Ekuitas: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Akreditasi No.
158/E/KPT/2021
DOI: 10.
24034/j25485024.
p-ISSN 2548 Ae 298X
e-ISSN 2548 Ae 5024
DETERMINANTS OF AUDIT QUALITY: THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP
STRUCTURE AND AUDIT COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES
Agnes Silvia Ananda agnesilvia@student.
Nurmadi Harsa Sumarta
Kingkin Kurnia Trio Satriya
Prihatnolo Gandhi Amidjaya
Universitas Sebelas Maret
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh struktur kepemilikan dan aktivitas komite audit terhadap kualitas audit pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Indonesia.
Struktur kepemilikan yang diuji, yaitu kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan pemerintah, kepemilikan asing, dan kepemilikan keluarga.
Populasi penelitian kami adalah 506 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia antara tahun 2015 dan 2020 dengan jumlah sampel 317.
Kualitas audit diproksikan dengan earnings surprise benchmark.
Struktur kepemilikan diukur dengan menggunakan persentase kepemilikan.
Aktivitas komite audit diukur dengan menggunakan jumlah rapat yang diadakan.
Data penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis regresi logistik menggunakan program statistik SPSS.
Temuan kami menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial, institusional, asing, dan keluarga serta aktivitas komite audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit sedangkan kepemilikan pemerintah tidak berpengaruh signifikan.
Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi dan masukan mengenai pengaruh pemegang saham dalam perusahaan dan informasi bagi perusahaan dalam memberikan tugasnya kepada komite audit, serta memberikan tambahan pengetahuan bagi para pembaca dan dapat menjadi bahan referensi untuk penelitian selanjutnya.
Key words: komite audit, kualitas audit.
Indonesia, struktur kepemilikan ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of ownership structure and audit committee activities on audit quality in Indonesian listed companies.
The ownership structures studied consisted of managerial, institutional, government, foreign, and family ownership.
The population of our study consists of 506 listed companies in Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2020 with 317 total samples.
Audit quality is proxied by the earnings surprise benchmark.
Ownership structure is measured using the percentage of ownership.
Audit committee activity is measured using the number of meetings held.
Research data is analyzed with logistic regression analysis using SPSS statistic program.
Our findings suggest that managerial, institutional, foreign, and family ownership as well as audit committee activities significantly affect audit quality while government ownership does not have significant effect.
The findings of this research are designed to give information and feedback on the company's shareholders, assist the organization in delegating audit committee responsibilities, and provide readers with extra Kata kunci: audit committee, audit quality.
Indonesia, ownership structure INTRODUCTION Audits and financial statements have a very close relationship because the auditor has a function to generate an opinion on the financial statements.
Financial statements should reflect the financial position of the Ekuitas: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Ae Volume 6.
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September 2022 : 333 Ae 350 company without biased information that can make users of the report wrong in making economic judgments (Hapsoro and Handayani, 2.
A high-quality audit is needed to avoid material misstatement of financial information in the financial report.
The quality and reliability of financial reports will improve with audit activity on a company (Alzeaideen and Al, 2.
Indonesia, audit quality is highly questionable after many companies have been involved in scandals.
The scandal prompted the Indonesian Ministry of Finance to revoke several public accountants and public accounting firms.
Sandria .
reported finding the 2018 GIAA financial report error, which resulted in Garuda being ordered to adjust and recalculate its 2018 financial statements and issue a public statement.
Sandria .
also reports that there are also cases in the financial statements of PT.
Hanson during 2016 has been proven to have violated capital market law by first recognizing revenue and not presenting a sale and purchase contract in the financial statements.
It results in overstated revenue of Rp 613 billion of in the 2016 financial statements in which the Indonesia Financial Service Authority (OJK) gives serious administrative sanction (OJK Announcement Number PENG-3/PM.
2019 concerning Administrative Sanction on PT.
Hanson International.
Tb.
Based on the past cases, audit quality becomes a priority to be considered and needs to be improved in Indonesia and becomes an interesting topic to study.
There are external and internal factors that can affect audit quality.
According to Pratama and Syafruddin .
, internal factors are the composition of company ownership.
Septianawati and Wening .
argues that one of the company's internal factors is corporate governance.
The source of the problems that are occurring continuously in companies is caused by the lack of corporate governance practices (Jodjana et al.
, 2.
The implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) requires a vital function namely the supervision (Aspan, 2.
and a governance organ is required to carry out the supervision to achieve the company's goals (Sudarmanto et al.
, 2.
In practice, the audit committee plays this role as an auxiliary organ of the board of commissioners.
