PROCEEDING
The Future is Now: Adaptation to the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Al Ghazali Internasional Conference e-issn.
THE EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF
PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.
) USING TABLE MODEL DFT HYDROPONICS
Sapto Wibowo1.
Dwi Ari Cahyani2 Program Studi Agroindustri Politeknik Banjarnegara Email: sapto_wbw@yahoo.
ABSTRACT
Plant spacing that is too close in hydroponics can cause competition between plants to obtain nutrients to be high, thus affecting plant growth and production.
This can be overcome by regulating plant density or plant spacing.
The research method used three plant density treatments, namely D1 .
D2 .
, and D3 .
The measurement results of the three treatments, which included plant height, number of leaves, and plant weight, were compared to determine the differences using one way ANOVA at a 5% level, and if the results were significantly different then continued with the BNJ test at a 5% level.
The results showed that there was no significant difference in average plant height in D1.
D2, and D3.
There was a significant difference in the average number of leaves in the three treatments, and there was a significant difference in the average plant weight between D1 and D3.
The average results of plant height, number of leaves, and plant weight in D3 had the best effect on the growth and production of pakcoy plants.
Keywords: Plant density.
Pakcoy.
Growth.
Production Introduction Hydroponics is a modern farming option due to limited agricultural land, especially in urban areas, and can be done all year round.
Hydroponics is also clean, environmentally friendly and practical to maintain (Halim, 2.
Meanwhile.
Susilawati .
stated that hydroponics is the agricultural system of the future, which does not require a large area and does not have to be planted on land because it does not use soil as a growing medium.
Under the same conditions, the growth rate of hydroponic plants is 50% faster compared to plants grown in the field, because with hydroponics the plants directly absorb nutrients from the nutrient solution.
Hydroponic plants can grow clean, healthy and strong.
DFT (Deep Flow Techniqu.
is a hydroponic method where the nutrient solution is applied about 4-6 cm and deeper than the NFT which circulates for 24 hours and the plant roots are in the nutrient layer, so that if the electricity goes out the nutrient solution is still available for the plant (Suryani, 2.
According to Wibowo .
DFT is a hydroponic method with a nutrient layer height of 3-4 cm, and the table model is one of the preferred models because it PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1.
Desember 2024
PROCEEDING
The Future is Now: Adaptation to the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Al Ghazali Internasional Conference e-issn.
has aesthetic value and is easy to make.
This model looks like a table with a one-plane nutrient solution delivery system.
Furthermore.
Yusra et al.
said that plant roots are in a pool of circulating nutrient solution 3-4 cm thick, so that if the pump stops, the plant roots can still utilize the existing nutrient solution.
Pakcoy is a vegetable plant that is currently popular for cultivation in Indonesia using the hydroponic method, has the characteristics of fibrous roots, short stems, green and wide leaves, does not rot quickly, and can be planted in the lowlands.
Pakcoy harvest can be done 2030 days after planting (Susilawati, 2.
Referring to Susilo .
, pakcoy is included in the Brassicaceae family and is often called spoon mustard greens because the leaves are spoon-like and have short stems, or sweet mustard greens because the leaves taste sweet, and can be harvested at 30-35 days after planting.
Plant density, which is characterized by plant spacing that is too tight in the cultivation of pakcoy plants, causes competition between plants in receiving sunlight to be high.
On the other hand, plant spacing that is too large causes the population of plants per area to be small (Sodikin et al.
, 2.
In tabletop DFT hydroponics, plant spacing that is too close not only affects the receipt of sunlight, but also affects the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient Sodikin et al.
have conducted research on the effect of pakcoy population density but using a floating raft hydroponics system, while using table model DFT hydroponics has never been carried out.
Therefore, in this research we will study the effect of pakcoy plant population density using table model DFT hydroponics.
Literature Review and Hypothesis Development Several studies have been conducted on the effect of planting distance on the growth and yield of pak choy plants both in the field and hydroponically.
Irawati et al.
conducted research on the use of types of mulch and plant spacing patterns on the growth and production of pakcoy, and the results showed that the best treatment was a plant spacing pattern of 20 cm x 20 cm combined with the use of black and silver plastic mulch.
Research by Alfandi et al.
regarding the effect of the combination of planting distance and seedling age on the growth and yield of pakcoy plants, recommends that pakcoy yields increase with seedling age of 14 days and planting distance of 10 cm x 15 cm.
PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1.
Desember 2024
PROCEEDING
The Future is Now: Adaptation to the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Al Ghazali Internasional Conference e-issn.
