BioLink : Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan.
Industri dan Kesehatan.
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August .
ISSN: 2356- 458X .
ISSN: 2550-1305 .
DOI: 10.
31289/biolink.
BioLink Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan.
Industri.
Kesehatan Available online http://ojs.
id/index.
php/biolink FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL TEST OF STAR ANISE EXTRACT (ILLICIUM VERUM HOOK.
F) AS A HAND SANITIZER
Dhanang Puspita1*.
Eli Ardhiawati2, & Desi2 1Program Study Food Technology.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
Salatiga.
Indonesia 2Program Study Nursing Science.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
Salatiga.
Indonesia Submited : 24-01-2020.
Accepted : 30-03-2020: Published : 10-08-2020 *Corresponding author: E-mail: dhanang.
puspita@uksw.
Abstract The hand becomes one of the body parts that are easily exposed to microorganisms because of their high Hand sanitizer is a liquid that can be used to kill microbes.
Hands become one of the body parts that are easily exposed to microorganisms because of their high mobility.
Hand sanitizer is a liquid that can be used to kill microorganisms.
Most hand sanitizers contain alcohol and triclosan, which can be bad for the skin if used in excessive amounts.
It is necessary to substitute alcohol and triclosan as an antibacterial, one of which is star anise (Illicium verum Hook.
Star anise contains flavonoids and tannins, which can function as antibacterial and safe for health.
The objective of this study was to make a hand sanitizer formulation from star anise and test its antibacterial strength.
The method used was a laboratory experiment with stages.
Star anise extraction and antibacterial test.
The results of the hand sanitizer formulation of the biggest star anise extract in inhibiting are 10% star anise extract.
Inhibitory zone of 10% star anise extract at 6.
2 A 0.
76 mm and included in the medium category.
Keywords: Antibacterial hand sanitizer, star anise How to Cite: Puspita.
Ardhiawati.
E & Desi .
Formulations and Antibacterial Test of Star Anise Extract (Illicium verum Hook.
As a Hand sanitizer.
BioLink: Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan.
Industri dan Kesehatan.
Vol.
: Hal.
Puspita.
Ardhiawati.
E & Desi.
Formulations and Antibacterial Test of Star Anise Extract (Illicium verum Hook.
As a Hand sanitizer INTRODUCTION Grace et al.
hand sanitizer with The hand is one of the organs that 99% alcohol (Grace et al.
, 2.
can kill have high mobility.
Hand has a high bacteria within seconds after usage.
content of microbes, where per cm2 The chemical compound in hand contains 1000 CFU microbes (Harsa et al.
sanitizer can denature and agglutinate the High mobility or movement causes proteins in microbes.
Alcohol as a main hands to have exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, which potentially hands Triclosan has inhibitory trait become vectors of diseases and infections.
on bacterial growth, as well as antifungal In addition to keeping sanitation, hand and antiviral trait, and it is not corrosive washing is the most practical way to (Aminah et al.
, 2.
The problem in the utilization of hand sanitizer is excessive pathogenic microbes.
Demands of the consumption can cause irritation and a burning sensation on the skin.
Also, the strong alcohol scent is less preferred.
It is contamination, disease, and spread of necessary a solution to substitute alcohol microbial pathogens by using a liquid with a compound that has an antibacterial antiseptics (Wijaya, 2.
trait that has a pleasant aroma and does or the The utilization of antiseptics in the not cause irritation.
form of gel or spray has become a lifestyle.
Anise (Illicium verum Hook.
is a The use of antiseptic hand gel use in the spice used as seasoning and herbs.
Anise dosage form is to be dropped into the has a distinctive taste and intense aroma.
palm, then spread all the surface of the In Indonesia, known as anise, fennel hand (Sari & Isadiartuti, 2.
The China, is used as a spice that has a very antiseptic known as hand sanitizer was similar flavor to fennel, obtained from the chosen because it is more effective, star-shaped pericarp (Hilmarni, 2.
efficient, and practical than using soap.
Chemical contents of anise are saponins.
