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JURNAL ARBITRER
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| Article Verb-Verb Construction in Bugis Language: A Linguistic Typology Approach Alien Kurnia Warya Selia1.
Achmad Dicky Romadhan Faculty of Teacher Training and Education.
Universitas Borneo Tarakan.
Tarakan.
Indonesia
Submission Track
A B S T R A C T
Received: August 6, 2024 Final Revision: December 7, 2024 Accepted: December 10, 2024 Available Online: December 25, 2024 This study examines the formation of serial verbs in the Bugis Bone language utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach and typological Data were collected by observation, including audio recordings of Bugis speakersAo direct talk, and supplemented by interviews for contextual The assessment focused on language structures, and identifying patterns and distributions of lexemes and phrases.
The results demonstrate that Bugis serial verbs align with the worldwide typology of serial verbs, consisting of four syntactic categories and six semantic categories: movement, directional, manner, cause-effect, comitative, modality, and aspect.
This work is significant for its contribution to linguistic typology, providing insights into the universal elements of serial verb formations and the distinct qualities of the Bugis Bone language.
The results have ramifications for the comprehensive understanding of Austronesian languages, establishing a basis for comparative analyses and contributing to the preservation of linguistic variety.
Moreover, the study enhances understanding of the functioning of serial verb formulations within a particular linguistic and cultural framework, hence advancing theoretical knowledge in syntax and semantics.
Future research may explore Bugis sentence forms through other theoretical frameworks to enhance the understanding of Bugis language typology.
Keywords serial verb, bugis, typology, semantic categories Correspondence E-mail: alinkurnia15@borneo.
INTRODUCTION
expressions (Kusuma, 2.
The Bugis language serves as the regional means of communication for the inhabitants of Bone (Sua et al.
, 2.
The Bugis language serves as a cohesive inter-technical language, proficiently utilized by all community members for cultural The Bugis Bone language is a source of pride for its ethnic community, reflecting their cultural heritage.
The Bugis language, originating from the inhabitants of Bone, embodies the indigenous culture of Bone.
The Bugis Bone language possesses distinct characteristics, akin to other languages (Makkawaru & Hendrokumoro, 2022.
Rizqi et al.
The distinctiveness lies not only in accent but also in word structure.
Numerous aspects of Bugis Bone are distinctive in comparison to other Indonesian languages (Rahmawati et al.
, 2.
The distinctiveness of the Bugis Bone language has mostly been overlooked by linguistic experts.
The topic of serial verbs has received limited discussion in the Bugis Bone language (Tahir et al.
Serial verbs can be understood as two verbs that function in tandem inside a clause or sentence The inhabitants of Bone consistently engage with their surroundings through a customary system that operates continually and is anchored in a collective identity within their social group.
The Bone peopleAos unique characteristic in their Aikhenvald .
demonstrated that verb interpersonal relations is their consistent humility, serialization constitutes the formation of several gentleness, and politeness, as evidenced by their verbs.
All verbs constituting verb serialization DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
25077/ar.
Under License of Creative Commons Attributioni-Non Commercial 4.
0 International.
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a cohesive semantic unit.
SVCs are distinct from other constructions through syntactic, semantic, and phonological features (Indrawati et al.
, 2.
Syntactically.
SVCs involve a single clause, a unified subject, and obligatory non-coreference, with no coordination or subordination markers (Oktaviana & Mukhlish.
Romadhan, 2.
Semantically, they are conceptualized as representing a single event.
Phonologically, they exhibit a single intonation These features distinguish SVCs from argument-adjunct configurations seen in nonserializing languages, such as the use of prepositions in English for instrumental meanings .
AuShe scraped the pawpaw with a knifeA.
(Baker, 1.
Fig.
The Bugis People of South Sulawesi are singular predicates that do not permit any grammatical dependency indicators among their Clauses including serialized verbs possess intonational richness akin to those with singular verbs, thus obviating the necessity for intonational distinctions among their elements (Haspelmath, 2016.
