Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin Vol.
No.
October 2024, pp.
https://journal.
id/index.
php/dynamika/issue/view/78306 ISSN: 2548-7590.
DOI: 10.
21831/dinamika.
Design of Plastic Shredding Machine with HSS Crusher Type Susilawati1*.
Aditya Nugraha2.
Azhis Sholeh Buchori3.
Faadiyah Cheryl Rachelia4.
Mochammad Resa Pramudia5 1,2,3,4,5Politeknik Negeri Subang.
Indonesia
Article Info
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Human commonly use plastic because it is easy to get, economical, heat-resistant, and lightweight.
PET plastic is widely used for singleuse bottles.
This high usage of plastic leads to the accumulation of plastic waste which is difficult to decompose and damaging the The solution is to recycle plastic using an HSS crushertype plastic shredder.
The design process of the HSS crusher-type plastic crusher machine includes: the data collection process, the design starting from the design concept, design embodiment, and design details using Solidworks 2021 Software in two- and threedimensional forms then processed for design validation.
Then, the supervision of the tool manufacturing was continued to determine the suitability of the tool with the created design, machine testing, and The dimension of this HSS crusher-type plastic shredding machine design is 775 y 635 y 1553 mm with a machine weight of 200 kg.
The machine components consist of AS blade.
US blade, side blade lock, side blade.
UCP 208, size sieve.
US knife holder, machine frame, output, holder.
US cover, top cover, pulley cover, pulley, output cover, input, hopper, and machine wheel.
The engine frame is made by using UNP 50-60 iron.
The engine drive is a a 1HP electric The machine made by mild steel plate material which has 10 pcs of steel blades consisting of 6 pcs of steel blades and 4 pcs of sitting blades.
The product from this shredded machine is in the form of PET plastic flakes which can be recycled further.
Received Oct 14, 2024 Revised Oct 21, 2024 Accepted Oct 29, 2024 Published Oct 30, 2024 Keywords:
Recycling plastic.
Plastic shredding machine.
HSS crusher type.
Plastic PET.
Design *Corresponding Author:
Susilawati Mechanical Engineering Department Politeknik Negeri Subang.
Indonesia Email: susilawatibanin@gmail.
INTRODUCTION
Plastic is an item that humans commonly use as a material or tool daily because its benefit as easy to get, economical price, heat resistance, and lightweight.
Plastic material is a type of polymer that has a permanent structure.
In other words, the plastic refers to a specific type of polymer that includes a wide variety of polymer variations (Linda et al.
, 2.
Plastic seems to have become a necessity that must exist in society, although some people are unaware its bad impact on the environment when it is no longer used (Saila et al.
, 2.
The use of plastic in food packaging, beverage packaging, shopping bags, and other wrappers are some of the main sources of plastic waste generation today (Inggit Br Sitorus & Nanda, 2.
Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin.
Volume.
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180 The types of plastics include PET (Polyethylene Terephthalat.
HDPE (High Density Polyethylen.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chlorid.
PP (Polypropylen.
, and PS (Polystyren.
(Haryono, 2.
Of these several types of plastic, some plastics are often used by the community, namely PET plastic which is usually used in the manufacture of single-use plastic bottles.
PET is a polymer produced from the dehydrated condensation of Ethylene Terephthalate, through the esterification process of terephthalic acid with Ethylene Glycol (Achidah et al.
, 2.
Because of its economical nature, the more plastic is used, the more plastic waste accumulates and is thrown carelessly, the plastic waste becomes difficult to decompose in the soil, causing environmental damage (Huzein & Hasballah, 2.
Waste and other pollutants that are disposed of carelessly can cause serious environmental pollution, endangering human health and ecosystems (Achmad et al.
, 2.
According to the Indonesian Plastic Industry Association (INAPLAS) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2022, the amount of plastic waste in Indonesia will reach 64 million tons per year (Nurhayani, 2.
In the last ten years, the amount of plastic waste in Indonesia increased by 6% to 6 million tons in 2021, which is equivalent to about 17% of the total national waste.
This means that each Indonesian people produce is around 0.
11 kilograms of plastic waste per day (Malihah et al.