Hand sanitizer can kill germs or pathogens because it contains alcohol .
Adriadysiolide, propanol, isopropano.
at a concentration 1,2,10-triol, hrysogedone A.
Egomaketone, of A 60-80% and phenols .
hlorhexidine, and Lepalone (Winarsih et al.
, 2.
and triclosa.
(Aminah et al.
, 2.
and can essential oils (Nurmalasari & Sofian, eliminate germs in less than 30 seconds.
Alcohol (Rini & Nugraheni, 2.
and Orthidine 8-Decene-4,6-diyne- The chemical compound can BioLink : Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan.
Industri dan Kesehatan.
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: hal.
inhibit the growth of bacteria (Ave et al.
Sawdust mace then dissolved in alcohol in the ratio 1:5 in the Erlenmeyer, then With macerated using a magnetic stirrer and compounds, apart from being seasoning, stirred for 24 hours at room temperature.
anise also can be used as a mosquito Once repellent (Eva et al.
, 2.
Also, it is the centrifuged at a speed of 40,000 rpm for potential to be used as a hand sanitizer.
10 minutes.
The supernatant results of The objectives of this study are to centrifugation then evaporated with a formulate and antibacterial test of anise extract used as a hand sanitizer.
temperature of 50AC to stay 1/4 volume.
Anise extract was then concentrated with MATERIALS AND METHODS This nitrogen gas.
laboratory research conducted at the Formulations Hand Sanitizer Laboratory of Microbiology FKIK UKSW.
Anise extract was mixed with witch Materials used were anise extract, witch hazel with a concentration of 1, 2.
5, 5, 7.
hazel-original (Thayer.
, alcohol (Merc.
, and 10% in the test tube.
Homogenization nutrient agar (Merc.
, nitrogen gas, and was done by vortex for 1 minute.
The distilled water.
Tools used include.
formulation was then prepared for the (Memmer.
, antibacterial test.
, autoclave .
ll America.
, rotary vacuum (Dlab.
, (IKA).
Anti-Bacterial Test - Well micropipette (Eppendor.
and centrifuged The media of the antibacterial test (Hettic.
The stages of research were star used was Nutrient Agar .
and was dissolved in 300 ml of distilled water in formulations, and anti-microbial test.
the Erlenmeyer.
The solvent is then Star Anise Extraction temperature of 121AC for 15 minutes at a A total of 20 grams of anise washed pressure of 2 atm.
After that, the Agar and dried for 6 hours in an oven.
They solvent was then poured into a sterile were once dried then crushed using a petri dish and allowed to harden.
After mortar and filtered using 60 mesh sieves.
hardening, the surface was perforated by Puspita.
Ardhiawati.
E & Desi.
Formulations and Antibacterial Test of Star Anise Extract (Illicium verum Hook.
As a Hand sanitizer sanitary glass pipes, and the surface was smeared with a suspension of bacteria.
One of the indicators of The formula of hand sanitizer was hand sanitizer can inhibit the growth of inserted into the wellbore as much as 100 bacteria based on antibacterial tests.
The AAl using a micropipette.
Incubation was bacterial sensitivity test is a way to find performed for 48 hours in an incubator at and get a natural product that has a temperature of 31AC.
The bacterial potential as an antibacterial ingredient inhibition zone was calculated based on and can inhibit the growth of or kill the width of the diameter.
It was used the bacteria (Haryati et al.
, 2.
The research results can be seen in sanitizer as a control.
Table 1.
The table indicates that the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION treatment .
Ae 10%).
There is a significant Anise has bioactive compounds that difference in each treatment, where the can be dissolved by using alcohol.
The higher the concentration, the more wide solvent will be got and used as a mixture the inhibitory zone.
Table 1.
The measurement results inhibition zone .
of various formulations of hand Treatment The mean inhibitory zone .
Category Davis and Stout Witch Hazel Control 2 A 0.
1 A 0.
9 A 0.
4 A 0.
2 A 0.
6 A 1.
2 A 0.
Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Weak Note 10 Ae 20 mm .