In addition, the audit committee is seen as a strong tool in supporting effective corporate governance (Al-Musali et al.
, 2.
Tai et al.
mention that the main tasks of the audit committee is to monitor financial performance and ensuring the reliability of the company's financial statements.
Activities that the audit committee can carry out are recommending management to select a reliable auditor, reviewing the recommended audit scope for the current fiscal year, the audit methodology to be used, and, at the end of the audit, examining the audit findings, including evaluation and feedback from the independent auditor team leader (Wedari, 2.
The role of the audit committee encourages impetus for company management to run as GCG, namely accountability, independence, independence, fairness, and responsibility.
Soliman and Abd Elsalam .
believe that reasonable corporate business entity management procedures will increase the quality of the financial reporting process and determine the reliability of a financial report based on auditing quality.
Further, the audit committee is regarded as one of the factors responsible for overseeing the interests of shareholders and plays a role in monitoring the company's financial statements (AgyeiMensah, 2.
The audit committee has a role in providing correspondence between the board, internal auditors, external auditors, and executive officers (Suryanto et al.
To support the role of the audit committee, it is necessary to have activities in the form of meetings between committee members.
According to Wedari .
, the audit committee that often holds meetings will have more information about the latest audit issues and are considered more diligent in carrying out their responsibilities.
The audit Determinants of Audit Quality: The Effect of .
Ae Ananda.
Sumarta.
Satriya.
Amidjaya committee is considered capable of overcoming agency problems and reducing information gaps at the internal and external levels, including the company's shareholders.
The audit committee will monitor financial reporting procedures to improve the quality of financial reports and financial reports (Gautama et al.
, 2.
Audit quality is an interesting topic that has been studied by several people.
On the other hand, ownership aspect is part of the company's corporate governance and is an important part of the company's internal Talking about audit quality there is a level of GCG where the ownership structure and audit committee are important aspects in determining the integrity of business accounting.
Based on previous studies, the ownership structure is an important governance tool that has made significant progress recently (Al-Matari and Al-Hebry.
The ownership structure being part of the GCG system can minimize disputes between investors and management (Fadillah.
In addition, the structure of equity ownership is the foundation of corporate governance because the ownership structure helps in making corporate decisions, which will affect the company's behavior and business performance (Irawati et al.
, 2.
In creating good quality audit, it is necessary to have a shareholder role that company management tries to implement effective corporate governance (Widani and Bernawati, 2.
The existence of different owners or shareholders in the company allows for differences in behavior and references to certain board structures, which are likely to affect the quality of external auditors (Guizani and Abdalkrim, 2.
Research from Alhababsah .
states an essential relationship between family ownership, non-financial institutional ownership, and government ownership on audit quality.
No significant relationship was found between institutional financial ownership and foreign ownership on audit quality.
This research provides contribution to the literature that fills the gap of previous This research examines all kinds of ownership structure, namely institutional, family, foreign, government, and managerial This research also uses a better assessment of audit quality by using earnings surprise benchmark in Indonesia in which previous research using an earnings surprise benchmarks proxy is still limited.
The earnings surprise benchmark proxy has previously been used in research Carey and Simnett .
modified and adapted to the conditions in Indonesia, like Wibowo and Rossieta .
and also used in research Aqmarina and Yendrawati .
This research also covers more observation scope by using all sectors in IDX for the 2015-2020 This study is expected to provide a clearer picture of the impact of the ownership structure and activities of the audit committee on audit quality to provide recommendations regarding the influence of shareholders in the company in assigning their duties to the audit committee.
The remainder of the paper is arranged as follows: literature review, hypothesis development, research method, results and discussion, and LITERATURE REVIEW Agency Theory An agency relationship is formed when a party .
hires another party .
in charge of providing services and giving the agent the authority to make decisions (Govindarajan and Anthony, 2.
There are those who have the right to make decisions, namely, the agent and the one in charge of evaluating, namely, principles.
Some parties have the right to decide, namely the agent and the party in charge of evaluating, namely the principal.
The agency model forms a system that constructs both parties (Kartika, 2.
The corporate theory assumes that agents and principles do things in their interest.
Stocks that apply as expected will only increase their financial results, while agents as parties who have control in managing the company tend to optimize their desires and sideline shareholders to Ekuitas: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Ae Volume 6.
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Agency problems between the agent and the principal can affect the quality of the information reported (Pham et al.
, 2.
According to Mustafa and Che-Ahmad .
, agency problems occur because managers are not under the control of shareholders, so managers have the opportunity to pursue their own goals.
In addition, this study examines audit quality because audit quality is an important requirement for resolving agency problems.
agency theory can directly audit quality and dimensions of corporate governance (Alawaqleh et al.