Wangge & Benu .
conducted research on the effect of planting distance on the growth and yield of pakcoy mustard greens, showing that using a planting distance of 20 cm x 20 cm had a very significant effect on plant growth and yield.
Research by Manalu & Sugito .
on the effect of vermicompost fertilizer dosage and planting distance on the growth and yield of pakcoy plants shows that the highest results were obtained at a vermicompost fertilizer dosage of 15 t.
ha-1 with a planting distance of 25 cm x 25 cm.
Susilo .
said that the distance between planting holes in hydroponic mustard cultivation is 25 cm x 25 cm.
Research by Harun et al.
regarding the productivity of pak choy plants using a hydroponic floating raft system with a planting distance of 20 cm x 15 cm .
producing a fresh weight of 164 g.
The aim of this research is to determine the effect of pakchoy plant population density using table model DFT hydroponics on plant growth and production.
Research Method The research was carried out in a greenhouse at the Banjarnegara Polytechnic.
The research period is from April 2024 to June 2024.
This research uses three table model DFT hydroponic kits for plant density D1.
D2, and D3, netpots made of plastic cups, measuring cups, plastic trays, buckets, dippers, soldering iron, electric cables, ruler.
TDS meter, pH meter.
DO meter, and digital scales.
The materials used are pakcoy seeds, rockwool, husk charcoal.
AB mix, and water.
The data measured in this study were plant height .
and number of leaves .
once a week for each treatment, plant density D1.
D2, and D3, as well as plant weight .
at In addition, the concentration, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) content of the nutrient solution are measured once a week.
The results of measuring plant height, number of leaves, and fruit weight in plant density treatments D1.
D2, and D3 were compared to determine any differences using one way ANOVA with a level of 5%.
If the results are significantly different then continue with the BNJ test at the 5% level (Hartono, 2.
The hypothesis used is that there are no significant differences in plant height, number of leaves, and plant weight in the three plant density (H.
treatments and there are significant differences in plant height, number of leaves, and plant weight in the three plant density (H.
treatments (Hasan, 2.
PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1.
Desember 2024
PROCEEDING
The Future is Now: Adaptation to the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Al Ghazali Internasional Conference e-issn.
Figure 1.
Table model DFT hydroponics .
side view, and .
isometric view (Wibowo, 2.
Information:
Plant density D1 Plant density D2 3 Plant density D3 Nutrient tank Water Figure 2.
Research installation layout Discussion Data Uniformity The table model DFT hydroponic construction used in this research uses five pipe lines, which are hereinafter referred to as subgroups .
Data on average plant height, number of leaves, and plant weight at harvest were tested to determine uniformity in the densities of D1.
D2, and D3.
The average plant height, number of leaves and plant weight are in the uniform category if they are between BKA (Upper Control Limi.
and BKB (Lower Control Limi.
According to (Heldayani & Yuamita, 2.
BKA and BKB can be calculated using the equation:
BKA = xI kE a.
BKB = xI Oe kE a.
PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1.
Desember 2024
PROCEEDING
The Future is Now: Adaptation to the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Al Ghazali Internasional Conference e-issn.
Information:
xI = average plant height, number of leaves, and plant weight E = deviation standard k = level of trust The results of data uniformity test calculations are presented in Table 1.
Table 1.
Data uniformity test results Parameter Plant Number of leaves Plant Plant Density Subgroup average .
114,8 113,3 112,0 111,3 Average STD
1,487
0,712
1,430
0,926
0,818
12,647
13,103
10,107
BKA
BKB
Information Information: U=Uniform.
NU=Not Uniform Based on Table 1, it shows that the data on plant height, number of leaves, and plant weight at D1 density results are not uniform, especially in the 3rd and 4th subgroups .
This means that the growth and production of pakcoy plants at D1 density .
lanting distance 12 cm x 25 c.
is not uniform.
This non-uniformity is caused by plant spacing that is too close, resulting in very large competition between plants to obtain nutrients.
On the other hand, looser plant spacing will reduce competition between plants in their growth, so that growth and production are also uniform.
Nutrient Solution In hydroponic plant cultivation, the nutrient solution is one of the factors that influences plant growth, especially those related to the concentration, temperature and pH of the nutrient These three parameters are measured once a week and the measurement results are presented in Table 2.
Table 2.
Concentration, temperature, and pH of the nutrient solution on plant density Weeks Concentration .
Temperature .
C) Concentration .
Temperature .
C) Concentration .
PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1.
Desember 2024 Temperature .
C) PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Average e-issn.
