THE CHANGING STYLE AND MEANING OF DAMONOAoS
TRANSLATED POEMS
Lilis Lestari Wilujeng1.
Shanty Arysaputri2 Universitas Ma Chung, lilis.
lestari@machung.
Universitas Ma Chung.
ABSTRACT Translating poems is different from translating other kinds of documents such as scientific articles, textbooks, and the like, since the translator is expected not only to transfer the meaning, but also the original poemsAo style and other important aspects.
Related to it, the objective of this analysis is to identify the changing style and meaning of Sapardi Djoko DamonoAos poems translated and compiled in an anthology entitled Before Dawn by John H.
McGlynn.
In this research, descriptive qualitative method and stylistic approach were utilized in analyzing the data, interpreting the resulting findings, and reporting the analysis.
The focus of analysis is on the four compared literary devices of Indonesian and English versions of the selected poems, i.
theme, imagery, diction, tone and mood.
The results of analysis show that several changes on those four aspects were identified in the selected poems of the anthology.
The changes mostly happen in their theme, tone, and mood.
The poemsAo style also slightly changed after being translated into English.
They had simpler and more concise style of description, yet elegant and beautiful in structure and diction.
Thus, the translation of those poems is proven to have several changes in terms of style and other literary devices so as to influence the poemsAo meanings.
Key words: translation, poem, style, meaning, literary devices INTRODUCTION Poetry deals with joy, pain, as well as wonder.
It thus wraps emotions and presents them in appetizing yet amusing piece of literary arts.
Poetry often uses particular forms and conventions to suggest alternative meanings in words, and to sense the world in a strong response of feeling.
A successful poem depends greatly on its selection and arrangements of words to convey meanings.
As suggested by Kennedy and Gioia .
Aothe most impressive idea in the world will not make a poem, unless its words are selected and arranged with loving artAo.
It is always fascinating to dive into poetAos mind for everything that has been described in the poem.
The poet might give a sketch of understanding in every selected piece of words.
it will evoke senses in more dramatic way than a mere story.
However, in this globalized world, poets often borrow styles, techniques and forms from various cultures and languages.
This phenomenon can only be achieved through the works of translation.
Translation of literary works is considered a literary pursuit in its own Literary translation bridges the delicate emotional connections between cultures and languages and furthers the understanding of human beings across national borders.
In the act of literary translation the soul of another culture becomes transparent, and the translator recreates the refined sensibilities of foreign countries and their people through the linguistic, musical, rhythmic, and visual possibilities of the new language (Schulte, 2.
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The features of poetry translation are much more complicated than any other literary Jackson .
noted that literary translation involves a good deal of interpretation about intent and effect.
Besides, the literary translator is often not much interested in literal transliteration as in finding the mood, tone, voice, sound, response, and so forth, which is the main paraphernalia in interpreting poetry.
On the contrary, there are beliefs that poetry can be preserved, illustrated, and illuminated if a translator succeeds in doing so.
Poetry is in large part found again and repainted by the translator.
Of course, many of the original poetical touches of color cannot be transposed, yet the new arrangement may be even more luminous than the original (Dastjerdi, n.
The problem is, whether the illuminating part will preserve the true soul of the poem or it ends up with forming another shade of colors.
In line with the objective of the analysis, several relevant theories are worth conveying, such as stylistics as the main approach to analyze the data, intrinsic elements and poetic devices that contribute to the quality of a poem, such as theme, imagery, mood and tone, as well as diction.
Mostly connotatively conveyed in terms of its meaning, poems can be analyzed stylistically.
Verdonk .
believes that stylistic analysis will not only be focused on the text form or structure, but also on the elements that arouse the readersAo interests and emotions, such as sounds, word choice .
, grammar or sentence structure.
The goals of stylistics, according to Todd .
and supported by Barry .
, are to provide a hard data to support intuition about literary works, to suggest new interpretation of literary works based on linguistic evidence, and to establish general points about how literary meanings are made.
This term is also closely connected to the term AostyleAo, which means Aothe manner of linguistic expression in verse Ae as how the poet says whatever it is that he saysAo (Abrams, 1.
