Salasika INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF GENDER.
WOMEN,
CHILD.
AND SOCIAL INCLUSION'S STUDIES
VOLUME 8.
NUMBER 1 Ae JUNE 2025 Table of Content Id.
Ego, and Superego in This Earth of Mankind Novel:
A psychoanalytic feminist content analysis Arif Nugroho.
Fitriya Dessi Wulandari.
Nety.
Dian Muhammad Rifai The Profession of Female Non-Judicial Mediators in Gender Mainstreaming in District Courts on The Island of Java Hayu Lusianawati.
Dessy Sunarsi The Struggles of Women Ad-Hoc Workers in General Elections amid Risks Oktafiani Catur Pratiwi.
Bowo Sugiarto The Role of Gender in Job Crafting and Perceptions of Meaningful Work among Employees of PT X in Jakarta Yohana Dian Anugrah.
Arianti Ina Restiani Hunga.
Sutarto Wijono Eradicating the Three Deadly Sins: Bullying, sexual violence, and intolerance in inclusive education in Banyumas Regency Aan Desta Riani.
Edy Suyanto.
Tyas Retno Wulan.
Tri Wuryaningsih.
Muhamad Riza Chamadi Editorial Team
CHIEF EDITORS
Arianti Ina Restiani Hunga.
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
Indonesia (Scopus ID: 46161114400.
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1627-2353.
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Google Schola.
Dewi Candraningrum.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Indonesia (Scopus ID: 59003567500.
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4522-2374.
SINTA ID: 6768126.
Google Schola.
BOARD OF EDITORS Claudia Derichs.
Humboldt Universityt zu Berlin.
Germany (Scopus ID: 14026487.
Ida Sabelis.
North-West University (NWU).
South Africa (Scopus ID: 6507181398.
Google Schola.
Siti Kusujiarti.
Warren Wilson College.
USA (Scopus ID: 56276925.
Ratna Saptari.
Leiden University.
The Netherlands (Scopus ID: 6504610.
Sylvia Tiwon.
University of California.
USA (Scopus ID: 6506468.
Emy Susanti.
Universitas Airlangga.
Indonesia (Scopus ID: 57213142220.
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Keppi Sukesi.
Brawijaya University.
Indonesia (Scopus ID: 56025803300.
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Kristi Poerwandari.
University of Indonesia.
Indonesia (Scopus ID: 25628305200.
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Willemijn de Jong.
University of Zurich.
Switzerland (Scopus ID: 55258294.
Lyn Parker.
The University of Western Australia.
Australia (Scopus ID: 56273266.
TECHNICAL EDITORS Indriretno Setyaningrahayu.
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
Indonesia (Google Schola.
Daniel Kurniawan.
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
Salatiga.
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Universitas Mulawarman.
Indonesia (Scopus ID: 57223402854.
Orcid: https://orcid.
org/0000-0003-1093-810X.
ID Sinta: 5990865.
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Agustinus Fritz Wijaya.
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
Indonesia (Scopus ID: 56461093400.
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Rustina Untari.
Universitas Katolik Soegijaprana.
Semarang.
Indonesia Stefanus Perangin-Angin.
Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak - Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
Indonesia (Google Schola.
Welhelmina Maria Yuniaputri Hailitik.
Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
Salatiga.
Indonesia
REVIEWERS
Elisabet Titik Murtisari.
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
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Asfa Widiyanto.
IAIN Salatiga.
Indonesia (Scopus ID: 56451676900.
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Gadjah Mada University.
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Farah Purwaningrum.
The University of Sydney.
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Alimatul Qibtiyah.
Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University.
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Tyas Retno Wulan.
The Jenderal Soedirman University.
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State University of Jakarta.
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Ira Desiawanti Mangiliko,The Artha Wacana Christian University.
Indonesia Keiko Hirano.
Ochanomizu University.
Jepang (Orcid: https://orcid.
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Anik Yuesti.
Universitas Mahasaraswati.
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Nurdiana Gaus.
STIKS Tamalanre Makassar.
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Yacinta Kurniasih.
Monash University.
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Yafet Yosafet Wilben Rissy.
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
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The Profession of Female Non-Judicial Mediators A (Lusianawati & Sunars.
The Profession of Female Non-Judicial Mediators in Gender Mainstreaming in District Courts on The Island of Java Hayu Lusianawati1.
Dessy Sunarsi2 Faculty of Communication Sciences.
Sahid University.