, 2.
The audit committee and auditors have a role as parties who can mediate between agents and principals who have conflicting interests in managing the company's finances.
Recommendations from the audit committee will affect the auditorsAo appointment to create transparency and accountability in the financial statements presentation in a company (Utami and Diyanty, 2.
Agency theory explains that a critical function of the board and audit committee is needed to convince agents to make the best decisions for the needs of shareholders (Mustapha et al.
Cooperating with external auditors as part of the supervisory task of the financial reporting process, including taking part in the scope of the audit, is the obligation of the audit committee (Sultana et al.
, 2.
Information and additional data, such as accounting systems within the company, transactions, internal control environment, and good communication owned by the audit committee will help the auditor's performance (He et al.
, 2.
The supervision and checking results of financial statements which is carried out by the audit committee and auditors can assist shareholders or the investors in making decisions.
Audit Quality Audit quality is whether or not the audit has been done well by the public accountant (Fahdi, 2.
According to DeAngelo .
, understanding audit quality is an opportunity that may occur when the auditor gets a deviation from the client's accounting system and then submits it in the audited financial Audit quality is a reliable guarantee for users of financial statements, including investors, to use the financial statements produced by the company (Hutapea, 2.
Enhancement the quality and reliability of financial reports can be realized with the role of audit (Alzeaideen and Al, 2.
Audit quality can also be seen from the perspective of audit failure.
According to Francis .
in Anafiah et al.
, audit failure can be measured through a lawsuit against the auditor, business failure, and an investigation by the capital market authority.
If audit quality increases, the audit failure will be reduced.
The role of the audit is to minimize information discrepancies in accounting numbers and minimize losses due to manager opportunism in financial reporting (Soliman and Abd Elsalam, 2.
There are two sides to reviewing audit quality: demand and supply (Alhababsah and Yekini.
This study focuses more on the demand side of audit quality, namely regarding the possibility that managerial, government, institutional, foreign owners, and family owners demand high quality on Ownership Structure The shareholder is a party who owns shares in the company or its shareholders.
The ownership structure is the ratio or comparison of capital ownership in a company.
Abdullah and Ani .
argues that one of the essential things in accounting, auditing, and finance is the ownership structure and changes in owner behavior in certain circumstances.
The ownership structure to be investigated consists of:
Managerial Ownership Managerial ownership is the ownership of shares by the company's management.
managerial investors are getting bigger, management will maximize their level of Determinants of Audit Quality: The Effect of .
Ae Ananda.
Sumarta.
Satriya.
Amidjaya performance because management will have an obligation to realize their interests and the wishes of their management (Ati et al.
, 2.
Management decision-making and carry out tasks well for management purposes because they act as the company's owner and have a role in managing the company (Ayunitha et al.
Prominent managerial ownership can participate in decision-making activities, then the existence of a position in a senior managerial position can reduce the manager's opportunity to mislead investors (AlQadasi and Abidin, 2.
Institutional Ownership Institutional ownership is company shares owned by an institution.
According to Guizani and Abdalkrim .
, the voting power of institutional ownership to be an active monitor makes it easier for them to exercise control in managers.
Institutional shareholders can use their voting rights to change the composition of the board of directors so that the supervisory role of outside directors becomes more effective.
The high level of institutional share ownership will affect investors' control activities over company practices, including financial reporting mechanisms (Wedari, 2.
Institutional shareholders will improve corporate governance practices in entities by utilizing their mechanisms to defend the interests of shareholders, including in companies that have poor performance (Al-Sartawi and Sanad, 2.
Government Ownership Government ownership shares that belong to the government.
According to Guizani and Abdalkrim .
, the difference between the board role for state-owned and privately-owned companies is that government shareholders can have goals other than stock returns, namely the pursuit of political support and public support.
The motivation of state ownership to maintain the company's viability is prone to disruption due to the vast network of government connections and various political goals (Borisova et al.
, 2.
Alshammari .
in Guizani and Abdalkrim .
declare that companies whose ownership rights are dominated by the government have an incentive to protect their political interests.
they may prefer low-quality auditors so that they will produce less informative financial reports.
Foreign Ownership Foreign ownership, as referred to in Article 1 point 6 of Law Number 25 of 2007, is the ownership of capital in Indonesia by foreign investors, either fully or jointly with domestic investors (Indonesia UU No 25.
Foreign ownership is ownership of shares by foreign people, and organizations reign ownership as principal to request good quality audit quality from management.
Managers will be motivated to demand high audit quality and positive company integrity to attract more foreign capital (Alhababsah.