Therefore, a poemAos style or a poetAos style is always related to a distinctive type of writings based on rhetorical situation and aim, characteristic diction or choice of words, type of sentence structure, density, kinds of figurative language, forms and divisions of stanzas, and the like.
Devices applied in the process of analysis are theme, imagery, mood and tone, and Theme, a quite significant feature in poetry analysis, is known as thing that connects all parts of the idea that has been presented in a verse.
As its main concern is to convey experience, a poem is organized in such a way in order to produce a meaningful one, using the chosen and specific pattern of words.
Since every part of poems is interrelated, a researcher needs to analyze the elements of the poem in order to obtain the theme (Arp & Johnson, 2.
Furthermore, he states that imagery, as a poetic device, is used to deliver the message through senses.
The images in the poetAos language are Aomore sensuous than ordinary languageAo, and might also be presented as Aothe representation through language of sense experienceAo.
The types of imagery can be visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, organic, and kinesthetic.
It covers the entire mental picture that is seen by mindAos eye, the sounds that the readers imaginatively hear, a smell that is pictured in the poem, a feeling of touch, internal sensation, and sense of movement.
Mood and tone are closely connected.
While tone is defined as the attitude that style implies, mood is related to the feeling and atmosphere of a poem.
Tone can also be defined as Aothe poetAos personal attitude in style or expression toward the subject, e.
loving, ironic.
KLAUSA: Kajian Linguistik.
Pembalajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra | 15 bitter, pitying, fanciful, solemn, etc.
Ao To analyze the poemAos mood and tone, a researcher relies on the poetAos use of words and phrases, since actually the poet Aopaints the right sceneAo.
His imagination, emotion, and senses will touch the readers not merely on one or two side of nature, but also bring them to pure pleasure, fresh insight of human experiences (Arp, 1.
In translating poetry, it is important to make the readers feel the mood and tone of the original poem in the target language.
The insight and attitude of the poet should be clearly described in the translated poem so as to give the same foregrounding effect to the readers.
In order to accomplish that, the researchers believe that the innate mood from the poems must be well Diction, as the last poetic device being examined, signifies the actual vocabulary used by a poet.
The use of diction in poetry is to express the thought, idea, and feeling of the poet.
PoemsAo analyst deals with the meaning of words since it consists of systems of signs.
Therefore.
Aoin reading any poem, it is necessary to know what the words mean, but it is equally important to understand what the words imply or suggestAo (DiYanni, 2.
As a result, readers should pay attention to the fact that words do not stand by themselves in literary works, since they represent what the poet intends to convey to his readers, meaning that the poemAos interpretation will depend on the meaning of careful selection of words and This study is a comparative analysis of English translations of Sapardi Djoko DamonoAos poems with the original ones in his native language, i.
Indonesian.
This effort brings a new overview about the translatorAos success in forming the colors and emotions of the poems and the possibilities of forming the new version of the poem as the result.
Andre Levefere .
mentioned that the result of translation can only be judged by those who do not need them, and this statement triggered as well as encouraged the researchers to choose poems originally written in the language that they really understand, namely.
Indonesian.
This enables them to figure out the captured soul of the poems, interpret them and manage to evaluate the differences to some extent.
To add.
DamonoAos selected poems are fascinating and deep, despite being written in brief stanzas.
As one of founders of Lontar Foundation.
Damono intended to promote the translation and publication of Indonesian literary works.
Its main goal is to stimulate further development of Indonesian literature and make it accessible for international audience.
The first publication of Lontar Foundation was Suddenly the Night, a collection of translated poetry of Sapardi Djoko Damono by John H.
McGlynn.
John McGlynn himself is the chairman of Lontar Foundation and has translated several Indonesian literary works into English, including DamonoAos poems.
Through McGlynnAos works, the researchers intended to capture the illumination of emotion in DamonoAos poems and figure out the capability of the translator in preserving the style and meaning.
The hint of culture in the process of translation is occasionally presented in this study, since it cannot be separated from literary translation.
Therefore, the problems can be summarized into the following questions: .