Jakarta.
Indonesia Faculty of Law.
Sahid University.
Jakarta.
Indonesia Correspondence email: hayu_lusianawati@usahid.
ABSTRACT
Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No.
1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Courts stipulates that all civil disputes in the First Instance Court must first be resolved through peace with the assistance of a mediator.
The success of mediation in District Courts in Java is supported by certified non-judge mediators.
Female non-judge mediators have the same role as male non-judge mediators.
This study aims to analyze the role of the profession of female non-judge mediators in gender mainstreaming in District Courts in Java.
A non-judge mediator is someone who acts as a liaison between disputing parties in the justice system.
However, their role in ensuring gender equality and overcoming gender bias has not been widely This research is descriptive qualitative, supported by primary data by conducting observations and data tracing in the field.
Data were collected related to perceptions of gender equality, the challenges faced, and the practices they apply in mediation.
The results of this study indicate that female non-judge mediators have varying awareness of gender issues.
Some have taken steps to ensure equality in the mediation process, such as ensuring active participation of both parties and avoiding gender stereotypes.
However, challenges remain, including a lack of specific training on gender mainstreaming and a lack of institutional support.
This study provides recommendations to enhance the role of female non-judicial mediators in creating a more inclusive and equitable mediation environment.
More rigorous training, practice guidelines, and support from the courts as well as relevant institutions are needed to ensure that female non-judicial mediators can effectively promote gender equality in the mediation process.
KEYWORDS: non-judicial mediator, mediation, gender mainstreaming, district court
INTRODUCTION
Gender .
r pengarusutamaan gender in Bahasa Indonesia, hereinafter PUG) is a process that aims to ensure that gender perspectives and needs are integrated into all aspects of evaluation of development policies and programs.
Gender mainstreaming is the public policy concept of assessing the implications for people of different genders of a planned policy action, including legislation and SALASIKA: Indonesian Journal of Gender.
Women.
Child, & Social Inclusion's Studies Vol.
8 No.
June 2025 The concept of gender mainstreaming was first proposed at the 1985 Third World Conference on Women and has subsequently been pushed in the United Nations development community.
The idea was formally featured in 1995 at the Fourth World Conference Women, and was cited in the document that resulted from the conference, the Beijing Platform for Action.
Most definitions of gender mainstreaming conform to the UN Economic Social Council Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels.
It is a strategy for making women's as well as men's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated.
The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.
reproduce the narratives of gender in a political context.
There are different approaches to gender mainstreaming: Institutional perspective: The ways in which specific organizations adopt and implement mainstreaming policies.
This will often involve an analysis of how national politics intersects with international norms and practices.
Discursive perspective: Queries the reproduces power relations through language and issue-framing.
This approach will often involve looking at documents, resolutions and peace agreements to see how they Gender equality is a goal that continues to be fought for around the world (Nations, 2.
Indonesia, gender equality is an important part of efforts to create a more just and inclusive society (Perempuan.
Annual Report, 2.
Cases of gender-based violence (GBV) are a serious issue that affects many women in Indonesia.
Various institutions, including the National Commission on Violence Against Women, have recorded and handled thousands of cases each year.
The number of cases of gender-based violence in 2021 was recorded at These necessarily competing, and can be seen as complementary.
The ways in however, can also reflect differing feminist theories.
For example, liberal feminism is strongly invoked by mainstreaming through the binary approach of gender in strict relation to the public sphere of Poststructuralist mainstreaming thought which seeks to displace gender difference as the sole axis of difference and to highlight the diversity of policy and its ramifications.
This includes efforts to ensure that women and men have equal access to and control over resources and receive equal benefits from development and decision-making at all stages of the development process (DPRD Kota Salatiga, 2.
In the context of legal case mediation, the implementation of PUG is very important to ensure that all parties, regardless of gender, receive fair and equal treatment.
The Profession of Female Non-Judicial Mediators A (Lusianawati & Sunars.
338,496.
This figure shows an increase from the previous year, which amounted to 226,062 cases (Perempuan, 2.
The National Commission for Women received an average of 12 complaints per day, with 75% or 3,303 cases, being gender-based violence, and 2,213 cases .
%) having been responded This shows that most of the reported cases received attention Although successfully resolved, there are still challenges in resolving gender-based Only around 15% of the total cases recorded by service National Commission for Women received sufficient information to be followed In addition, efforts to resolve them were more often carried out legally .