The Indonesian government has also given guarantees to foreign investors so that they do not hesitate to invest through Presidential Decree No.
39 the Year 2014 (Gautama et al.
, 2.
Family Ownership Family ownership is the shares owned by the family or the involvement of family members in the company.
Large family ownership provides a large role for the family in overseeing management performance so that it is possible to improve audit quality (Diyanty et al.
, 2.
Characteristics of family firms, such as high-quality financial reporting, less vulnerability to financial manipulation, a tendency not to hide bad news, and increased disclosure requirements suggest a lower audit effort in family firms (Shiri et al.
, 2.
With family ownership, it is also feared that management acts for the controlling family and ignores other shareholders (Alhababsah, 2.
Audit Committee Activities Based on Peraturan Menteri .
dated 1 Agustus 2011, good corporate governance Ekuitas: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Ae Volume 6.
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Effective corporate governance will provide encouragement and guidance for management in implementing the principles of good governance.
in addition, effective governance will increase corporate control, which will prevent management from making mistakes in financial statements (Widani and Bernawati, 2.
The audit committee is a body created by the board of commissioners to mitigate its role when conducting inspections and supervision of the company.
The audit committee focuses on financial reporting risks, identifying accounting policies and assessing those accounting policies, and focusing on auditors dealing with existing problems (Martin, 2.
The activities of the audit committee also assess legal issues and government policies that can affect the company's risk and financial statements (Wedari, 2.
According to Boshnak .
, agency theory in the audit committee implies that the audit committee is an essential element of the corporate governance system, and the audit committee has an important control task to ensure that the financial statements produced are of good quality and can reflect the actual financial condition of the company.
OJK Regulation Number 55/POJK.
2015 contains the obligation for issuers to have an audit committee (Indonesia, 2.
OJK regulations have regulated the company's audit committee.
Explained that the board of commissioners appoints and dismisses members of the audit committee.
The audit committee consists of at least 3 members consisting of an independent commissioner and one non-issuer party, as well as an audit committee led by an independent One of the audit committee's activities is holding meetings between committee An audit committee that is active in conducting meetings is considered active and has a broad reach in carrying out its role to improve the quality of internal control (AlHajaya, 2.
In OJK regulations, it is stated that at least once for three months, the audit committee must hold a meeting or meetings.
The decision of the audit committee meeting will be taken based on deliberation for Hypotheses Development Effect of Managerial Ownership on Audit Quality According to Jiraporn and Nimmanunta .
, managerial ownership is considered a governance procedure that can reduce agency problems because managerial shareholders help align the interests of investors and managers.
Management as an agent is expected to manage the company by the principal's objectives with managerial ownership because the position of management is the same as that of shareholders as owners of the company (Hapsoro and Handayani.
Managerial ownership allows the manager to act as both manager and owner of the company to make company financial reports with high audit quality.
From this explanation, the following hypotheses can be H 1 : Managerial ownership affects audit Effect of Institutional Ownership on Audit Quality Institutional ownership becomes very important through a large ownership composition because it monitors the audit process (Awadallah, 2.
Institutional ownership can implement professional views managerial skills, exercise the right to vote and ask managers to improve company efficiency (Haryono et al.
, 2.
In addition, many provisions institutions can assist shareholders as a preventive measure if managers negatively influence the audit process and monitor and maintain audit quality (Bazrafshan et al.
, 2.
According to Guizani and Abdalkrim .
, researchactive and passive institutional ownership Determinants of Audit Quality: The Effect of .
Ae Ananda.
Sumarta.
Satriya.
Amidjaya positively affect quality audits.
From this description, the hypothesis is obtained:
H 2 : Institutional ownership affects audit Effect of Government Ownership on Audit Quality Government ownership, in general, is detrimental to corporate governance because the state's interests are not fully aligned with the interests of the company (Borisova et al.
, 2.
In this case, the government is considered to be rejecting the appointment of a higher-quality auditor.
Research by Alhababsah .
shows that audit quality is significantly positively related to government ownership.
At the same time, research by Hardi .
shows that government ownership hurts audit Research by Borisova et al.
finds that possession of government is linked to poor quality governance.
From this description, the hypothesis is obtained:
H 3 : Government ownership affects audit Effect of Foreign Ownership on Audit Quality Among other investors, foreign investors have strong supervision and control over a company's business (Lee et al.
, 2.
Foreign shareholders rely heavily on audits to maintain the reliability of the company's financial figures because they feel disadvantaged by the limitations in monitoring management due to geographical distance (Pronobis and Schaeuble, 2.
