Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language Abd Aziz.
Athoillah Islamy.
Saihu STIT Al-Amin Tangerang IAIN Pekalongan Pascasarjana PTIQ JAkarta email: azizindunisi@stitalamin.
email: athoillahislamy@yahoo.
email: madesaihu@ptiq.
Abstrak Salah satu dampak dari perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, yakni terjadi pada perkembangan berbagai bahasa.
Hal ini juga yang terjadi pada berbagai terminologi dalam bahasa Arab.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan siginifikansi naht dalam pembentukan berbagai terminologi bahasa Arab modern.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang berupa kajian pustaka.
Sumber data penelitian ini, yakni berbagai literatur tentang kajian naht dalam pembentukan berbagai terminologi dalam bahasa Arab Adapun metode penelitian ini, yakni metode analisis deskripsi kualitatif.
Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa naht merupakan metode pemenggalan dan peringkasan dari dua kata atau lebih menjadi satu istilah .
Keberadaan pola naht tersebut dapat memberikan urgensi besar terkait adaptasi bahasa Arab dalam perkembangan bahasa di era global modern saat ini, yakni dapat melahirkan berbagai terminologi Arab baru.
Kata Kunci : naht, terminologi, bahasa Arab, kontemporer Abstract One of the impacts of the development of science and technology is that it occurs in the development of various languages.
This also happened to various terminology in Arabic.
This study aims to find the significance of naht in the formation of various modern Arabic This research is a qualitative research in the form of literature review.
The data source of this research is various literatures on the study of naht in the formation of various terminologies in contemporary Arabic.
The method of this research is qualitative descriptive analysis method.
This study concludes that naht is a method of decapitation and summation of two or more words into one term .
The existence of the naht pattern can provide great urgency related to the adaptation of Arabic in the development of language in the current modern global era, which can give birth to various new Arabic Keywords: naht, terminology.
Arabic, contemporary INTRODUCTION The existence of a language is one form of social reality that grows and develops in accordance with the development of the social life of its users (Latifah Salim, 2017 : .
Each language has its own characteristics and features.
This also happened in Arabic.
As one of the languages in the world.
Arabic also has its own Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157 Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language characteristics and some advantages compared with other world languages.
This can be seen, for example Arabic is a language with a strong arrangement, has a very high language barrier and has a very deep meaning.
In this case.
Arabic experts also view that Arabic is a language that is more mainstream and broader than other languages (Rahmap, 2016: 48-.
From this it can be concluded that as one of the world languages.
Arabic is a language that has high literary value.
As for the development of science and technology in the current modern era, it also influences the linguistic aspects in Arabic.
The development of science and technology has given birth to new words and terminology in Arabic (Syamsul Hadi, 2017: .
Then in response to this, how do the rules in Arabic respond.
Through this research, the author tries to explain the urgency of one of the Arabic rules called naht methods in responding to the development of science and technology that has an impact on the birth of various new terminologies in Arabic.
RESEARCH METHODS
This study aims to find the significance of naht in the formation of various modern Arabic terminologies.
This research is a qualitative research in the form of literature review.
The data source of this research is various literatures on the study of naht in the formation of various terminologies in contemporary Arabic.
The method of this research is qualitative descriptive analysis method.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Understanding Naht The word Naht consists of three letters .
nun, ha ', ta', which means to cut down something and tidy it up with iron.
Etymologically, the word naht implies sawing, sharpening, sharpening, tidying up.
While terminologically, the word naht means the taking of two words and being made into one word by taking a portion of the two words (Ahmad Ibn Faris: 328-.
Naht is a type of overview and also one form of ishtiqaq in Arabic (Devy Aisha, 2019: .
But there is a difference between naht and ishtiqaq.
The form of ishtiqaq is generally an extension of sentence While naht is a form of decapitation and summary of sentences or phrases Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban T p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157 Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language (Ibrahim Anis, 1972: 186-.
According to Rahmap, naht in classical linguistic studies is limited to certain expressions that have a high frequency of use.
addition, there are still a number of expressions which are still disputed as to their Some consider it to be the result of a formulation of two or more words, and some others see it as the original root word (Rahmap, 2016: .
From this it can be understood that the formula used by Naht is made of two or more elements after changes to the word taken.
In contrast to ishtiqaq, where the formation of ishtiqaq comes from the element of the word itself.
Naht Methods in Forming Arabic Terminology Imil Badi 'Ya'qub divides naht to classify naht into four (Imil Badi' Ya'qub:
The four intended parties are as follows.