To overcome the accumulation of plastic waste that is increasing day by day, it can be overcome by recycling plastic waste.
Recycling is the process of turning waste into new products while reducing the use of fresh raw materials, to produce more useful products (Rohima et al.
, 2.
Plastic waste recycling is included in one of the waste utilization programs, namely the 3R program which consists of Reduce.
Reuse, and Recycle, this program is expected to reduce the environmental impact of waste management improvement (Hidayat et al.
, 2.
One of the plastic waste recycling technologies that can be done is the use of plastic shredding machines which are intended to process plastic waste into processed products that have a higher use value and sell higher by carrying out the waste recycling process.
A plastic shredder is a waste recycling technology, or a tool used to chop or crush plastic into smaller pieces.
The chopped products then can be used as recycled materials for entrepreneurs (Habib Almukti et al.
, 2.
Several studies have explained that plastic shredding machines have several types according to the cutting tools used, such as the shredder type which reel type of cutting tool that is usually used as a conventional lawn mower (Yudha Triadi et al.
, 2.
the scissor cutting type whose cutting tool has the smallest angle to facilitate chopping (Desi et al.
, 2.
Meanwhile, the design of this plastic shredder is an HSS crusher-type plastic shredder.
This plastic shredding machine is a crusher-type machine or type used to damage the structure of the material and reduce its thickness so that it will be easier to chop.
The results of the cutting were obtained in the form of small flakes (Nur, 2.
The problem faced by the community is the management of plastic waste.
People are still not aware of the importance of managing plastic waste which is difficult to decompose in the environment so if the waste is left alone, it can cause problems in the future.
People's habit of throwing rubbish Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin.
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181 anywhere, such as on roadsides, gardens, and rivers, pollutes the environment.
In this process, the plastic shredder plays a crucial role.
This machine cuts or shreds plastic into smaller sizes, making the recycling process, such as melting and reshaping into new products, more manageable.
However, most plastic shredders available today face various challenges.
Some of these include high production costs, large energy consumption, limited capacity, and insufficient ability to shred different types of plastics effectively.
Moreover, many machines are not designed with sustainability in mind, such as energy efficiency and ease of maintenance.
Therefore, developing a more efficient, affordable, and environmentally friendly plastic shredder has become an urgent necessity.
With an optimized plastic shredder, plastic waste management can be improved, helping to reduce environmental pollution while supporting a circular economy.
METHOD
This research went through several stages of completion starting from data collection, to supervision of the manufacture and testing of the plastic shredding machine, the design results can be seen in the following flow diagram.
Figure 1.
Flow Diagram The research method carried out begins with the collection of qualitative data with a literature study on the current plastic waste problem.
With this data, a design of a plastic shredder design concept Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin.
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182 was made using Solidworks 2021 software.
The design of the plastic waste shredder concept is made based on the data that has been collected.
At this stage, the design concept that has been designed is then implemented in a more detailed three-dimensional form.
This process results in a variety of components that, when combined, can form a complete and functional product.
Furthermore, a design embodiment is made, which is a stage in the design process where the initial concept is realized in a more detailed or detailed form.
At this stage, a complete drawing design along with the technical specifications of the tool will be produced.
Designs that have gone through various stages then validated for design.
The purpose of this stage is to ensure that the tool drawings prepared in the design stage meet the predetermined standards.
This validation includes the suitability of the working drawings and the ease of reading so that the design can be passed on to the tool manufacturing stage.
If there is a discrepancy in the design, it will return to the design embodiment stage.
After the manufacture of the tool, a trial of the tool and an evaluation stage were carried out.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The design of an HSS crusher-type plastic shredder was utilizing data from the literature studies.
The design concept was produced after considering various aspects, such as recycling needs, material availability, and estimated costs required.
This conceptualized design is then broken down into several Once the machine concept is designed, the next stage is to create an embodiment using CAD software, such as SolidWorks 2021, which includes the creation of 2D sketches, 3D models, and This stage ensures that every component of the machine is precisely designed before it is After that, the design validation of the HSS crusher-type plastic shredder was carried out with the final design that has been validated as indicated by Table 1.
Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin.