Are the features of the poems successfully preserved after the translation process?, and .
Are there any differences in terms of style and meaning in the translation results of the poems?.
In line with that, this Volume 2 No.
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study is intended to examine the translatorAos style in order to preserve the meaning and features of the original version of poems after being translated into English.
RESEARCH METHOD
Since this study focused on gaining the interpretive understanding on the changing style and meaning of DamonoAos translated poems, it utilized descriptive qualitative method in which the researchers interpreted the data based on the comparative analysis between the original poems and the translated versions.
The entire resulting analysis was presented in the form of verbal description.
Process of data gathering was carried out through a library study and exploration, in which the researchers compiled and selected various kinds of data sources as well as relevant theories from written texts, online sources, and the like.
Only three poems were selected for this study, based on purposive sampling, taken from an anthology of translated poems entitled Before Dawn by John H.
McGlynn.
Published by Lontar Production in 2005, it has 197 pages and consists of 133 poems.
The three poems are entitled December Poem.
After Accompanying the Body, and In the Hands of Children.
As for data analysis, the researchers mainly used stylistic approach, with its main focus on the literary features and devices of the poems, such as mood and tone, theme, imagery, and diction which eventually convey meaning.
Another aspect being considered was the translation process, since this study dealt with poetry translation.
After the reading process, the researchers searched for the different effects of the tone and mood between the original poems with the translated ones.
Later on, they analyzed further using theories of theme, imagery, and diction in order to find whether the meaning of the original poem was successfully preserved in the translated one.
The study, hence, was mostly concerned with the poemsAo interpretation, the poetAos as well as the translatorAos style that led to the changing meaning of the selected poems.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Findings In analyzing the poems, the researchers directly compared all features in the selected The findings dealt with differences found in both versions of the poems, including changes that influenced readersAo understanding and impression.
The interpretation is an overall conclusion of the translatorAos capacity in translating the poems without changing the original poetAos style and the meaning of the poems.
Therefore, each analysis is provided with the original version of the poem, followed by the translated version.
This step is taken to give readers a clear overview about the main data sources and create an opportunity to acknowledge and feel the uniqueness of both versions.
It is then followed by the discussion of the poemAos literary features and devices, i.
theme, imagery, tone and mood, as well as KLAUSA: Kajian Linguistik.
Pembalajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra | 17 Poem One: December Poem Sajak Desember December Poem kutanggalkan mantel serta topiku yang tua I take off my old coat and hat ketika daun penanggalan gugur:
fall: past midnbight.
and then i hutang-hutangku pada-Mu mendadak terasa.
betapa miskinnya di luar hujan pun masih kudengar dari celah-celah jendela.
Ada yang terbaring di kursi, letih sekali masih patutkah kuhitung segala milikku selembar celana dan selembar baju ketika kusebut berulang nama-Mu:
taram-temaram bayang bianglala itu when the leaves of the calendar count my debts to You and suddenly fell: how very poor I am.
I can still hear the rain through the bars of window.
Something slouches in the chair, completely exhausted it is still fitting for me to count my possessions a pair of pants and a set of clothes as I repeat the mention of Your name:
RainbowAos ray so faded and dim (McGlynn, 2005:.
(Damono, 2001:.
Its Theme Poetry is an exclusive result of contemplation, which metamorphosed into solid form, then crystalized into words and lines.
Here.
Damono with his powerful simplicity presented the moment of contemplation and its mysterious complication.
The readers are introduced to the enchantment of subconscious minds of human that might reveal secret, dissatisfaction, misery and acknowledgement.
Consequently, the theme of the original version is about a contemplation of life and how it brings awareness on how hopeless we are before God.
Meanwhile, in the translated version, the readers are still capable of sensing the moment of contemplation brought by the poem, but the moment seemed weighted with burden and fear.
The description is a bit somber and dull, which can be seen in lines Aothrough the bars of window.
Something slouches in the chair, completely exhaustedAo.
McGlynn apparently tried to preserve the simplicity of DamonoAos diction by translating this poem as Volume 2 No.
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precisely as possible, by using less poetic language as the original poem.