Foreign investors are considered to have extensive information networks, more sophisticated technology, and sufficiently mature knowledge of investment so that they will be able to implement better monitoring procedures than family ownership or local institutions (Gautama et al.
, 2.
From the description obtained the hypothesis:
H 4 : Foreign ownership affects audit quality.
Effect of Family Ownership on Audit Quality Niskanen et al.
in Guizani and Abdalkrim .
stated that family firms might not allow monitoring of their behavior and thus may be less willing to hire highquality auditors.
According to agency theory, the goal of a family company is to prioritize personal interests that affect the process of financial reporting (Homayoon and Hakimzadeh, 2.
In research by Guizani and Abdalkrim .
, the results obtained that family ownership harms audit quality through the board's independence.
study by Diyanty et al.
showing family-owned has a good impact on audit From this description, the following hypotheses can be obtained:
H 5 : Family ownership affects audit quality.
Effect of Audit Committee Activities on Audit Quality The audit committee acts as a trustee in the governance system to reduce information asymmetry at the internal and external levels, thereby reducing agency problems (Suryanto et al.
, 2.
With the existence of OJK regulations regarding audit committee meetings, the intensity of the meetings is the main element of the audit committee's Smith .
in Khudhair et al.
believe that the audit committee meeting is the root of their work, so the audit committee should hold a meeting to describe their duties.
The audit committee needs time to carry out its role to be carried out effectively (Wedari, 2.
From this description, it is obtained H 6 : Audit committee activities affect audit According to hypotheses development, research framework can be seen in Figure 1.
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Figure 1
Research Framework
RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses a quantitative model.
This research uses a literature study and documentation method.
The documentation method is a data search process by looking at financial records and reports taken from the IDX or company's website.
The library study method collects data obtained by reading books, articles, journals, papers, or other models from libraries and other sources.
This research population covers companies that are members of the IDX from 2015 to 2020.
All companies listed on the IDX are investigated for thorough and accurate results regarding audits in all sectors listed on the IDX.
The sample selection in this research used the purposive sampling The requirements for determining the research sample are: .
The company was listed on the IDX in 2015-2020.
The company provided an annual report in 20152020.
The company that provides the data needed by researchers during 2015-2020.
Estimation Techniques The procedure used in analyzing the data uses descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression test.
Logistic regression allows the analysis of dichotomous or binary results (LaValley, 2.
The dependent variable in this study uses a dichotomous Therefore, the researcher used logistic regression analysis.
This study used statistical methods assisted by the SPSS data processing The summary of the definition of variable operationalization can be seen in Models to examine the impact of ownership structure and audit committee activities on audit quality, namely:
AQ = 1 MNG 2 INST 3 GOV
4 FOR 5 FAM 6 AC_ACTIV e = Audit Quality = Constant 1 Oe 6= Coefficient MNG = Management Ownership INST = Institutional Ownership GOV = Government Ownership FOR = Foreign Ownership FAM = Family Ownership AC_ACTIVE = Audit Committee Activities = Error Determinants of Audit Quality: The Effect of .
Ae Ananda.
Sumarta.
Satriya.
Amidjaya Table 1 Definition of Variable Operationalization Dependent Variable Variable Name Measurement Details Audit Quality (AQ) Audit quality is whether the audit has been carried out by a public accountant properly or not.
Audit quality is the dependent variable studied and calculated using the earnings surprise benchmark proxy.
Earnings surprise benchmark proxies have previously been used in the research by Carey and Simnett .
modified and adapted to conditions in Indonesia, likeWibowo and Rossieta .
and Aqmarina and Yendrawati .
The earnings benchmark used is between AA-E and AA E, where are the average earnings/average total assets of all companies and is the standard deviation.
audit quality can be said to be poor if:
Profit is greater than the benchmark earnings indicated by the value of ROA > AA E.
Losses greater than the benchmark earnings are indicated by the value of ROA < AA - E.
Furthermore, audit quality will be measured with a dummy variable as a proxy.
the groupings are:
AQ = 1 if it meets the criteria AA - E < ROA < AA E which indicates high audit quality.
AQ = 0 if ROA > which indicates poor audit quality.
Independent Variable Variable Name Measurement Details Managerial Managerial ownership is the ownership of shares by the company's Ownership (MNG) management.
Total percentage of shares owned by managers or directors of the This measurement is the same as the research conducted by Hardi .
and (Hapsoro and Handayani, 2.
Institutional Institutional ownership is company shares owned by an institution.
Ownership (INST) Total percentage of shares owned by institutions.
This measurement is the same as the research conducted by Alhababsah .
and Guizani and Abdalkrim .
Government Government ownership shares that belong to the government.
Ownership (GOV) Total percentage of shares owned by government.
