Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional.
Vol.
11 No.
2 (May 2.
ISSN 2541-0644 .
ISSN 2599-3275 .
DOI https://doi.
org/10.
22146/jkesvo.
Determinants of Circumcision Timing in Indonesia: A Mixed-Methods Study of Health.
Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors Faktor-Faktor Penentu Waktu Sunat di Indonesia: Studi Metode Campuran tentang Faktor Kesehatan.
Budaya, dan Sosial Ekonomi Haris Alwafi1 .
Boyke Rudy Purnomo1.
Kristoforus Resi Wicaksono1.
Lale Yomi Safitri1 Department of Management.
Faculty of Economics and Business.
Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Background: Circumcision is widely practiced in Indonesia, yet its timing varies across regions despite known medical and economic advantages of early .
Objective: This study aims to analyze the distribution and determinants of circumcision age in Indonesia using a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative data and qualitative insights.
Methods: Data were collected from multiple circumcision providers across several provinces.
Quantitative analysis was conducted to assess age distribution, while qualitative interviews explored parental decision-making.
Findings were interpreted using the Health Belief Model and Social Ecological Model.
Results: Most circumcisions occurred at ages 6Ae10 years, reflecting a dominant school-age pattern.
Regional variation was observed, with earlier circumcision more common in West Nusa Tenggara and West Java, and delayed circumcision in Central Java and East Kalimantan.
Decisions were influenced by cultural norms, religious beliefs, financial readiness, perceived pain, and social expectations.
Economic factors also contributed, as delayed circumcision was often linked to financial planning and ceremonial practices, while early circumcision was perceived as more cost-efficient.
Conclusion: Circumcision timing in Indonesia is shaped by multi-level determinants beyond medical Culturally sensitive strategies are needed to promote informed decision-making.
Keywords: Circumcision.
Timing.
Determinants ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Sirkumsisi merupakan prosedur yang banyak dilakukan di Indonesia, namun waktu pelaksanaannya bervariasi antarwilayah meskipun sirkumsisi dini .
memiliki keuntungan medis dan Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi dan determinan usia sirkumsisi di Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan mixed-methods.
Metode: Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai penyedia layanan sirkumsisi di beberapa provinsi.
Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan untuk menilai distribusi usia, sementara wawancara kualitatif mengeksplorasi pengambilan keputusan orang tua.
Temuan diinterpretasikan menggunakan Health Belief Model dan Social Ecological Model.
Hasil: Sebagian besar sirkumsisi dilakukan pada usia 6Ae10 tahun, menunjukkan pola dominan usia sekolah.
Terdapat variasi regional, dengan sirkumsisi lebih dini di Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Jawa Barat, serta lebih lambat di Jawa Tengah dan Kalimantan Timur.
Keputusan dipengaruhi oleh norma budaya, keyakinan agama, kesiapan finansial, persepsi nyeri, dan ekspektasi sosial.
Faktor ekonomi juga berperan.
penundaan sering terkait dengan perencanaan biaya dan acara, sedangkan sirkumsisi dini dianggap lebih efisien.
Kesimpulan: Waktu sirkumsisi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh faktor multi-level di luar pertimbangan medis.
Diperlukan pendekatan sensitif budaya untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan yang lebih tepat.
Kata Kunci: Sirkumsisi.
Usia.
Determinan Corresponding author: alwafi.
haris@gmail.
Submitted 06 February 2026 Revised 05 April 2026 https://jurnal.
id/jkesvo Published online May 31, 2026 Accepted 04 May 2026 Copyright A 2026 THE AUTHOR(S).
This article distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.
0 International license.
https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by-sa/4.