That only made the theme of this poem changed into something heavier.
It still tells about contemplation, but a kind of contemplation that is followed by burden and despair.
Its Imagery The imagery that is strongly carried on the original poem is organic imagery.
Because the poet is poetically telling an event to the readers, the poem is full of the subjectAos feeling when it happened.
The reader will be informed about the subjectAos thought and the impression of the situation as the story goes on.
The setting describes that it happened at midnight, and the one sided conversation between the subject and God emphasizes the sense of contemplation.
It gives a sense of closeness on the personal relationship between man and God.
There is another imagery that completed this poem, but it is actually the supporting image that created the setting of the event.
The kinesthetic imagery was used when the poet portrayed the event AoI take off my old coat and hatAo, it gave an impression of someone who just went home from a long day work and then took off the hat, hung the coat and prepared for a rest in one serene night.
While auditory imagery was used to strengthen the setting and clarify the atmosphere AoI can still hear the rain through the window barsAo, as an impression of continuity from the first stanza.
It makes the readers imagine the situations when the night grows late and he hears nothing but the sound of rain that emphasizes loneliness.
The visual imagery was used to give the background and setting of the story, like when the poet described Aosomething slouches in the chairAo and Aothe leaves of the calendar fallAo.
Each imagery is transferred relatively well in the translated version, because the poet used fairly literal translation of dictions and expressions as explained in the previous part.
translating experience, the most suitable way to describe is by preserving the details and However, in translating a poem, the translator should also pay more attention to the preservation of the original poemAos style.
Its Tone and Mood The tone shared by this poem is spiritual and remorse.
Damono illustrated someoneAos feeling when he was already through a large amount of lifetime and then looked back for For many times.
God has gracefully blessed and mercifully forgiven, but then he realized that he often forgot to be grateful.
He humbly admitted his weakness, his regret and his fear, but sill he held on tightly to his faith and faced it with all his might.
That story eventually creates some guilt in the readersAo mind and unconsciously invites the readers to think seriously of their life story before it is too late.
That melancholic storyline creates submission and apprehensive mood.
The poetAos reflection will touch the readersAo awareness about their own lives.
Following the change on the theme, the tone in the translated version also becomes heavier and more fearful.
The subject was burdened by his AodebtAo to God and it trapped him in AobarsAo.
The image of rainbow that appeared in the last line does not bring the color either to the poem as what is usually expected in the existence of rainbow.
inevitably it brings the dull KLAUSA: Kajian Linguistik.
Pembalajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra | 19 and regretful mood to the readers as seen in AorainbowAos ray so faded and dimAo.
McGlynn here changed the poem into something more miserable, repentant, and bleak.
Its Diction The diction employed in DamonoAos Sajak Desember is apparently not so ornate and does not use various figurative expressions.
Even so, the beauty of the poem and the intensity of the moment are still perfectly delivered to the readers by DamonoAos unique style of Moreover, this poem is like an impressive fragment that happened in one rainy night, so it sounds comprehensible and neat.
Thus, in translating this particular poem.
McGlynn tried to preserve the order of sequence and told it naturally like DamonoAos order of It was very brave, because actually there are several expressions that might confuse the readers in the target language such as Aodaun penanggalan gugurAo that has been translated into Aothe leaves of calendar fallAo, or Aotaram-temaram bayang bianglala ituAo that was translated into AorainbowAos ray so faded and dimAo.
However in some cases.
McGlynn used heavier diction to translate the poem that makes some features change, as what has been explained in the previous sub-subchapter.
translated AoterbaringAo into AoslouchesAo instead of Aolay downAo, while the meaning of AoslouchAo is to stand, sit or walk with the shoulders hanging forward and the head bent slightly over so that you look tired and bored (Cambridge Dictionar.
That makes the subject pictured as someone who is completely desperate and powerless, while the original meaning is not that Another example can be seen from the use of words Aosela-sela jendelaAo that was translated into Aobars in the windowAo.
Such a choice creates a feeling of imprisonment or being trapped rather than only describing it as a window sash.