This measurement is the same as the research conducted by Alhababsah .
and Guizani and Abdalkrim .
Foreign Ownership Foreign ownership is ownership of shares by foreign people, and (FOR) organizations reign ownership as principal to request good quality audit quality from management.
Total percentage of shares owned by foreigners.
This measurement is the same as the research conducted by Alhababsah .
and (Gautama et al.
, 2.
Family Ownership Family ownership is the shares owned by the family or the involvement (FAM) of family members in the company.
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This measurement is the same as the study conducted by Guizani and Abdalkrim .
The audit committee needs communication in the performance of its The number of meetings held by the audit committee for a year, during Measurement of audit committee activity refers to research Wedari .
and Boshnak .
Table 2 Sample Selection Summary Sample Criteria Companies listed on the IDX in 2015-2020.
Companies that do not provide annual reports in 2015-2020.
Companies that did not provide the required data in 2015-2020.
Number of sample companies Number of years of observation Total observations Source: Research results Amount
Table 3
Descriptive Statistics Variable MNG
INST
GOV
FOR
FAM
AC_ACTIV
Min Max Mean Std.
Deviation Information: AQ = Audit Quality.
MNG= Managerial Ownership.
INST = Institutional Ownership.
GOV = Government Ownership.
FOR = Foreign Ownership.
FAM = Family Ownership.
AC_ACTIV = Audit Committee Activities.
Source: Research results ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION Sample Selection Results With the criteria set out in the methodology chapter, there was a population of 506 listed companies in the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2020 with 317 total samples.
The total observations from 2015-2020 were 1902.
The summary of the sample selection results can be seen in table 2.
Descriptive Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics is the simplest analysis in statistics.
Based on the descriptive statistical analysis table 3, it is known that all the sample data used are 1902.
The mean of managerial ownership is 0.
036, which means 6% of the company ownership comes from the manager.
Managerial ownership has a maximum value of 0.
The maximum value of 87.
5% is the value of managerial ownership in the Sat Nusapersada Tbk company in 2015-2018.
Institutional ownership's mean is 0.
733, meaning 73% of corporate ownership comes from institutions.
Institutional ownership has a maximum value of The maximum value of 100% is the value of institutional ownership in the Sinar Mas Multiartha Tbk company in 2016-2020 Determinants of Audit Quality: The Effect of .
Ae Ananda.
Sumarta.
Satriya.
Amidjaya and the Bank Jtrust Indonesia Tbk in 20152020.
The mean of government ownership is 042, meaning 4.
2% of company ownership comes from the government.
Government ownership has a maximum value of 0.
The maximum value of 80,6% comes from Indofarma Tbk company in 2015-2020.
The mean of foreign ownership is 0.
295, which 5% of corporate ownership comes from foreign.
Foreign ownership has a maximum value of 1.
The maximum value of 100% comes from Bank Amar Indonesia company in 2015-2018.
Family ownership's mean is 0.
598, which 8% of the company ownership comes from the family.
Family owner-ship has a maximum value of 1.
The maximum value comes from Bank Jago Tbk in 2015.
The mean and standard deviation of the audit committee activities of 7.
72 and 7.
The audit committee activity has a maximum value of 77.
The maximum value is the value of the audit committee activity at the Timah Tbk company in 2019.
Audit quality has a maximum value of 1 in 1750 companies.
At the same time, the minimum value of audit quality is 0, which is found in 152 companies.
logistic regression model reconstruct the appropriate form and display a more positive regression model.
It is evident from the reduction of the initial -2LL, 1059.
657, to the final -2LL, that is 1030.
Logistics Regression Results Overall Model Fit In SPSS output, it produces two values of -2LogL.
The two values are generated from one model consisting of constants only and one model consisting of constants plus independent variables.
Testing the Feasibility of the Regression Model Table of the logistic regression analysis results show that the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test results obtained a Chi-Square value of 954 with a significance value of 0.
>0.
The null hypothesis is accepted with a value > 0.
05, which means the model can be accepted because it is in accordance with the research data.
Table 4 Overall Model Fit Block number: 0 Block number: 1 Source: SPSS output result Coefficient of Determination (Nagelkerke's R Squar.
Nagelkerke R Square is a test to know how much the independent variable can explain and influence the dependent variable.
The Nagelkerke R Square value varies from 0 .
to 1 .
Table 5 NagelkerkeAos R Square Step Source: SPSS output results Nagelkerke R Square Table 5 shows that the calculation result of Nagelkerke R Square is 0.
These results explain that the dependent variable that the independent variable can explain is 36%.
comparison, the remaining 64% is explained by variables other than the hypothesized research and represented by error.