5 Ae 10 mm .
and a diameter of <5 mm .
Davis and Stout .
in (Rahmawati & Sudjarwo, 2.
Zone of Hand Sanitizer Inhibition concentration of anise that has inhibitory Witch hazel is one of the cosmetic effects in the medium category, which is ingredients derived from extracts of 2 A 0.
76 mm, while concentrations flowers Hamamelis Virginiana from family under 10% are categorized as weak Hamadelidaceae.
Hamamelis virginiana flower extract contains several bioactive and volatile compounds.
Distinctive aroma and character that does not cause toxicity BioLink : Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan.
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and irritation of the skin make this Witch hazel can be used as an flower used as cosmetic ingredients.
alternative to alcohol and triclosan hand Hamamelis Alcohol and triclosan have the potential to cause skin irritation at the use concentration of 10000 Ae 70000 ppm of excessive and aroma are less preferred.
(Engel et al.
, 1.
Therefore, the flower Therefore, witch hazel can be combined with star anise extract.
The combination materials as hand sanitizer, and the of witch hazel and anise extract is results of this study have inhibitory zone expected to provide benefits as an 6 A 1.
34 mm and included in the low antibacterial as well as giving a good Image 1.
Chart comparison of inhibition zone.
Figure 1 is an inhibitory zone m.
and 100% .
36 A 1.
58 m.
comparison of anise extract mixed with However, witch hazel for hand sanitizer.
The higher addition of anise extract, has a smaller concentration of star anise extract mixed inhibitory zone than witch hazel, which was added.
The only possibility is tannins inhibitory zone.
This is supported by Ave that work as an antibacterial compound.
et al .
that used anise extract with a Mixing witch hazel with star anise concentration of 20% has inhibitory zone extract provides additional inhibition zone 76 A 0.
23 mm, 40% .
03 A 0.
05 m.
, becomes wider and aroma produced is 60% .
13 A 0.
55 m.
, 80% ( 8.
36 A 0.
typical anise.
Hand sanitizer in the market Puspita.
Ardhiawati.
E & Desi.
Formulations and Antibacterial Test of Star Anise Extract (Illicium verum Hook.
As a Hand sanitizer alcohol-70% Anise ingredient gives an inhibition zone of 4.
45 mm does not vary much with the Flavonoids have traits as a inhibition zone of witch hazel.
From these results, it can be said anise extract is denaturing the proteins in microbes, by added to the witch hazel have a higher area of inhibition than with commercial hand sanitizer.
Therefore, the star anise complexes disturb the integrity of the extract has potential as an essential bacterial cell membrane by denaturalizing ingredient of hand sanitizer.
bacterial cell protein and damaging cell Flavonoids The membrane irreparably (Rizkita, 2.
Anise Antibacterial Tannins also have antibacterial power.
Star anise is widely used in some Tannins will react with the microbial cell areas in Indonesia as a condiment for Tannins will damage the spicy cuisine, for instance.
Aceh curry, polypeptides in microbial cell walls so that Rendang Minang.
Javanese cuisines, and forming cell walls become less perfect.
Bali cuisines.
Fruits of anise contain The broken cell wall can cause bacteria to essential oils .
nethole 85-90%), resins, be lysed, for their osmotic pressure and fats, tannins, pectin, terpenes, limonene, can cause death.
estradiol, safrole, timokuinon, flavonoids.
Flavonoid
CONCLUSION
compounds are kind of flavones, flavonols.
From this study, it can be concluded flavononol, tannins, saponins, alkaloid are potential as an antibacterial.
Thus, the formulation of anise extract in inhibiting bioactive compounds that exist in anise microorganisms is at a concentration of can be used as an antibacterial.
Rosary & 10% of anise extract with the addition of Duniaji, .
tested the antibacterial witch hazel.
Inhibition zone of 10% star anise extract activity with a concentration anise extract is at 6.
2 A 0.
76 mm and falls of 20% to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria into the medium category.
has an inhibition zone of 5.
76 A 0.
23 mm and is in the medium category.
In this REFERENCES