Poem Two: After Accompanying the Body Sehabis mengantar jenazah After accompanying the body is there anything left for you to ask in regard to this? The rain finally tentang hal itu? Hujan pun sudah stops as a world of never ending sewaktu tertimbun sebuah dunia yang conversation is buried tak habisnya bercakap beneath aging flower, august days di bawah bunga-bunga menua, musim yang senja pulanglah dengan payung di tangan, going home now with a closed umbrella in hand children return to play on the wet road as if in a dream, horses whinny in the anak-anak kembali bermain di jalanan distant hills seperti dalam mimpi meringkik di bukit-bukit jauh perhaps we need not grow old in kuda-kuda question Volume 2 No.
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barangkali kita tak perlu tua tanpa tanda tanya are there any? How stately is the sky how stately the portal that will masih adakah? Alangkah angkuhnya welcome us all, save memories alangkah angkuhnya pintu yang akan menerima kita of a cave suddenly failing silent.
(McGlynn, 2005:.
pada sebuah gua yang menjadi sepi tiba-tiba (Damono, 1967:.
Its Theme This poem depicts how people who are facing death should struggle to continue their Talking about death, the AovictimAo will not only be the dead person, but also people who are left behind.
It will never be easy to be parted suddenly.
It leaves regret, misery, and therefore Damono opened this poem in question Aomasih adakah yang akan kau tanyakan tentang hal itu?Ao which was later translated into Aois there anything left for you to ask in regard to this?Ao by McGlynn.
The second stanza is full of figurative expressions on how they should continue with acceptance, as children will play again, and the dream lasts.
When the time finally comes, nothing will last, and the only thing left behind is merely a memory.
The English version of the poem more or less carried the same theme.
It tells about the continuity of life after the people we love passed away, and nothing is left but memories.
McGlynn successfully transferred the soul of the poem and even made it somehow easier to He transferred the metaphor quite well, and used words as simple as needed, without losing the poetic sensation for each line, for instance.
Aoas a world of never ending conversation is buried beneath aging flowerAo, and Aogoing home with a closed umbrella in handAo.
Yet, at the third stanza.
McGlynn did not really succeed in transferring the form of the poem, because it became briefer and the stanzaAos form is not as beautiful and comprehensible as the original poem.
This can be seen in the following much more simplistic lines:
how stately the portal that will welcome us all, save memories of a cave suddenly failing silent (McGlynn, 2.
Those particular lines seem to be losing their intensity, partly because the original poem utilized repetition of the expression AoseluruhnyaAo as an emphasis, whereas the translated version only utilized Aoall, save memoriesAAo which makes it lighter in meaning.
Its Imagery KLAUSA: Kajian Linguistik.
Pembalajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra | 21 This poem is rich with metaphor and symbol.
Consequently, the imagery is mostly metaphorically written.
The visualization of the feeling after the funeral brings the readers to sense the mourning and loss.
The sounds of horses and child playing bring a sense of the world when the ceremony is over.
The cave that is suddenly silent brings the sense of loneliness, after all the rituals and condolences leave nothing but memories.
Hence, actually the imagery is not directly used to describe the situation or the scene is truly portrayed in the Instead, they are used particularly to arouse readersAo imagination on what happens after burying someone in DamonoAos world.
In the translated version.
McGlynn could transfer all the quality of metaphorical imagery used by Damono.
He transformed the art of simplicity that has always been DamonoAos signature without making the poem less intense, except certain minor parts mentioned in the theme discussion.
He left the metaphor as exceptional as the expressions used by Damono, and left the impression to the readers of the poem while maintaining DamonoAos style.
Its Tone and Mood Reading this poem, readers are intrigued to feel the bitter mourn illustrated in every question and word.
This poem is likely a poetAos message for someone he cared about.
swallowed his own bitterness and loss for the sake of telling the other to stay tough and continue his life.
After accompanying the body is a poem which carries a diverse tone.
It is heartbreaking and painful, as the feeling when we realize that our beloved one has gone and left the world that we are no longer able to reach, those who are buried under withered Yet it is also heartening and comforting to see that there are still new lives to build, a new phase to begin.