Maghfiroh & Subiyanto.
Putri & Subiyanto, 2.
Verb serialization structures possess a singular tense, aspect, mood, modality, and voice that convey a unified event.
Crowley .
indicated that verb serialization is a composition including multiple verbs that collectively convey a singular occurrence, articulated sequentially by the constituent verbs.
Serial verb constructions (SVC.
involve two or more verbs in a sequence that function as a single predicate within a clause (Hutami, 2021.
Maulidan, 2020.
Sari & Subiyanto, 2023.
Siallagan et al.
, 2.
These constructions, where all verbs are core elements, behave as a unified predicate without auxiliary roles.
SVCs can integrate with grammatical elements like tense, aspect, and mood, and share characteristics such as a single subject and the absence of conjunctions or subordination As demonstrated by Kroeger .
Indrawati .
and Durie .
, examples like AuKofi hit Amba to deathAy in Sranan or AuThe American troops shot down the Iraqi fighterAy in Indonesian illustrate SVCs where verbs like AuhitAy and AukillAy or AushotAy and AudownAy operate independently yet form The primary defining trait of SVCs is their syntactic unification, with no grammatical or intonational separation between verbs.
Unlike other multi-verb constructions.
SVCs lack markers indicating coordination or subordination and feature a singular subject, ensuring coherence as a unified predicative structure (Romadhan et al.
Sembiring & Mulyadi, 2.
These criteria position SVCs as a unique phenomenon in linguistic typology, highlighting their syntactic and semantic integration (Herliana, 2018.
Siallagan et al.
, 2.
The issue of serial verbs presents a compelling subject in the Bugis Bone language.
Serial verbs are among the most extensively examined subjects in linguistics.
The issue of serial verbs in Bugis Bone has not been examined regarding their formation characteristics or the classifications of serial verbs within the Bugis Bone language.
This study selected the issue of serial verbs in the Bugis Bone language as its focus of investigation.
Linguistic typology is a theoretical framework in linguistics that focuses on the classification of languages based on structural and grammatical systems, using natural language data (Artawa & Jufrizal, 2018.
Muflikhatin, 2.
This field emphasizes descriptive studies and cross-language comparisons to identify patterns and typologies.
Early studies, such as GreenbergAos work in 1963, explored word order typology, grouping languages based on subject, object, and verb arrangements .
SVO.
VOS) (Artawa & Purnawati, 2020.
Comrie, 2.
These findings encouraged further research into other grammatical features, highlighting the similarities and differences among the worldAos Alien Kurnia Warya Selia / Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol.
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Linguistic typology aims to classify languages while addressing universal structural traits and variations.
The terms linguistic typology and language typology are related but distinct (Putra et al.
, 2022.
Saragih & Mulyadi, 2.
Linguistic typology refers to the theoretical approach and methods used to study language structures, while language typology refers to the groupings of languages sharing similar grammatical characteristics (Artawa & Purnawati, 2.
Linguistic typology seeks to uncover universal properties and variations across languages by analyzing structural features (Artawa & Purnawati.
This study assumes that all languages are comparable based on their structures and that shared fundamental traits unify them as human languages.
Ultimately, linguistic typology seeks to answer the question: AuWhat is language X like?Ay while exploring both the diversity and commonalities of human language (Harahap, 2019.
Selia & Romadhan, 2.
Several studies in the Bugis language have been carried out.
One of the studies in the Bugis language was conducted by Laskowske .
The research discusses voice in the Bugis language.
This is a research gap in this research.
LaskowskeAos .
research only discusses voice forms inthe Bugis language, while this research focuses on serial verb forms in the Bugis language.
This research also provides a new perspective regarding linguistic phenomena in the Bugis language, especially from a linguistic typology perspective.
LaskowskeAos .
research does not address verb-verb formation but rather analyzes the structure of Bugis voice.