%) than non-legally .
%).
The gender-based violence cases that can be resolved is quite significant, with many cases receiving attention and resolution efforts from various institutions.
Mediation non-judicial resolution play an important role in resolving these cases.
However, challenges remain in obtaining sufficient information and selecting Continuous efforts are needed to gender-based cases in Indonesia.
One of the arenas that plays a crucial role in achieving this equality is the justice system.
The District Court is the first instance court responsible for examining, deciding, and resolving criminal and civil cases for people seeking justice, including criminal cases, traffic violations, and other cases stipulated by law.
PERMA Number 1 of 2016 requires that a mediation process be carried out first before the case in question is tried by a judge (JDIH.
id, 2.
In resolving a case, the District Court has both judge mediators and nonjudge mediators, whose job is to facilitate the mediation process between the disputing parties.
Both must have mediator certification and These non-judge mediators act as liaisons, helping to find solutions that benefit both parties and reduce the burden on formal courts.
However, their role in addressing gender bias has not been widely explored.
Mediation is an ongoing peace process conducted between the disputing parties and assisted in its (Abdurrasyid, 2.
A mediator is a neutral party who assists the parties in the negotiation process to explore various possibilities for resolving the agreement (Ompusungu, 2.
The mediator brings the two parties provides understanding to the parties (Dewi, 2.
Institutions that mediate within the judiciary are expected to expand access for parties to obtain a sense of justice, function of the court institution, and examined and decided by judges.
gender-based disputes, the role of non-judge mediators is very important to SALASIKA: Indonesian Journal of Gender.
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The mediation process by a nonjudge mediator acts as a neutral third party who stands in the middle with the disputing parties.
They are tasked with helping the parties find an agreement that satisfies all parties involved (Pa.
Pangkal Pinang.
The mediator must have good communication skills and the ability to understand the hidden interests of the parties (Zahid Ahmad, 2.
The mediation process consists of several stages that must be passed through by a non-judge mediator.
Starting the mediation process: the mediator begins by introducing explanation of the objectives and rules of the mediation.
Formulating problems and preparing an agenda: the mediator helps the parties formulate the problems faced and prepare an agenda for .
a-kudus.
Revealing hidden interests:
hidden interests of the parties to understand their motivations .
id, 2.
Generating dispute resolution options:
the mediator encourages the possible resolution options.
Analyzing dispute resolution options:
the mediator helps the parties analyze the available options and assess their advantages and Negotiation and diplomacy: the mediator facilitates the process Reaching a formal agreement: if an mediator helps formulate a written agreement for both parties to sign.
The mediation offers several advantages, namely a win-win solution, meaning that the dispute can be resolved in a way that satisfies all parties.
time and cost efficiency, as the mediation process is usually faster and less expensive than the court process.
relationships between the disputing Although mediation has many challenges and obstacles that must non-judge mediators, such as the duration of the process, which takes quite a long time especially when there are many cases to resolve.
The final stage of mediation is that the mediator must uphold high ethical standards and integrity in carrying out their duties.
They must be able to maintain the obtained during the mediation process and must not side with either party .
id, 2.
Several cases in the last three The case of Mbah Minto in Demak, which reflects legal injustice in a country governed by law.
In this case, an elderly woman named Mbah Minto, who lived in Demak.
Central Java, was suspected of stabbing a woman named Marjani.
Marjani had initially been accused of stealing fish from Suhada's pond.
However, the local community considered the verdict against Mbah Minto to be unfair until The Profession of Female Non-Judicial Mediators A (Lusianawati & Sunars.
the case eventually went viral (Tirto.
Cases of violence against women:
District Courts and Religious Courts in Indonesia handle many such cases.
In 2020, there were 291,677 cases of violence against women handled by the courts (Women.
Annual Notes 2020: Fact Sheet and Key Points, .
Sexual violence cases resolved in court often involve victims who sexual violence before finally reporting it to the authorities ((IJRS), 2.
The case of Herry Wirawan, who was sentenced to death by a Bandung High Court judge for (BBC.
To optimize the success of mediation in cases such as those above, the District Court in Java has empowered non-judge mediators.
This step is crucial given the limited number of judges, and the large, diverse number of cases handled, including both civil and criminal To become a non-judge mediator in Indonesia, several requirements must be fulfilled to non-judge Prospective non-judge mediators must attend mediator certification training organized by an institution accredited by the Supreme Court.