The mood that is shared to the readers is also mixed as the tone.
From the first stanza, it blew the readersAo mind with bitterness and hardship by a story of the end of life.
It was then followed by composed feeling and hint of happiness, a hope for the world that is actually colorful and lively.
In the last stanza, the readers are presented bluntly with the poetAos feeling of death itself.
a fate that will perish every existence but memories.
It brings fear and anxiety, but also ascertains an acceptance in the loss of someone we love.
McGlynn can portray all the mixed tone and mood of the original version in the translated poem.
The readers will also feel the bitterness and sadness of the poem because of his structured translation Aoa world of never ending conversation is buried beneath aging flowerAo.
To add, the hope and cheerful words that Damono employed in Aoseperti dalam mimpi kuda-kuda meringkik di bukit-bukit jauh, barangkali kita tak perlu tua tanpa tanda tanyaAo which were skillfully translated into Aoas if in a dream, horses whinny in the distant hills, perhaps we need not grow old in questionAo.
Unfortunately, in the last stanza, he failed to express the last two lines and made them more difficult to understand.
Its Diction Damono wrote this poem in beautiful euphemisms so as to infiltrate readers mind more deeply.
He described funeral as Aoa world of conversation that is buried in aging flowerAo, and how we should stand for the sadness as we go home with Aoa closed umbrella in handAo.
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The scene being depicted in the poem is exceptional and impressive, so that McGlynn only needed to transform it as it was and was still able to transfer the same power and effect to the Nevertheless.
McGlynn invented expressions that add the exceptionality of this poem.
He translated Aomusim yang senjaAo into AoAugust daysAo, which is actually indirectly related.
AoMusim yang senjaAo literally means a season that is almost ended, like a sun that is about to McGlynn cleverly used AoAugustAo to express this particular expression, probably because August is in autumn, before winter comes, as the symbol of death.
Therefore, readers are expected to catch the meaning by imaginatively visualizing the scenes as days in the late Poem Three: In the Hands of Children Di Tangan Anak-anak In the Hands of Children Di tangan anak-anak, kertas menjelma In the hands of children, paper perahu Sinbad becomes SinbadAos ship yang tak takluk pada gelombang, menjelma burung Undefeated by the waves, becomes a yang jeritnya membukakan kelopakWhose cries open flower blooms in kelopak bunga di hutan.
the forest.
di mulut anak-anak, kata menjelma In the mouths of children, words Kitab Suci.
become the Holy Book.
AuTuan, permainanku ini.
Ay (Damono, 1.
AuExcuse me.
Sir, leave this game of mine alone.
Ay (McGlynn, 2.
Its Theme The theme of this poem is successfully transferred within the process of translation.
This poem is a beautiful yet vivid description of childrenAos minds.
It talks about the ability of dreaming, dreaming until it changes a mere paper into mighty mythical SinbadAos ship.
It tells about a sincere hope of children, who simply believe that everything might happen with outstanding faith like believing a Holy Book.
McGlynn perfectly captured the way Damono adored children and even created the exquisite twins of it.
He used a brief statement like Aoundefeated by the ways, becomes a birdAo.
Aowhose cries open flower bloom in the forestAo as well as the original version.
He told the readers as Damono formed them in a more AohumbleAo way, without leaving the beauty of western poems.
Its Imagery KLAUSA: Kajian Linguistik.
Pembalajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra | 23 Both versions carried strong organic imagery.
The readers are enforced to enter the childrenAos fantastic world.
By the end of the poem, readers will understand how fast childrenAos mind grows and becomes undefeated dream as mighty as SinbadAos ship, as free as a bird and as powerful as words of God.
Beside organic imagery, the kinesthetic feature also strengthens this poem, indicated by the fast transformation of the paper to be an amazing The reader can imaginatively understand the magical transformation of the paper as they read the poem and feel the words and the lines.
McGlynn used incomplete sentence as Damono wrote it in Indonesian.
It emphasized the feeling of movement and highlighted the changing shape that gracefully formed in the readersAo mind as they understand the message conveyed by the poem.