First, al-Naht al-Nisbi, which is a person's obedience or deeds to two isim, for example in the following table.
al-Naht al-Nisbi Form
Original Form
AIOA
AEIA
AOA
AEA
AICOA
AIECOA
AIEOA
AOINEEA
AEA
AIOEA
AEIA
AIOEIA
AENNOIA
AINEOIA
AOA
AIOOIA
AEiOEIOIOECOA
AIEEOA
The acronym pattern as in the example above, it appears that the abbreviated word combines two words by removing some of the other nouns that are combined, and in the next stage the two words are converted into verbs.
Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157 Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language Second, al-Naht al-Fi'li, which is a combination of the sentence sentences someone says for that sentence.
Examples of this form are as follows:
al-Naht al-FiAoli Form
Original Form
AIEA
AIEENA
AIEA
AEINEEA
AOECA
AEOEOECOENEEA
AEA
AINEEA
AIEA
AEEIEOEIA
AOEA
AOEOEAEOEOEAEA
AIA
AIEENEA
ANOEEA
AEuNEuENEEA
AECA
AeNCEA a AEAEA Third, al-Naht al-Ismi, which is a combination of two words into a sentence in the form of nouns.
An example of this form is as follows.
al-Naht al-Ismi Form
Original Form
ACOEA
ACOOEA
ACA
AOOCA
AEIOA
AEOIA
Fourth, al-Naht al-Wasfi, which is two words shortened to one phrase and has a firmer meaning, like the phrase A(Adabtar, strong perso.
is a combination of the words A(Adab.
A(Adab.
This kind of Naht is very rare in the Indies.
Europe.
The same thing is the cognate language of the Samiyah language (Ahmad Satori Ismail, 2019: .
As for the various elements forming naht in Arabic has its own uniqueness from the acronyms of other languages.
The constituent elements consist of words, phrases and sentences (Abu Supyan, 2011: 97-.
Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban T p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157
Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language The constituent elements consist of two words Forming New
Elements Meanings Words AIEEI EIIA
A EIEIAspace-time AIA
AIEA
AIEOA
The constituent elements consist of compound words Forming Elements New Words Meanings i Hamas .
he name of the Palestinian AuEEIO IECOI EA
AIA
movement in Gaz.
Dar al-AoUlum publisher's AEEOI A AIA name in the Middle Eas.
The constituent elements consist of sentences Forming New
Meanings Elements Words Reading AI NEE EII EOIA
Aa e aI aEA
AI NEE EII EOIA
AI NEE EA
Aa eI a May Allah always glorify you Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157 Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language Ibn Faris was the first to expand the subject, assuming that in essence, all words with more than three letters are abbreviations of two words that have threeletter roots.
While for fi'l rubaAoi and khumasi there is a correlation with qiyas.
Ummi Nurun Ni'mah in her analysis concluded that the word qiyas not only has a meaning that is currently commonly known.
Not only that, in nahwu, he has even experienced a development of meaning.
The development of this meaning has also theoretically separated Arab linguists into two, supporters and opponents.
Nevertheless, it is worth remembering that however the development and condition of linguistics, the language itself will continue to develop and demand more study.
For this reason, with each capacity, both the deductive and inductive methods in the qiyas remain significant (Umi Nurun NiAomah, 2.
There are some opinions that assess Arabic language does not have the flexibility to accept naht, and this is different from languages other than Arabic.
This assumption is proven by the number of naht which reaches tens of thousands, or even hundreds for other languages.
In this case.
Sibawayh states that naht is not qiyas or cannot be betrayed, so that it can spawn many new words that appear (Sibawayh, 1988: .
The Urgency of the Naht Method in Forming a New Arabic Terminology Arabic is a language that can adjust to the development of science.
Among the effects of this development is the formation of modern Arabic terminologies.
In this case, the efforts made by linguists in the formation of new terminology always prioritize the formation in accordance with Arabic rules that already exist (Rahmap, 2016: .
As one of the world's languages.
Arabic has unique and universal The characteristics of the universality of Arabic can be seen from various aspects as follows.
First.
Arabic has a variety of languages, which include socio-economic diversity, geographical diversity.
Second.
Arabic can be expressed orally or in writing.
Third.
Arabic has certain rules and devices.
The five Arabic languages have the potential to develop, be productive and creative (Wati Susiawati.
Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban T p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157 Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language 2019: .
These characteristics are the Arabic language can follow the social development of existing communities.
Arabic has specific characteristics, both morphological and semantic aspects.
These specific characteristics can be easily learned if the relevant rules can be These characteristics are found in various aspects, including sound system, form of words, content of meaning of words and sentences, patterns and structure of sentences, the influence of words from foreign languages, speech and dialects, ways of writing and literature (Muh.