This research aims to elucidate the formation of verb-verb constructions and their semantic categories through a linguistic typology framework.
The objective is anticipated to be achieved by modifying the Bugis verb-verb construction in accordance with the verb-verb construction forms of other languages based on linguistic typology.
Investigations into verb-verb constructions are associated with typological linguistics.
This is due to the fact that verb-verb constructions exhibit many forms and differ between languages.
Typological linguistics can detect Bugis verb-verb constructions, allowing for their categorization based on parallels with universal verb-verb construction characteristics.
The findings are anticipated to enhance the understanding of the Bugis language, particularly with verb-verb constructions, a topic that has not been explored by linguists.
The findings of this study are anticipated to serve as a foundation for research on the Bugis language across several This work is also pertinent to several prior investigations.
Previous relevance studies extensively examined the phenomenon of serial This is substantiated by numerous prior investigations about the topic and grammatical One study pertinent to this topic is MaulidanAos .
investigation titled AuSerial Verb Construction in Bima Language: A Typological Study.
Ay This study differs from MaulidanAos research .
in that it exclusively examines syntactic aspects and semantic types of serial verb constructions, whereas MaulidanAos research .
addresses the grammatical patterns associated with serial verb constructions.
Research Design MuflikhatinAos research .
is titled AuConstruction of Movement Type Serial Verbs in Sundanese: Typological Studies and X-Bar Theory.
Ay This study differs from MuflikhatinAos .
research in that Muflikhatin .
exclusively examines serial verbs of movement through typological and X-Bar analyses.
II.
METHODS
This research uses a qualitative approach.
This design aims to explore and understand the meanings that arise from social problems or human behavior in a particular situation.
This approach produces narrative reports and focuses on data collection through observation and interviews to analyze serial verb construction in Bugis Bone This study included native bugis speakers.
This study had five informants.
Three speakers served as informants, and two others as validators.
They were chosen based on many criteria, including being at least 18 years old, and having a good articulation tool.
The Bugis native speakers serving as informants possess diverse educational backgrounds, spanning from high school diplomas to university degrees.
Their professions include farmers, fisherman, and These criteria ensured that the data obtained reflected the natural use of Bugis.
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Most of the participants involved in the study were between 24 and 35 years old.
They came from diverse occupational backgrounds, with the majority working as fishermen.
Bugis being the first language (L.
they speak on a daily basis, they were considered representative to reveal linguistic phenomena related to serial verb constructions in the language.
and types of serial verbs in Bone Bugis.
This explanation provides a comprehensive picture of the linguistic phenomenon in the context of Bugis language and culture.
RESULT
This presents the discussion of the results gathered.
Using the distributional analysis technique, the recorded utterances of the Instruments representatives of serial verbs in Bugis Language This study used 50 utterances as the main were analysed.
material, which were taken directly from the research participants.
Each selected utterance Characteristics of Serial Verbs in the Bugis meets certain criteria, namely having complete Language elements such as subject, object, and predicate in Serial verb construction possesses multiple the form of verbs.
This data became the basis for features, as delineated by Aikhenvald .
analyzing linguistic phenomena related to serial and Durie .
Characteristics of serial verbs verb construction in Bugis.
applicable to serial verb forms in the Bone For data collection, two main instruments language include .
serial verbs unimpeded by were used.
The recording technique was used to a conjunction, .
Serial verbs consist of two or record the participantsAo pronunciation based on more primary verbs.
Serial verbs share a common the prepared word list.
In addition, unstructured argument, .
Serial verbs share identical aspect interviews were also conducted to obtain additional indicators, modality, and negation within their information related to participantsAo opinions, forms.
A comprehensive elucidation of the features beliefs and feelings.
This method aims to enrich the of serial verbs in the Bone language is as follows.
research data with relevant subjective views from Serial verb without interrupted by connector the participants.
The primary property of serial verbs is that Data analysis they are constructed from verbs without the use of Data collection in this study was conducted conjunctions.