Its Tone and Mood The original version was written in adventurous tone.
As if, when the readers read it, they will be drawn into the childAos world, which is nayve, plain, and dynamically changing.
Its stanzas still carried DamonoAos signature of brevity yet rich with ideas, until it practically moved in the readersAo mind.
The mood is quite playful as it draws our attention to something Damono used abstract scene and fictional action to strengthen the atmosphere and the so-called characters of the poem.
At the end of the poem, he even did not forget to add a distinct statement that perfectly described the selfishness but innocent manner of a child and declared this awesome tribute to children in the line AoTuan, jangan kauganggu permainanku iniAo.
On the contrary, the child in the translated version seems to turn into a wellmannered, educated and charming one.
The poem becomes more beautiful and wellfurnished, rather than plain and honest like the way Damono presented the original transparently, by letting the readers know it just the way it was.
It is because the poem is conceded melodious words and expression like Aoundefeated by the waves, becomes a birdAo.
Aowhose cries open flower blooms in the forestAo.
Certainly, it was a very suitable translation for the poem but it also inevitably changed the tone and mood of the poem into something less adventurous and careless.
The readers will also still feel the playful mood of the poem drawn in its simple beauty of a childAos world, but in the end, again, we will meet a quite matured child who politely asks:
AuExcuse me.
Sir, leave this game of mine alone.
Ay Its Diction In the poem In the Hands of Children, the readers are introduced with the world of fantasy when paper can turn into a magical ship and bird.
The use of paper as a metaphor of something that can become any possible pieces of arts fits well with the title and the theme of the poem.
Damono also used Sinbad, a well-known adventurous character, to picture the colorful world of children, but in contrast also compared their sincere faith with words of God in Holy Book.
At the end, the children asked for letting them play Aotheir gameAo in an honest and untarnished way.
It is a very smooth strategy to drive the readers into the wonder Volume 2 No.
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of childrenAos dream as it is also employed to ensure them to be satisfied with it by only watching the children.
In the translated version.
McGlynn wisely translated the diction as simple as the original one.
DamonoAos choice of words perfectly fulfills the purpose of the poem.
Even with the simplicity and boldness of those words, they are capable to form a kind of art to the By translating it exactly like the original poem.
McGlynn gave his readers the essential charm of DamonoAos style embellished with his own style in transforming an art.
DISCUSSION
After examining the resulting findings, the researchers come to a conclusion in compliance with the changing features taking place during the translation process.
It is true that every poem will have a distinctive result and problems, but the researchers found some tendency on parts when the poem usually altered during the translation process.
To make it more comprehensible, the researchers explained it based on features discussed in the findings.
The first feature discussed in every beginning of analysis is theme.
It is because the theme is the core idea that forms a poem.
Therefore it is important for the researchers to discuss it from the very beginning.
The theme evidently also becomes an important determinant of the analysis, since when it is reinterpreted and changed during the translation process, the readers will get an entirely different poem.
In this case.
McGlynn is fairly precise in capturing the soul of DamonoAos three poems.
He managed to translate the idea of each poem without losing the touch of art contained by its diction.
However, even when a great job was done, there were some differences that can still be found in terms of understanding the The difficulty usually occurs in the morphological level seen from stylistic viewpoint, words or diction that should be translated.
For example, the word AoterbaringAo in a poem entitled December Poem was translated into AoslouchesAo, whereas according to the researchers it has another possible English word as its translation, i.
Aolay downAo.
Because of the changing of the previous aspects, consequently the poemAos theme may also slightly change, as what happened to the first selected poem, in which the theme changed into a heavier The changing of theme consequently influences the poemsAo tone and mood.
The tone is the poetAos feeling that is captured by the readers when they read the poem, while the mood is the feeling that the readers get after reading the poem.
Those experiences are very personal and impossible to be theoretically defined.
The capability of a translator in translating feeling should be exceptional.
a fair knowledge of sources of language and cultural understanding are needed to perform a high quality translation.
In delivering the tone and mood to the readers, the translator should preserve the atmosphere of the poem, while actually everyone might have different interpretation about it.