The training includes materials on mediation, communication skills, ethics, and mediation procedures.
After prospective non-judge mediators must take a certification exam, which tests their understanding of mediation concepts and practical skills in facilitating mediation.
Upon non-judge mediators will receive a mediator certificate, which allows them to practice as mediators in court.
Some How non-judge issues and gender equality? Are they aware of the importance of avoiding gender stereotypes in mediation? What challenges do non-judge mediators face in creating an equal mediation environment? In this context, this study aims to analyze the role of the non-judge mediator profession in creating gender mainstreaming in the District Court environment in Java.
Some aspects that will be explored include non-judge mediators' perceptions of gender mainstreaming, the practices they apply in mediation, and the challenges they face.
This study is expected to provide insights for policy makers and legal practitioners on how the non-judge mediator profession can promote gender equality in the mediation process more effectively.
Improved training, practice guidelines, and institutional support can serve as recommendactions for creating a mediation environment.
Thus, the study holds significant relevance in the context of justice and the pursuit of gender mainstreaming.
METHODS
This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach.
This research approach is used to understand and explore social phenomena, human behavior, and the experiences of research subjects through a more in- SALASIKA: Indonesian Journal of Gender.
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Data collection was carried out through observation, by directly observing the mediation process conducted by non-judge mediators to understand two-way communication that occur during The method is documentation tracing, analyzing relevant documents such as mediation reports, laws and policies related to gender equality, scientific publications, and other document analysis and interviews.
Data analysis in this study uses an inductive approach to develop concepts based on the data obtained, particularly in relation to gender mainstreaming and gender equality.
Gender equality refers to full equality between men and women in enjoying political, economic, civil, social, and cultural rights.
The concept of gender equality seeks to understand and explain how equality in dispute or case mediation can be achieved and maintained across various aspects.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results Non-judge mediators play an important role in handling cases related to gender equality in Java.
Research shows that these mediators not only function as mediators in conflicts, but also as agents of change who help educate the community about gender issues.
Table 1.
Data on the number of District Court Mediators in Java Name of District Court PN Jakarta Pusat PN Jakarta Selatan PN Jakarta Timur PN Jakarta Barat PN Jakarta Utara PN Tangerang PN Bandung PN Bekasi PN Surabaya PN Depok PN Cibinong PN Cirebon PN Boyolali PN Brebes PN Bantul PN Rangkasbitung PN Kuningan PN Banyumas PN Probolingo Number of Judge Mediators Number of Non-Judge Mediators Source: Data processed by researchers from 19 PN.
Respondents (Sunarsi, 2.
The Profession of Female Non-Judicial Mediators A (Lusianawati & Sunars.
Since 2022, with the enactment of PERMA No.
3 of 2022 concerning Electronic Mediation in Court, the scope of mediation in Court has manualAi conventional methodsAito virtual This change is an effort by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia to organize a faster, cheaper, simpler judicial process system and of course optimize the use of information and communication technology so that a more modern mediation system transformation is created.
The regulations regarding the mediation process that have been regulated apply in the litigation process both in General Courts and in Religious Courts.
The table above shows that the highest number of female non-judge mediators is found in the Central Jakarta District Court, with 19 female and 10 male non-judge mediators.
The second highest is in the Bekasi District Court, which has 6 female non-judge mediators and 49 male non-judge mediators.
The third highest number is in the Tangerang and Bandung District Courts, each with 5 female non-judge mediators.
This trend reflects the competitive advantage and strong potential of female non-judge mediators to serve as agents of gender mainstreaming.
In particular, female non-judge mediators at the Central Jakarta District Court have demonstrated effectiveness in resolving various cases, including divorce and other mediators possess the competitive advantages:
The profession of female nonjudge mediators has a strong sensitivity to gender and cultural Female mediators are often highly attuned to local contexts, which can increase community acceptance of the mediation process they lead.
This sensitivity enables them to adopt a more holistic approach to case resolution, ensuring that all parties feel heard and understood .
id, 2.
In womenAos representation, female non-judge mediators can amplify the voices of women and children during the mediation process, ensuring their needs and rights are fairly This is vital for conflict resolution.
In doing so, they not only resolve cases but also empower women to actively participate in decision-making.
Discussion .
Non-judge mediatorsAo ability to psychological aspects is a key Especially those with backgrounds in psychology or dimensions of divorce cases.
They help parties communicate more openly, find common ground, and arrive at mutually .
mainstreaming, both male and non-judge .