In the creation of serial verbs in the through two main methods, namely observation Bone language, verbs serial verb forms appear side and unstructured interviews.
Observation was by side without being interrupted by connectors or used to directly observe and record participantsAo conjunctions.
utterances containing serial verb constructions.
Meanwhile, unstructured interviews were used as a supporting method to explore additional information that could not be obtained through observation and also served to verify the observed The collected data were then analyzed based on serial verb constructions in Bugis language by using linguistic typology approach.
The data analysis process is carried out using the distributional method(Sudaryanto.
This analysis starts with the basic direct element technique, which is then continued with the permutation technique.
The linguistic typology approach became the main foundation in this research, by comparing the characteristics of serial verbs universally with serial verbs found in Bugis language.
The results of the analysis are then explained in detail to identify the characteristics The examples above demonstrate that the verb construction in the Bone languageAos deep series lacks any connection or conjunction between the two forming verbs.
Sentence 1 contains multiple grammatical components.
The topic element is represented by the amure component.
In the noun category, the predicate element consists of two Alien Kurnia Warya Selia / Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol.
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unique constituents: the lokka component, which is classified as a verb and serves as predicate 1, and the mammeng component, which is likewise a verb and serves as predicate 2.
Sentence 2 contains a variety of grammatical The kaka constituent is the subject of the noun category, whereas the predicate element is made up of two separate elements.
The maAoguru element, which is classified as a verb, serves as predicate 1, whereas the mannasu constituent, which is likewise classified as a verb, fills predicate The terrung constituent, which is classified as a noun, represents the object element, and the ko kitengAoe constituent serves as an adverbial In sentence 3, the structure includes multiple grammatical components.
The indo constituent serves as the subject element in the noun category, whereas the predicate element is made up of two independent constituents: the jokka constituent, which is categorized as a verb and serves as predicate 1, and the lalo constituent, which is likewise classified as a verb and functions as predicate 2.
galungAoe, an adverb, represents the complimentary The ko galungAoe element is classified as an adverb because the two predicates that make up the serial verb construction in sentence 3 are intransitive verbs that do not require an object.
The preceding examples show that serial verb formulations in the Bone language do not include conjunctions between two verbs.
Sentence 4 has multiple grammatical components.
The subject element is represented by the noun amboAo, while the predicate element is made up of two unique constituents: maccue, a verb that serves as predicate 1, and lokka, which serves as predicate Both predicates are accompanied by an adverb and the constituent ko dareAoe, which serve as a prepositional phrase.
Sentence 5 also contains several grammatical components.
The subject element is filled by Anri, a noun.
The predicate element is made up of two separate constituents:
lokka, a verb that serves as predicate 1, and maccule, another word that acts as predicate 2.
Both predicates are followed by an adverbial element, the constituent ko saloAoe, which is categorized as an adverb.
The Bone languageAos serial verb formation consists of two or more core verbs, as demonstrated According to the three example sentences in the two sentences above.
In sentence 4, the verbs above, serial verb formulations in the Bone serving as predicate 1 .
and predicate 2 language do not contain any linking words or .
exhibit this structure by including two or conjunctions between the two forming verbs.
more verbs.
Similarly, sentence 5 has the verbs sentence 1 the verbs acting as predicate 1 .
that operate as predicate 1 .
and predicate and predicate 2 .
appear sequentially 2 .
, which are formed from two or more without being connected by a conjunction.
core verbs.
, the verbs that serve as predicate 1 .
aAogur.
and predicate 2 .
come side Serial verbs share the same arguments by side with no connecting element or conjunction.
Serial verb construction is characterized by Similarly, sentence .
has two parallel verbs, the sharing of the same argument among the verbs .
, followed by an adverb.
These involved.
This adheres to Aikhenvald .
This three examples show that serial verbs in the Bugis third feature is present in the Bone language as Bone language are formed using parallel verbs well.