By understanding the background of the poem and the poet, the translator will be able to comprehend the soul of the poem and transfer it to the target language as closely as possible.
The translator should also be very careful in forming the translated version, since the translatorAos own style might AoaccidentallyAo merge with the result and illuminate the poem into a new one with the same basic idea.
KLAUSA: Kajian Linguistik.
Pembalajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra | 25 Diction is essentially the key whether the translation process functions smoothly or A different choice of words will create a different effect to the reader and then bias another meaning, for instance, the word AostatelyAo in After Accompanying the Body.
This word gives a rather big difference on the translated poem, leading to the change of tone and mood.
Another important matter is about translating the figurative expression into the target The divergence of culture and pattern of speech sometimes make the expression impossible to transfer as naturally as the origin.
Here.
McGlynn should decide wisely to keep the expression as in In the Hands of Children when Aobird cries open flower blooms in the forest, or finding an equal one in After Accompanying the Body with AoAugustAos daysAo.
Apart from the preceding three features, the easiest feature to preserve is imagery, since it particularly explains the action or events felt by human senses, thatAos why the poem translation will not really change.
As long as what should be heard will not change to something to touch, the translation will be considered successful.
Indeed, the diction will influence the effect captured by the readers, but it will not change the entire meaning of the McGlynnAos previous three translated poems have partly preserved the imagery of the original poems.
From those explanations.
McGlynn apparently could not definitely leave out his style in transforming DamonoAos poems.
He has a more gentle and elegant style in terms of writing Because of that, the bluntness of DamonoAos style was occasionally not well transferred in the translation.
McGlynn sometimes also failed in finding appropriate and equivalent words.
It is one of the biggest factors why the poemAos meaning and the poetAos style alter after the poems are translated to the target language.
On the other hand.
McGlynn had an excellent skill in translating the situation of the scene of the poem.
He had a more structured style in making a poem than Damono who tended to focus the idea in concise sentences and expressions.
It makes the lines easier to understand, especially for foreigners who are not acquainted with DamonoAos style.
He could understand the characteristics of DamonoAos imagery very well and almost always translated it as powerfully and beautifully as the original poems.
His elegant ways in forming sentences and expressions can add the aesthetic side of DamonoAos bluntness and simplicity, which is sometimes less compelling for Western taste.
His exceptional skill can be seen in the first two stanzas of After Accompanying the Body and the first stanza of In the Hands of Children.
CONCLUSION
There have been two main points to discuss in this paper, i.
whether the features of the poems are successfully preserved after the translation process and whether there are some differences in terms of style and meaning in the translation results of the poems.
The findings and discussion prove that both questions have been successfully answered.
The following points will elaborate those answers.
Firstly.
McGlynnAos translated poems experienced some changes in terms of their tone, mood, and theme.
It is because those features are abstract, so that the translator is expected to capture the soul of the poem in order to succeed in transforming and delivering them The differences in structure and sentence pattern can also change the impression of Volume 2 No.
2018 | 26
the poem, and then create a different mood as well as theme.
Diction was also often changed, because McGlynn should find an appropriate word in the same level, so that the tone and mood of the poem do not change.
It is very difficult because it is often inevitable when he needed to preserve the beauty of the poem.
To add, imagery is a feature that can be easily preserved when the translation takes place, because it is mostly practical and factual for it deals with human senses.
The difference occurred in terms of effect levels and intensity felt by the readers.
Secondly, in terms of style, the powerful simplicity and brevity of DamonoAos style of poems and the elegant structured lines of McGlynnAos versions created two different unique styles of poems.
McGlynnAos translated versions were blunt and brief, yet beautiful and classy.
However, it was found that those different styles did not really change the entire meanings of the poems.
They only suggested different layers of possible interpretations and distinct characteristics, since McGlynnAos own ideas and interpretation were also involved in the process of translation.
To add, the features that were too difficult to preserve in the translation process are particularly inner structure, i.
theme, tone, and mood.
Literary devices such as diction and imagery are more easily preserved.
There were also changes in terms of style between the translated versions and the original ones that slightly influenced the change of the poemsAo
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