Female non-judge mediators are often efficient and effective in resolving cases.
The mediation SALASIKA: Indonesian Journal of Gender.
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Female non-judge mediators also help maintain good relations between disputing parties while confidential mediation setting and the absence of imposed judgements allow parties to reach mutually beneficial and legally .
a-kuningan.
The involvement of female nonjudge mediators in promoting gender mainstreaming increases womenAos participation in conflict resolution , which has been shown to improve the likelihood of achieving lasting peace.
It is stated in the report .
id, 2.
that in past two years, the role of women in conflict resolution has increased the probability of peace by 20%, and over the past 15 years, the probability has reached 35%.
This indicates that the presence of women in mediation process can have a significant positive impact.
The seventh advantage is that female mediators serve as role models for local women, encouraging them to engage in peacebuilding activities.
They play a key role in negotiation, diplomacy, demobilizationAiall of which are essential for sustainable peace .
id, 2.
With these advantages, female non-judge mediators are not only effective in resolving cases but also contribute womenAos empowerment in Indonesia.
On the other hand.
District CourtsAinamely West Jakarta.
North Jakarta.
Surabaya.
Depok, and BoyolaliAido not have any female non-judge This situation reflects the challenges that female non-judge mediators in Indonesia, including in Central Java, face.
The following factors contribute to this lack of .
The existence of deep-rooted gender Societal perceptions rational, strong, and assertive, while women are considered emotional, weak, and sensitive.
These undermine womenAos confidence and discourage them from pursuing professional roles that demand assertiveness and quick decision-making.
As a result, many unwelcome in this field .
Lack of support and opportunities from families and institutions.
Women education and training required to become mediators.
Without governmental support, many women may feel inhibited from pursuing this career.
In addition, the limited number of female role models in this field can also reduce the motivation for other women to get involved.
Family responsibilities.
In many cultures, including Indonesia.
The Profession of Female Non-Judicial Mediators A (Lusianawati & Sunars.
women are typically assigned greater domestic responsibilities than men.
These obligations can restrict the time and energy available for a demanding career like mediation, which requires Inequality in household task distribution exacerbates these .
Societal perceptions of womenAos roles.
Traditional views often restrict women to certain domestic or When considered Aumasculine,Ay such as mediation, they may encounter societal resistance or stigma that discourage them from getting Finally, the absence of non-judge mediators in some District Courts may also be due to a lack of awareness about the importance of mediation itself.
Many individuals, understand the significant role mediators play in conflict resolution, especially regarding gender-related Without women may not view mediation as a desirable or viable career choice.
Considering these challenges, it is essential to develop programs and participation in the non-judge mediation profession and increase importance of gender equality in all aspects of life, including this field.
The implementation of gender mainstreaming in mediation by non-judge Java Mediator training: This aims to develop and understanding of gender issues and how gender bias can affect the mediation It also helps mediators recognize power dynamics that may exist between the parties involved in a case.
Preparation of gender-sensitive procedures is essential, where mediation procedures must be designed to accommodate the needs of all partiesAiincluding the provision of a safe space for women and other vulnerable groups to express their opinions.
Use of gender data and analysis:
This involves collecting and analyzing gender-based data to decisions may affect men and women differently.
Such analysis helps in formulating more inclusive and equitable policies.
Monitoring and evaluation: After implementing gender-sensitive procedures, it is important to PUG approach in mediation.
This from participants regarding their experiences in the mediation Collaboration with journalists and media: The media and journalists play an important role in promoting diversity and approach or reinforces harmful stereotypes, it can trigger further Therefore, the media must strive to create a safe space in reporting on diversity issues and ensure that their coverage does SALASIKA: Indonesian Journal of Gender.
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Strengthening womenAos Strengthening institutions such as the National Commission on Violence Against Women can support the investigation of gender-based violence and help prioritize victimsAo rights.
This step is vital to improving womenAos advancing gender equality.
CONCLUSION
The profession of female nonjudge mediators in Java has great potential to become agents of gender mainstreaming in Indonesia.
There are several ways they can contribute to achieving this goal, including integrating gender perspectives into advocating for gender-responsive policies, providing training and capacity building related to gender awareness and education around gender issues, collaborating with stakeholders, and addressing gender By adopting these roles, female non-judge mediators can serve as effective agents of gender mainstreaming in Indonesia and contribute to building a more just and gender-equal society.
REFERENCES