In Bone language, serial verb constructions separated by conjunctions.
consist of verbs that share the same argument.
The Serial Verbs are Built from Two or More Core same argument is typically examined.
Verbs The second aspect Aikhenvald .
postulated is that serial verb formations are created from two or more core verbs.
In Bone language serial verb construction, the forming verb comprises of two or more parts.
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Serial verb forms in the Bone language indicate shared arguments.
Sentence 6 has numerous grammatical components.
The subject element is represented by the indo ingredient, which is a noun.
The predicate element is made up of two separate constituents: maccaik .
and mangkelingai .
, both of which are Following the predicates comes the object element, which is represented by the noun caritana Sentence 7 also contains several grammatical AnanaAoe, a noun, represents the subject element.
The predicate element consists of two separate constituents: maAoguru, a verb that serves as predicate 1, and maAogambara, another word that functions as predicate 2.
The form is also reinforced by the adverbial element ko bokAoe.
The examples supplied show that serial verb formulations in the Bone language consistently use the same markers for aspect, modality, and negation.
Sentence 8 contains numerous grammatical The subject element is represented by Baco, a noun.
The predicate element consists of two separate constituents: maAoguru, a verb that serves as predicate 1, and mebbu, another verb that functions as predicate 2.
These predicates are accompanied by the object element, which is represented by the constituent pasajang, a noun.
Sentence 8 depicts how the perfective aspect impacts the syntax of serial verb construction, as indicated by the element purai, which comes before the subject.
Sentence 9 also contains multiple grammatical The subject element is provided by Alena, a noun.
The predicate consists of two separate constituents: maccue, which serves as predicate 1 and is classed as a verb, and lokka, which serves as predicate 2, likewise classified as a verb.
Sentence 9 demonstrates how a negation Serial verb forms in Bone demonstrate shared marker, deAona, is positioned before the subject to arguments, as shown in these two sentences.
specify the syntax of the serial verb form.
In sentence 6, the verbs maccai .
Sentence 10 contains numerous grammatical and mangkelingai .
have the same The subject element consists of the This shared argument occurrence is also visible in sentence 7, where the verbs maAoguru constituent indo, which is a noun.
The predicate .
and maAogambara .
have consists of two different constituents: maccue .
and mannasu .
These the same argument.
predicates are associated with an object element Serial verbs have the same aspect, modality and represented by the constituent bale, which is negation markers categorized as a noun.
Sentence 10 demonstrates The final characteristic of Bone language how a modality marker effects the syntax of a serial serial verbs is their uniformity in aspect, modality, verb construction, as evidenced by the element loi, and negation markers.
This resembles the which comes before the subject.
characteristics of serial verbs as outlined by Durie Finally, the three examples show that serial .
In Bone language, serial verb construction, verb formulations in the Bone language use aspect, modality, and negation precede the verb uniform markers for aspect, modality, and negation.
that constitutes the serial verb construction.
In sentence 8, the verbs maAoguru .
and mebbu .
appear together, as indicated by the perfective aspect purai.
The negation sign deAona is used with the verbs maccue .
and lokka .
in sentence 9.
Similarly, in sentence 10, the verbs maccue .
and mannasu .
use the modality marker loi.
Semantic Type of Serial Verb in the Bugis Language This study examines six categories of serial verb constructions in Bone language, as outlined by Klamer .
, who classified serial verbs into distinct components.
The categories include Alien Kurnia Warya Selia / Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol.
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movement, directional, manner, commitative, modality, and aspect.
cause-effect.
Movement type The construction of serial verbs of motion is comprised of an initial verb indicating movement and a subsequent verb denoting action or movement.
The data on the Bone Bugis language illustrates multiple instances of movement-type serial verbs, as demonstrated in the following examples.
The example sentences demonstrate that serial verb constructions in Bone Bugis include movement-type serial verbs.
In this structure, the first verb is a movement verb serving as predicate 1, while the second verb is either an action or movement-type verb functioning as predicate 2.
