disease, including low socioeconomic status, poor hygiene, promiscuous sexual relations, misdiagnosis and dermographic and ecological developments.
This disease is characterized by itching at night and can be transmitted to other people directly or through skin-to-skin contact or indirectly or through objects (Linuwih, 2.
The typical clinical symptom of scabies is intense itching, especially at night when the skin temperature is warmer.
Places that are usually targeted are between the fingers, wrist flexors, front and back armpit creases, around the breasts, center .
and waist, lower abdomen, genitalia and pubis area, lower buttocks and buttock creases (Irianto, 2.
The success of sufferers in preventing the transmission of scabies to other people is largely determined by compliance and regularity in maintaining personal hygiene.
Therefore, during treatment and care, a good level of behavior is required from the sufferer.
Prevention of scabies in humans can be done by avoiding direct contact with sufferers and preventing the use of the sufferer's belongings together.
Clothes, towels and other items that the sufferer has used must be isolated and washed in hot water.
Clothes and cloth items are recommended to be ironed before use, and the sufferer's bed sheets must be frequently replaced with new ones, a maximum of once every three days.
Objects that cannot be washed with water .
illows, pillows, blanket.
are recommended to be put in a plastic bag for seven days, then washed dry or dried in the sun while turning them over at least every twenty Maintaining personal hygiene such as clean hair, clean nails and hands, clean skin, clean clothes, clean towels, clean beds, clean bathrooms and toilets and cleanliness of the environment around where you live can help improve health and avoid skin disease CONCLUSION Based on the results of research conducted at the Sunan Kalijaga Malang Foundation on 70 respondents regarding the relationship between personal hygiene and environmental cleanliness on the incidence of scabies, it can be concluded as follows: The personal hygiene habits of teenagers at the Sunan Kalijaga Foundation mostly have adequate personal hygiene, namely 33 respondents .
7%).
Environmental cleanliness for teenagers at the Sunan Kalijaga Foundation mostly has sufficient environmental cleanliness, namely 44 respondents .
9%), and It is known that of the 70 respondents, the majority of respondents had no symptoms of scabies, namely 49 respondents .
%).
Based on statistical tests using Chi-Square, the result was p = 0.
000 < 0.
05, so H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, which means there is a relationship between personal hygiene behavior and environmental cleanliness on the incidence of scabies at the Sunan Kalijaga Foundation.
Malang.
Based on the results of statistical regression tests for the two independent variables .
ersonal hygiene behavior and environmental cleanlines.
, the variable that dominates the influence on the dependent variable .
he incidence of scabie.
, namely personal hygiene behavior, is 22.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture and the Institute for Research and Yayasan Sunan Kalijaga Malang.
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