Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 01 No 02, 2020: 25-32 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE FOUND IN
DRACULA NOVEL BY BRAM
STOKER
Luh De Mila Noviana Putri1.
Putu Devi Maharani2.
I Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha Putra3 Mahasaraswati Denpasar University.
Bali milanoviana20@gmail.
com1, devmaharani86@gmail.
wahyumugraha1980@yahoo.
ABSTRACK
Journal History Submitted 15th November 2019 Revised 10th December 2019 Accepted 20th December 2020 Published 29th January 2020 Keywords:
Subordinate clauses.
declarative sentences.
Novel Analysis The purpose of this research is to find out the functions of subordinate clauses in Dracula novel by Bram Stoker.
The data of this study were taken from Dracula novel by Bram Stoker.
This study focused on analyzing the subordinate clauses in complex declarative sentences found in Dracula novel by Bram Stoker.
The theory used in this research is the theory by Aarts .
about types of function of subordinate clause which consist of clause functioning as subject, clause functioning as direct object, clause functioning as adjunct and clause functioning as complement within phrase and supported with theory by Quirk and SydneyAos .
theory on their book entitled a University of Grammar.
Then, to analyze the functions of subordinate clause the qualitative strategy is used.
The result of the research shows that in Dracula novel by Bram Stoker found 194 data and has a complete subordinate clause function.
They are clause functioning as subject, clause functioning as direct object, clause functioning as adjunct and clause function as complement within phrase.
INTRODUCTION
Language is important thing as a media communication.
Language is the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use words in a structured and conventional way.
There are many kinds of language in the world that be used in daily activity.
One of them is This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 International License.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 01 No 02, 2020: 25-32 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
English as an international language.
In learning English itAos really important to know about grammar.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves.
Every language in the world certainly has different structure.
According to Chaer and Agustina .
there are two kinds factors of language, those are external factor and internal factors.
external factors language are related to context, such as the various functions of language and the social situation.
Meanwhile in internal factors language is an analysis based on language structure such as syntax, vocabulary, phonology and morphology based on linguistic theory.
According to Chomsky .
syntax is the study of the principles and processes by which sentences are constructed in particular language.
Syntax has to do with how word put together to build words, how words are put together to build phrase with how phrases are put together to build Sentence is a group of word that express a complete idea and that includes a subject and verb.
According to Langan .
the basic building blocks of English sentences are subject and verb.
There are four types of sentence, there are a simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence and compound complex sentence.
Complex sentence is a sentence that consist of one main clause .
ndependent claus.
and one or more subordinate clause .
ependent claus.
According to Aarts .
1:58-.
Declarative sentence is straightest forward sentence types, this type of sentence is express a statement and consists of a subject and predicate.
Complex declarative sentence is a sentence that consist of one independent clause and one or more dependent clause that delivered in declarative form.
Clause is a unit which as a minimum consists of a verb and its complements but which may consist of a verb, its complements and its adjuncts (Miller 2002:.
an ideal clause contains a phrase referring to an action or state, a phrase or phrases referring to the people and things involved in the action or state and possibly phrase referring to place and There are two type of clause, the first is independent clause .
ain claus.
consist of subject and verb.
The second is dependent clause .
ubordinate claus.
According to Quirk et al .
subordinate clause is a part of superordinate clause or independent clause and functioning as one of its elements, or subordinate clause is a non-symmetrical relation between two clauses in such a way that one is a constituent or part of the A subordinate clause is normally introduced by subordinating conjunction, such as that, because, although, were, which and since.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 International License.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 01 No 02, 2020: 25-32 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
RESEARCH METHOD
The novel entitled Dracula by Bram Stoker is used as the data source.
This novel has 575 pages, there were 27 chapters in this novel.
Dracula novel was first published in May 1897 in the British Library but the data source in this study will use AuDraculaAy novel by Bram Stoker cover series by Stephen Andresen this cover series first published in Indonesia by PT.
Gramedia.