This aligns with the semantic categories described by Klamer .
In sentence 11, predicate 1 is represented by the verb lokka, while predicate 2 is filled by the verb mellau.
The subject position is occupied by the constituent Alena, and the object position by the constituent nanre.
In sentence 12, predicate 1 is filled by the verb lokka, and predicate 2 by the verb melli.
Both verbs share the same subject and object, with indo functioning as the subject and bale serving as the object.
These two example sentences illustrate the concept of movement in serial verb constructions, where the second verb is semantically related to the first.
Sentence 11 exemplifies this with engkai as the movement verb, while sentence 12 uses lokka in the same role.
Both sentences highlight the use of movement-type verbs in their serial verb The example sentences illustrate that serial verb constructions in Bone Bugis encompass directional-type serial verbs.
This structure involves the combination of a directional verb with an action or movement verb, in accordance with the semantic categories outlined by Klamer .
In sentence 13, predicate 1 includes the constituent jokka, whereas predicate 2 is occupied by the constituent messu pole.
AmureAo fulfills the subject role, while the complementary element is represented by kamaraAoe.
In sentence 14, the verb mattama represents predicate 1, while predicate 2 is filled by the verb lalo.
The two verbs have a common subject and object, with amboAo acting as the subject and bolana bali bolae as the object.
These two examples demonstrate the application of directional meanings in serial verb constructions, in which the second verb is semantically connected to the first.
In sentence .
, messu serves as the directional verb, whereas sentence .
employs mattama.
Both sentences illustrate the directional-type verbs that define this kind of serial verb construction in Bone Bugis.
Manner type The manner-type serial verb composition is created by combining verbs that describe a manner and verbs that imply movement.
The Bugis Bone language contains multiple examples of mannertype serial verbs, as shown in the examples below.
Directional type The directional-type serial verb construction consists of directional-type verbs combined with movement-type verbs.
In the Bone Bugis language data, several instances of directional-type serial The preceding sentences show that Bone verbs are observed, as illustrated in the following Bugis serial verb formations contain manner-type serial verbs.
These constructs have two verbs: a manner verb and an action or movement verb.
This Alien Kurnia Warya Selia / Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol.
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is consistent with the semantic categories suggested These two instances demonstrate a causeby Klamer .
and-effect link in serial verb formulations, with The ingredient matinro represents predicate the second verb semantically related to the first.
1, while the constituent titti fills predicate 2.
The matterri is the cause-and-effect verb in sentence element indoAo serves as the subject, whereas ko 17, while macawai is the same in sentence 18.
Both kamaraAoe serves as the adverb.
The ingredient sentences demonstrate the usage of cause-effect tudang occupies predicate 1, whereas the constituent verbs in Bone Bugis serial verb formations.
sulekka represents predicate 2.
Both verbs use Modality and aspect type the same subject and adverbial complement, with Serial verb constructions involving modality amboAo as the subject and ko watampolae as the and aspect types consist of modality verbs, aspect types, and movement types.
In the Bone Bugis These examples demonstrate the notion of language data, numerous instances of serial verbs method in serial verb formations, in which the demonstrating modality and aspect types are second verb semantically complements the first.
present, as illustrated in the following examples.
The way verb in sentence .
is titti, but in sentence .
it is sulekka.
Both examples emphasize the usage of manner verbs in Bone Bugis serial verb formations.
Cause and effect type The cause-effect serial verb construction consists of cause-effect verbs combined with movement verbs.
In the data of the Bugis Bone The example sentences show that serial verb language, numerous instances of cause-effect formations in the Bugis Bone language include type serial verbs are present, as illustrated in the both modality and aspect-type serial verbs.
These following examples.
constructions use two verbs: modality or aspect verbs serve as predicate 1, while action or movement verbs serve as predicate 2.
This is consistent with the semantic kinds identified by Klamer .
The example sentences show how serial verb formations in Bone Bugis incorporate cause-andeffect serial verbs.