Table 6 Hosmer and Lemeshow Test Table 4 shows that the initial -2LL value is 1059,657 and the final -2LL value is 428, which means that the six additional independent variables included in the -2 Log Step Chi-square Source: SPSS output results Sig.
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Table 7
Logistics Regression Results Variable MNG
INST
GOV
FOR
FAM
AC_ACTIV
Constant Coefficient Wald Sig.
-Valu.
Information: AQ = Audit Quality.
MNG = Managerial Ownership.
INST = Institutional Ownership.
GOV = Government Ownership.
FOR = Foreign Ownership.
FAM = Family Ownership.
AC_ACTIV = Audit Committee Activities.
Source: SPSS output results Table 6 of the logistic regression analysis results show that the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test results obtained a Chi-Square value of 954 with a significance value of 0.
>0.
These results explain that the regression model is accepted because it fits with research data.
Regression Coefficient This test reveals the extent to which independent variables affect audit quality The significance level () used is 5%.
The criteria for accepting or rejecting the alternative hypothesis are determined based on the significance of the p-value.
The alternative hypothesis will be rejected if the p-value is greater than and the alternative hypothesis will be accepted if the p-value is less than .
The results of the logistic regression analysis using the enter method are briefly described in table 7.
The Effect of Managerial Ownership on Audit Quality Obtained the beta coefficient of managerial ownership ( 1 ) is -4.
785, and the Wald coefficient is 7.
254 with a p-value of It turns out that the p-value .
< 0.
and the reference is negative, which means the beta coefficient of managerial ownership is significantly negative.
It means that managerial ownership negatively impacts .
<0.
on audit quality.
These results indicate that the owner- ship of shares by the company's management causes low audit quality.
This finding also shows that the management role as a manager and as a company owner gives double power to the management and reduces the interestsAo differences between management and shareholders, but will result in low audit quality where the ROA produced by the company is greater or smaller rather than the average ROA of other The results are different from the research by Hardi .
, which shows that managerial ownership positively impacts audit quality.
However, this aligns with Pratama and Syafruddin .
research which shows that managerial ownership has a negative impact on audit quality.
The Effect of Institutional Ownership on Audit Quality The number of institutional ownership beta coefficients ( 2 ) of 1.
The Wald coefficient of 7.
916 with a p-value of 0.
<0.
and the direction is positive, which means that the beta coefficient of institutional ownership is significantly positive.
means that institutional ownership has a significant positive effect .
<0.
on audit The result shows that the institution's shares ownership impacts good audit quality.
This high audit quality can be realized because of the institution's supervision and According to research by Determinants of Audit Quality: The Effect of .
Ae Ananda.
Sumarta.
Satriya.
Amidjaya Guizani and Abdalkrim .
, the results of this research show that active and passive institutional ownership has a positive impact on audit quality.
The Effect of Government Ownership on Audit Quality The value of the beta coefficient of government ownership is obtained ( 3 ) is 1.
and the Wald coefficient is 1.
810 with a pvalue of 0.
>0.
, which means that the beta coefficient of government ownership is not significant.
Thus, government ownership does not have a significant impact on audit The findings of this research show that the ownership role of the government does not contribute significantly to supervising companies.
The research finding indicates the role of ownership from the government does not contribute significantly for the company.
This may be due to the lack of a role of the government ownership .
to evaluate.
This result might be because of the small average government ownership of the companies studied.
These results are different from Alhababsah .
research, which found that audit quality was significantly positively related to government ownership.
contrast to the research conducted by Borisova et al.
, who found that government ownership is associated with poor management systems.
However, this aligns with Guizani and Abdalkrim .
research which shows that government ownership does not have a significant impact on audit The Effect of Foreign Ownership on Audit Quality Obtained the value of the beta coefficient of family ownership ( 4 ) is -0.
697, and the Wald coefficient is 6.
255 with p-value = 0.
<0.
, and the direction is negative, which means the beta coefficient of foreign ownership is significantly negative.
These results conclude that foreign ownership has a significant negative effect .
<0.
This research shows that the geographical distance is quite far, causing the lack of a supervisory role in foreign shares ownership.
The research finding shows that the geographical distance is far enough which cause the lack of monitoring role in the stock ownership by foreign parties.
As a result, audit quality becomes less good due to the lack of control by the company, which leads to opportunities for managers to maximize their own interests.
As a result, the audit quality becomes less good due to the company's lack of control.
It is different from Sumantaningrum and Kiswara .
research showing that foreign ownership is positively related but has no impact on audit quality.