Dracula novel by Bram Stoker is talking about Jonathan Harker a young English lawyer travels to Transylvania to meet with his client Count Dracula in order to sell a property.
When he arrives in Transylvania, he got a terror after he arrived in Count DraculaAos castle.
This study belongs to descriptive research because it described the function of subordinate clause that found in complex declarative sentence and in collecting the data this study used qualitative method, there were three technique used in collecting the data.
They are:
Reading the Dracula novel by Bram Stoker repeatedly Note taking the data Classifying the data based on the function of subordinate clause.
To supported the analysis in this study, the writer used theory by Aarts .
, this theory is used to analyze the function of subordinate clause in complex declarative sentence.
Based on its function.
Subordinate clause can be divided into Clauses Functioning as Subject.
Direct Object.
Clauses Functioning as Adjunct and Clauses Functioning as Complements within Phrases and supported with theory by Quirk and SydneyAos .
theory on their book entitled A University of Grammar.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The theory that used to answer the problem in this study are purposed by theory Aarts .
and supported by theory Qurik and SydneyAos .
These theories explained about function of subordinate clause in complex sentence, such as clause function as subject, clause functioning as direct object, clause functioning as adjunct and clause functioning as complement within phrase.
Our finding shows there are four function of subordinate clause found in Dracula Novel by Bram Stoker, the result and analysis of subordinate clause in complex sentence based on its function can be seen below.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 International License.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 01 No 02, 2020: 25-32 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
Types of Subordinate Clause No.
Classification Data Found Clause Function as Subject Clause Function as Direct Object Clause Function as Adjunct Clause Function as Complement 52 Within Phrase Total The analysis of subordinate clause in complex declarative sentence based on its function can be seen below.
Only sixteen selected examples are presented in the discussion.
Subordinate Clause Functioning as Subject According to Aarts .
Subject (S) is normally occurs before a verb in declarative clause and after the operator in interrogative and determines the number and person where relevant with the verb and subject is normally a noun phrase or a nominal clause.
Below are some data which contain of subordinate clause function as subject.
Subordinate Clause Page What you have said of 352 him in your diary interest me so much Chapter XVi The data above is complex declarative sentences which that sentence consists of a main clause and one subordinate clauses, the subordinate clause What you have said of him in your diary occurred before the verb AuinterestAy and it can be classified as subordinate clause function as subject.
Subordinate Clause Functioning as Direct Object (DO) According to Aarts .
object (O) like a subject is a noun phrase or nominal clause and its normally follow subject and the verb phrase.
Direct This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 International License.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 01 No 02, 2020: 25-32 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
object is the constituent that refer to the verb its mean that direct object is undergo the activity or process denoted by the verb.
Subordinate clause I thought that he would be a good I noticed that Van Helsing tied a soft milk hand kerchief round her I have no doubt that he believes it She nodded in replay to show that she understood I asked if he could tell me where to find him Page Chapter Chapter V Chapter XV Chapter XXV Chapter XXII Chapter XX The data above are complex declarative sentences which each sentence consists of a main clause and one subordinate clauses.
Subordinate clause in the five data that found in Dracula Novel is indicated by the bolded words which can be classified as subordinate clause functioning as direct object because constituents that refer to entities that undergo the activity or process denoted by the verb and can be as a subject in passive sentence (Aarts:2.
The subordinate clause in data .
that he would be a good person, .
that Van Helsing tied a soft milk hand kerchief round her throat, .
that he believes it all, .
that she understood, .
if he could tell me where to find him can be as the subject through passive and the process denoted by the verb.
Therefore, those data can be classified as subordinate clause functioning as direct object.
Subordinate Clause Function as Adjunct According to Aart .
adjunct or adverbial is clause that can providing an additional information such as time, location, attitude, reasons, concession, manners or condition and are closely integrated clause Adjunct usually can be identified with when, where, since, because, and if.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 International License.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 01 No 02, 2020: 25-32 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
Subordinate clause Page Chapter It was on the dark side of twilight when we got to bstritz This could not be true, because up too then he had understood It perfectly When the Count saw my face, his eyes blazed with a short of demoniac fury I was just about to look at them when I saw the door-handle move When he went out of the room.