In this construction, predicate 1 describes a cause-and-effect relationship, while predicate 2 indicates an activity or movement.
This is consistent with the semantic categories given by Klamer .
In sentence 19, predicate 1 includes the constituent purani as an aspect marker, while predicate 1 includes the ingredient tudang and predicate 2 include the inggredient nabaca.
The constituent latoAo serves as the subject, while the constituent yaro sureAoe symbolizes the object.
sentence 20, the modality marker loi, predicate 1 contains lokka, and predicate 2 contains melli.
both verbs, indo represents the subject while tello denotes the object.
These examples demonstrate the relationship of modality and aspect, with secondary verbs semantically related to the primary verb.
Each sentenceAos constituent pieces indicate modality and aspect-type verbs, with purani .
and loi .
functioning as modality and aspect markers.
In sentence 17, the constituent matterri represents predicate 1, whereas the constituent iccalai fills predicate 2.
The element indoAona fulfills the oblique function, while ananaAoe plays the subject role.
In sentence 18, the constituent macawai occupies predicate 1, and the constituent mitai represents predicate 2.
Both verbs use the Commitative type Commutative serial verbs consist of a identical subject and object: amboAo as the subject, combination of commutative-type verbs alongside kakaku as the object.
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movement-type verbs.
The data on the Bone Bugis serial verb construction features Bugis language features several instances of include the absence of conjunctions between serial commutative-type serial verbs, as demonstrated in verbs, the use of two or more core verbs, shared the following examples.
arguments, and consistent aspect, modality, and negation markers, which are also shared by Durie .
and Aikhenvald .
These four types are the key characteristics that determine whether a sentence structure is a continuous verb or not.
That is because if any of the four kinds is not met, a construction cannot be classified as a continuous verb construction.
The preceding sentences show that the Bone Bugis language uses commutative serial verb These constructs have two components:
a commutative verb .
and an action or movement verb .
This structure is consistent with the semantic kinds identified by Klamer .
This study corroborates and extends earlier research on serial verbs in other languages.
For instance.
Klamer .
identified nine universal semantic types of serial verbs, many of which are present in Bugis Bone.
Unlike MaulidanAos .
study on Bima, which focused on grammatical patterns, this research emphasizes syntactic and semantic features, offering a more typological Additionally, while Muflikhatin .
concentrated on movement types in Sundanese, the Bugis Bone study explores a broader range of semantic categories, enriching the understanding of Austronesian serial verbs.
In sentence 21, predicate 1 contains the constituent maccue, and predicate 2 is represented by the constituent maccule.
Ambo fills the subject role, while golo represents the complimentary In sentence 22, predicate 1 includes maccue, while lokka serves as predicate 2.
Both predicates According to the findings of the study, the have the same subject, neneAo, and the constituent formation of serial verbs in Bugis language has ko pasaAoe is an adverb in the adverbial word class.
a strong correlation with other Austronesian These sentences express a commutative languages, such as the construction of serial verbs meaning based on the link between the first and in Dayak Kenya lepo tau language by Romadhan second verbs.
They are examples of commutative- .
and the construction of serial verbs in Bima type serial verb formations, with maccue indicating language by Maulidan .
This study differs commutative verbs in both cases.
from previous studies on serial verbs by Romadhan .
and Maulidan .
in that it examines the IV.
DISCUSSION
semantic type of serial verbs.
The research findings reveal that the serial The study contributes significantly to verb construction in the Bugis Bone language linguistic typology by positioning Bugis Bone aligns with linguistic typology in both syntactic language within the global framework of serial and semantic dimensions.
Of the six universal verb constructions.
It highlights the universality syntactic features of serial verb constructions, the and variation of syntactic and semantic features Bugis Bone language exhibits four: the absence in serial verb constructions, demonstrating how of conjunctions between serial verbs, the use of lesser-studied languages like Bugis Bone enrich two or more core verbs, shared arguments, and typological theory.