The concentration of the nutrient solution shows the level of nutrient content in the The measurement results of the average nutrient solution concentration for D1 density were 1162 ppm, for D2 it was 1307 ppm, and for D3 it was 1312 ppm (Table .
According to Bayu .
the concentration of nutrient solution for pakcoy plants is 1050-1400 ppm.
Thus, the average concentration of the nutrient solution at the three densities is correct.
Temperature affects the pH of the nutrient solution.
The measurement results (Table .
show that the average pH of the nutrient solution is greater if the average temperature of the nutrient solution is lower/smaller.
According to Sutiyoso .
that a pH of 5.
5 is a good degree of acidity for plant growth in hydroponic cultivation.
The average pH measurement results of the nutrient solution at density D1 is 5.
8, density D2 is 6.
0, and density D3 is 6.
This shows that the pH of the nutrient solution at these three densities is good for plant growth.
Plant growth and production Plant growth can be determined by measuring plant height and number of leaves once a week, while plant weight is measured at harvest.
The average results of plant growth and production measurements are presented in Table 3.
Table 3.
Average results of plant growth and production measurements Weeks 5 .
Weeks 5 .
Weeks 5 .
Plant height .
at density Number of leaves .
in density Plant weight .
at density PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1.
Desember 2024
PROCEEDING
The Future is Now: Adaptation to the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Al Ghazali Internasional Conference e-issn.
The best average plant height, number of leaves and plant weight was at D3 density, while the lowest was at D1 density.
The closer the planting distance, the smaller the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in the nutrient solution, which causes plant roots to be less able to absorb This is confirmed by the results of DO content measurements as presented in Table 4.
The average DO content at density D1 is the smallest, so it affects the ability of plant roots to absorb nutrients, which in turn affects plant growth.
Dewi cit Dharmayanti et al.
stated that lack of oxygen .
can affect plant growth and production because in hydroponics the dissolved oxygen content is very important for plants.
Table 4.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) content Weeks 10,89 10,30 10,72 10,90 11,15 10,79 Average DO content .
at density 10,84 10,80 11,10 10,84 11,13 10,94 10,92 10,89 10,91 11,16 11,15 11,01 ANOVA test The results of measuring plant height, number of leaves, and weight of Pakcoy plants at densities D1.
D2, and D3 were compared using the One Way ANOVA test at the 5% level, and continued with the BNJ (Tukey's HSD) test if the results were significantly different.
This is to determine the influence of these three variables and the results are presented in Table 5.
Table 5.
One Way ANOVA test results at 5% level Parameter Plant height
F-count
5,941
Number of leaves 84,355 Plant weight
47,838
F-table Information 3,545 F-count > F-table Thus.
H1 is accepted, meaning that plant
3,545
density influences plant height, number of 3,545 leaves, and weight of pakcoy plants Post-ANOVA analysis According to Hartono .
, post-ANOVA analysis can be carried out using the BNJ test (Tukey's HSD), with the aim of finding out which plant densities are different and have an PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1.
Desember 2024
PROCEEDING
Al Ghazali Internasional Conference The Future is Now: Adaptation to the WorldAos Emerging Technologies e-issn.
influence on plant height, number of leaves, or plant weight, and the results are presented in Table 6.
Table 6.
Average differences between plant densities Plant height (HSD = 3,.
Number of leaves (HSD = 3,.
Plant density Plant weight (HSD = 34,.
Plant density Note: there is a significant difference if the average difference is > HSD Plant density The results of post-ANOVA analysis showed that there was no significant difference in average plant height in plant density D1.
D2, and D3.
Meanwhile, in the average number of leaves, there was a significant difference between the density of D1 plants and the density of D2 and D3 plants.
Furthermore, in the average plant weight, there was a significant difference between the density of D1 plants and the density of D3 plants.
The average results of plant height, number of leaves and plant weight at plant density D1 were the lowest when compared with D2 and D3, and the highest was at plant density D3.
Thus.
D3 plant density has the best effect on the growth and production of pakcoy plants.
Conclusion The results showed that there was no significant difference in average plant height at plant densities D1.
D2, and D3, and there was a significant difference in the average number of leaves between plant densities D1 and plant densities D2 and D3, while on average There was a significant difference in average plant weight between D1 plant density and D3 plant density.
The average results of plant height, number of leaves and plant weight at plant density D1 were the lowest when compared with D2 and D3, and the highest was at plant density D3.
D3 plant density has the best effect on the growth and production of pakcoy plants.
PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1.
Desember 2024
PROCEEDING
Al Ghazali Internasional Conference The Future is Now: Adaptation to the WorldAos Emerging Technologies e-issn.
Bibliography