I could hear the key turn softly Chapter I Chapter I Chapter II Chapter i Chapter IV The data above are complex declarative sentences which each sentence consists of a main clause and one subordinate clauses.
Those bolded clauses above can be classified as subordinate clause function as Adjunct.
The subordinate clause in data .
when we got to bstritz is give the additional information of time to the main clause, the subordinate clause in data .
because up too then he had understood It perfectly is give the additional information of Reason to the main clause, the subordinate clause in data .
When the Count saw my face give the additional information of time to the main clause, the subordinate clause in data .
when I saw the door-handle move give the additional information of time to the main clause and the subordinate clause in data .
When he went out of the room also give the additional information of time to the main clause.
Those five Subordinate Clauses in the data above consider as adjunct.
They fill out the clause by adding extra circumstantial information of various kinds, ranging from time and location to the speakers attitude.
Therefore, it can be said as Clause Functioning as Adjunct.
Subordinate Clause Functioning as Complement Within Phrase According to Aarts .
Complements within Phrases give more information about the content of its associated head and becomes a clausal element of noun and it located behind the head of the phrase.
Subordinate clause Page The window at which I stood was 55 very tall This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 International License.
Chapter Chapter i Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 01 No 02, 2020: 25-32 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
There was a mocking smile on the bloated face which seemed to arrive me mad It is a mercy that we have found out his strength It was a strange thing that the patient had humor enough The count may have many houses which he has bought Chapter IV Chapter Vi Chapter IX Chapter XXII The data above are complex declarative sentences which each sentence consists of a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
Those bolded clauses above can be classified as subordinate clause function as complement within phrase.
The subordinate clause in data .
at which I stood was very tall is give more information to the noun phrase Authe windowAy and the position of the subordinate clause is behind the head of this phrase that is AuwindowAy.
The subordinate clause in data .
which seemed to arrive me mad is give more information to the phrase Authe bloated faceAy and the position of the subordinate clause is behind the head of this phrase that is Aubloated faceAy.
The subordinate clause in data .
that we have found out his strength give more information to the noun phrase Aua mercyAy and the position of the subordinate clause is behind the head of this phrase that is AumercyAy.
The subordinate clause in data .
that the patient had humor enough give more information to the noun phrase Aua strange thingAy the position of the subordinate clause is behind the head of this phrase that is Austrange thingAy and the subordinate clause in data .
which he has bought give more information to the noun phrase Aumany houseAy and the position of the subordinate clause is behind the head of this phrase that is AuhouseAy.
Those five Subordinate Clauses in the data above consider as complement within They give more information about the content of its associated head and becomes a clausal element of noun.
Therefore, it can be said as Clause Functioning as complement within phrase.
CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that there are four kinds of subordinate clauses are found in the sentences which are found in Dracula Novel by Bram Stroker.
Those are:
Subordinate Clause Functioning as Subject This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 International License.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 01 No 02, 2020: 25-32 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
There is 1 data found in Dracula novel by Bram Stoker that classified into subordinate clause functioning as subject.
Subordinate Clause Functioning as Direct Object There are 21 data found in Dracula novel by Bram Stoker that classified into subordinate clause functioning as direct object.
Subordinate Clause Functioning as Adjunct There are 120 data found in Dracula novel by Bram Stoker that classified into subordinate clause functioning as adjunct.
Subordinate Clause Functioning as Complement Within Phrase.
There are 52 data found in Dracula novel by Bram Stoker that classified into subordinate clause function as functioning as complement within phrase.
Among four function of subordinate clause, subordinate clause functioning as adjunct is the most dominant type which found in this novel.
This function became more dominant than the others due to the narration of this novel more dominant than the dialog and this novel explain more about the time, location, reasons, manners and attitude in every situation that happened in this novel.
REFERENCES