Furthermore, this research consistent aspect, modality, and negation markers.
enhances the documentation of Bugis Bone, an Semantically.
Bugis Bone serial verbs encompass Austronesian language, supporting linguistic seven types: motion, manner, direction, comitative, preservation and providing a resource for aspect, mood, and cause-effect.
These findings comparative studies within the family.
underscore the typological conformity of Bugis Despite its contributions, the study has Bone serial verb constructions and provide a robust The analysis focuses solely on syntactic understanding of their structural and functional and semantic features, leaving phonological and pragmatic aspects unexplored.
The data set is Alien Kurnia Warya Selia / Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol.
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restricted to 50 utterances, which may not fully represent the diversity of serial verb usage in natural contexts.
Moreover, the study examines a single dialect, potentially overlooking regional variations within the Bugis language.
Future research should expand the dataset to include a larger corpus and investigate other dialects of Bugis to capture linguistic diversity.
Exploring phonological and pragmatic dimensions could provide a more comprehensive understanding of serial verb constructions.
Cross-linguistic comparisons, particularly with other Austronesian languages, may uncover shared features and unique characteristics, deepening insights into verb serialization across languages.
This study advances the understanding of serial verb constructions in Bugis Bone language, aligning them with universal typological principles.
By documenting and analyzing these constructions, the research not only contributes to linguistic theory but also underscores the cultural and linguistic richness of the Bugis community.
Future exploration of this topic promises to reveal further complexities and enrich the field of linguistic in Bugis Bone language adheres to typological frameworks of serial verbs.
This research broadens the understanding of linguistic typology by demonstrating how the Bugis Bone language fits into the universal framework of serial verb construction.
It contributes to the documentation and analysis of lesser-studied languages, highlighting their alignment with broader linguistic patterns.
Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of considering both syntactic and semantic dimensions when analyzing language structures, offering a comprehensive perspective on verb serialization.
ETHICS STATEMENT
The authors have read and followed the ethical requirements for publication in Jurnal Arbitrer and that the current work does not involve human subjects, animal experiments, or any data collected from social media platforms.
CREDIT AUTHOR STATEMENT
Alien Kurnia Warya Selia: Conceptualization, collecting information, formal evaluation, funding procurement, inquiry, methodology, original draft production, and reviewing and This research is anticipated to serve as editing.
Achmad Dicky Romadhan: The process foundational inquiry into consecutive verbs, of conceptualization, gathering data, formal particularly within the Bugis language, which evaluation, funding procurement, investigation, can be further explored across many research methodology, project administration, initial draft Investigating consecutive verbs production, and reviewing and editing.
applicable to future contexts can be conducted using diverse syntactic frameworks, including ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LFG.
RRG, and other theories that elucidate the This study did not obtain any specific funding features of consecutive verbs in the Bugis language from public, commercial, or non-profit agencies.
more comprehensively.
We would like to thank the University of Borneo Tarakan for providing the authors with the chance CONCLUSION to finish this research.
Thank you to everyone who The study identified two critical aspects helped with the completion of this research.
Thank of serial verb constructions in the Bugis Bone you to all of the informants who volunteered and language: syntactic characteristics and semantic truly contributed data on the verb-verb formation Four syntactic features align with the in the Bugis language: A Linguistic Typology typological criteria for serial verb constructions: .
Approach.
the absence of conjunctions between verbs, .
the use of two or more core verbs, .
shared arguments DECLARATION OF COMPETING across the verbs, and .
consistent markers for INTERESTS aspect, modality, and negation.
Additionally, seven The authors state that they possess no semantic types were identified in Bugis Bone known competing financial interests or personal serial verbs, including motion, manner, direction, relationships that may have influenced the work comitative, aspect, mood, and cause-effect.
These presented in this paper.
findings confirm that the serial verb construction Alien Kurnia Warya Selia / Jurnal Arbitrer - Vol.
11 No.
REFERENCES