However, this aligns with Pratama and Syafruddin .
research which shows that foreign ownership has a negative impact on audit The Effect of Family Ownership on Audit Quality Obtained the value of the beta coefficient of family ownership ( 5 ) is 5.
The Wald coefficient is 8.
647 with a p-value of 0.
<0.
, and the direction is positive, which means the beta coefficient of family ownership is significantly positive.
These results indicate that family ownership has a significant positive effect .
<0.
These findings indicate a good supervisory role by the family's shareholding to realize good audit quality.
Based on the research results, family control contributes well to the holder's interests in which the manager can be under the control of shareholders to minimize agency problems.
This finding differs from Guizani and Abdalkrim .
, which shows that family ownership negatively affects audit quality through board independence.
However, this aligns with Diyanty et al.
research which shows that family ownership positively affects audits.
Ekuitas: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Ae Volume 6.
Nomor 3.
September 2022 : 333 Ae 350 The Effect of Audit Committee Activities on Audit Quality The value of the beta coefficient of audit committee activities ( 6 ) is 0.
The Wald coefficient is 4.
399 with a p-value of 0.
<0.
, and the direction is positive, which means the beta coefficient of the audit committee's activities is significantly positive.
These results indicate that the audit committee's activities positively impact .
<0.
on audit quality.
The audit committee is an important financial component of corporate governance because the committee will assure audit quality while at the same time securing investor enthusiasm (Suryanto et al.
, 2.
Based on the research result, it shows the existence of meeting activities held by the audit committee to assist them in making supervisory decisions and recommendations for the company to provide good results on audit quality.
This finding is in accordance with the agency theory that the audit role's committee can reduce agency conflicts and improve the quality of the resulting audit.
The development aligns with Wedari .
research, which shows that audit committee meetings positively impact audit fees.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESSION
Conclusion The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ownership structure and audit committee activity on audit quality.
This research covers more observation scope by using all sectors in IDX for the 2015-2020 The population of this study consists of 506 listed companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2020 with 317 total samples.
Research data is analyzed with logistic regression analysis using SPSS statistic program.
The results of this research:
Managerial ownership significantly affects audit quality, so the first hypothesis is This study shows a significant negative effect.
These results indicate that the role of management as an agent and shareholder causes a lack of supervision, resulting in poor audit quality.
Institutional owner- ship significantly affects audit quality, so the second hypothesis is accepted.
This study shows a significant positive effect.
These results explain that the supervisory role by institutional shareholders will support good audit quality.
Government ownership has no significant effect on audit quality, so the third hypothesis is rejected.
These results explain that ownership role of the government does not contribute significantly to supervising companies.
Foreign ownership significantly affects audit quality, so the fourth hypothesis is accepted.
This study shows a significant negative effect.
These results explain that foreign shareholders are hampered by geographical distance in company supervision, causing a lack of control over the company.
this causes the resulting audit quality to be less good.
Family ownership significantly affects audit quality, so the fifth hypothesis is accepted.
This study shows a significant positive effect.
These results explain that family shareholders provide good supervision and control on the management side to produce good quality on audit.
Audit committee activities significantly affects audit quality, so the sixth hypothesis is accepted.
This study shows a significant positive effect.
Based on the results of this study, the audit committee's meeting activities help the committee make supervisory decisions and recommendations for companies that contribute to good audit Several parties can use the results of this This research provides information and input to the company's shareholders to actively participate in supervising the company.
For stakeholders, these results can improve supervision so that transparency and reliability in the company's financial reporting can be guaranteed (Alhababsah, 2.
Investors in the stock exchange are also expected to get good information for their investment decisions.
In addition, the organization can optimize the audit committee in carrying out its implementation, including This research is additional knowledge and can be used as reference material Determinants of Audit Quality: The Effect of .
Ae Ananda.
Sumarta.
Satriya.
Amidjaya or reference for research, especially in the field of accounting.
Limitations This study has limitations: .
Companies do not publish annual reports and do not include the required data, so the number of samples is reduced.
In addition, although earnings surprise benchmark proxies are still not widely found, they are inseparable from limitations, such as not fully reflecting the quality of audits produced by Public Accountants and Public Accounting Firms.
On the other hand, the value of Nagelkerke' S R Square which shows the ability of the independent variable in explaining the dependent variable was only .
This research also only focuses on Indonesia.
Suggestions Based on the research conducted, there are suggestions for further research: .
Expanding the object of research, such as comparisons in other countries and the time of the study.
Then further research can use other proxies or several proxies to measure audit quality.
Further researchers can also add independent variables and control variables.
Audit quality can also be examined by using survey, interview, or experimental methods.
REFERENCES