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Components of Plastic Shredding Machine HSS Crusher Type Components AS Knife US Knife Side Blade Locks US Knife Locks Side Blades UCP 208 Size Strainer US Knife Stand Dimension ( mm ) 450 x 40 100 x 90 x 15 200 x 30 x 10 100 x 30 x 10 195 x 90 x 15 184 x 54 x 98 310 x 220 200 x 200 x 200 .
quilateral triangl.
Design Figure 2.
Inner Sub 1 Plastic Shredding Machine HSS Crusher Type Engine frame Output Holder US Cover Top Cover Pulley Cover Pulley 600 x 685 x 450 560 x 235 x 430 350 x 40 295 x 80 200 x 250 295 x 80 Figure 3.
Inner Sub 2 Plastic Shredding Machine HSS Crusher Type Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin.
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184 Output Cover Input Hopper Wheel 330 x 120 200 x 640 x 555 450 x 270 x 240 Figure 4.
Plastic Shredding Machine HSS Crusher Type Manufacturing of Plastic Shredding Machine HSS Crusher Type The result of the design and manufacture of this HSS crusher-type plastic shredding machine is that it has dimensions of 775 x 635 x 1553 mm with a machine weight of 200 kg.
The machine components consist of AS blade.
US blade, side blade lock, side blade.
UCP 208, size sieve.
US knife holder, machine frame, output, holder.
US cover, top cover, pulley cover, pulley, output cover, input, hopper, and machine wheel.
The engine frame is made using UNP 50-60 iron.
The drive of this engine comes from a 1HP electric motor.
The machine comes from mild steel plate material which has 10 pcs of steel blades consisting of 6 pcs of steel blades and 4 pcs of sitting blades.
When the electric motor is turned on, the small pulley on the electric motor will rotate forward to the large pulley on the engine by using a V-Belt with an outer diameter of 16 mm and an inner diameter of 11 mm, this transmission movement will rotate the AS connected to the chopping blade so that movement occurs.
The PET plastic that is inserted through the shredder hole will directly enter the shredder which is secured by the filter component so that the plastic bottles that are inserted do not When the process has been carried out, the result is in the form of pieces of shredded PET plastic bottles that come out through the filter and then continue through the exit hole.
Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin.
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185 Figure 5.
Results of Plastic Shredding Machine Manufacturing HSS Crusher Type Figure 6.
Knife Shredding of Plastic Shredder Machine HSS Crusher Type Machine Trials and Evaluation After the machine is manufactured, the machine performance test process is then carried out to determine the condition and operation of the machine before use.
This test was carried out directly with test materials in the form of plastic bottles that are included in the type of PET plastic.
Figure 6.
Performance Trial Process of Plastic Shredding Machine HSS Crusher Type Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin.
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Results of Shredding Plastic Bottles Plastic with Shredding Machine HSS Crusher Type The results of the shredding process of the HSS crusher-type plastic shredding machine have cutting results in the form of flakes from PET plastic bottles with almost uniform size.
These flakes can then be sold for industrial recycling, offering an effective solution to deal with the buildup of PET plastic
CONCLUSION
The design process of the type of plastic shredder is made based on literature study on the type of plastic that can be a solution to the problem of tracking plastic.
The design is made using Solidworks This HSS-type plastic crusher machine is made with a crusher that can chop the plastic waste into small fragments that can be reprocessed into functional products in the plastic waste recycling process, especially PET-type plastics.
The results of this shredded plastic waste can help the community process plastic waste that is difficult to decompose.
The plastic shredder designed in this study demonstrates optimal performance in supporting the plastic waste management process.
This machine is capable of shredding various types of plastic with consistent and high-quality results.
The average size of the shredded plastic ranges between 5-10 mm, meeting the standards for further recycling processes, such as melting and reshaping.
In terms of performance, this machine demonstrates good efficiency with an average shredding capacity of 75 kg/hour.
Its energy consumption is relatively low, supporting sustainability aspects.
Moreover, the shredded output exhibits a uniform texture with minimal residual fragments, thereby reducing additional waste during the recycling process.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research is supported by the Politeknik Negeri Subang and the Ministry of Education.
Culture.
Research and Technology which has provided funds for this research.
REFERENCES