Arif, 2017: .
With these characteristics.
Arabic can always be a tool of communication between nations in the world that is adaptable to the times.
Empirically and theoretically, the existence of Arabic does not differ much from other languages, that is, it can live and develop if people still use it and will die if it is otherwise, when it is no longer used.
In the context of modern and contemporary Arabic the same as classical Arabic, both in spoken and written languages (Abd Aziz.
Yuan Martina Dinata, 2019:.
As for the interaction between Arabic and other languages, it has an impact on the emergence of new models that can be completely new and not the same as before and existing ones.
The same experience happened to naht.
According to Jaroslav, the use of the naht method has the potential to realize an abbreviation in the form of a prefix (Jaroslav Stetkevich.
Jaroslav then develops by analogizing in a number of other prefixe.
This can be seen in the following example table.
Prefix
Form Development can be formed / combined with other for example Being Meanings AIOA
post scholarly can be formed / combined with other for example AEOA
post puberty :A Aand AIEA
A Aand AEEOA
ACEA
can be combined with other words.
ACOA
Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157
Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language Prefix
Form Development but in the form of abbreviations, for Being Meanings AIOA
chool AAoA
above normal
AOOA
AEEIOA
a sexual
AEENIOA
AEEOA
Arabism
AEEOA
AEEOOA
out of network cable example A CEAand
AEOA
AAOCA
AEA
a combination of A Aand AIEA a combination of AAOCoA a combination of AoA a combination of alma'rifat la isim AeOA In contrast to the views of the linguists, the authors consider that naht is very important in shaping modern Arabic terminologies that are not accommodated by Arabic, so a new term is needed.
The basis for the author's theory is that the language of its nature is dynamic, changing with the times.
The development of language adjusts the direction of the values of a developing society (Elaine Chaika, 1982: .
The use of the Naht method in shaping new Arabic terminology can also be done by combining several vocabulary words.
This combination is called a combination of multiple acronyms (Erfan Gazali, 2012: .
An example of a multiple acronyms combination application is as follows.
Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban T p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157 Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language A( IaEOEUARepublic of the Monarch.
The word A( aIEOEUAjumlukiyya.
is an acronym of two words, the word A( IOUAjumhuriyyah.
Republi.
and the word A( IEEUAmulkiyyah, monarch.
The word A( IOUAjumhuriyya.
itself comes from the word A( IOAjumhu.
which is formed from two different words.
namely AIA .
amr, peopl.
and A( Ajahr, hig.
A( EENUOAElectromagneti.
The word A( EEUOAal-kahrati.
is an acronym of two words, namely the word AEA .
ahruba', electricit.
and the word A( IIAmaghnatis, magne.
the words A( EAkahruba, stra.
and A( aAruba ', interestin.
The word A( EAkahrub.
in Arabic means AEIIA .
ahruman, amber ston.
The shift from meaning to electricity begins with the word AEIIA .
which is the Greek equivalent of the word: electricus from electron to refer to the property of small objects that are attracted after rubbing.
From the description above it can be concluded that the naht method is a method of forming new terminology in Arabic that can make Arabic be able to follow the development of language that accompanies the development of the times.
CONCLUSION
Based on the explanation above it can be concluded that the naht method is a formulation rule that combines two or more words into one new expression that shows its original meaning.
This shows that the use of the Naht method is a creative step to facilitate the pronunciation of a series of words.
This understanding has a cursory similarity to the process of abbreviating words in Indonesian.
The existence of the naht method in the context of the greatest challenges of Arabic in the current global era can give birth to new vocabulary or terminology as global terminology, both in the fields of education, health, industry, military and others.
Therefore, the naht method in Arabic is important to be observed as a method of forming new entries resulting from the shortening process in the language that can enrich the treasury of Arabic vocabulary richness.
Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157 Existence Of Naht Method In The Development Of Contemporary Arabic Language REFRENCES Aisyah.
Devy.
AuAnalisis Isytiqaq Dalam Kajian Fikih Lughah Dan Pengajarannya.
Ay TaAodib, 2019.
Anis.
Ibrahim.
Min Asrar Al-Lughah.
Kairo: Maktabah al-Anjilu al-Misriyyah, 1972.
Aziz.
Abd.
Yuan Martina Dinata.
AuBahasa Arab Modern dan Kontemporer : Kontinuitas dan Perubahan,Ay Mumtaz.
Vol.
No.
Chaika.
Elaine.
Language: The Social Mirror.
Rowley-London: Newbury-House Publisher Inc, 1982.
Faris.
Ahmad bin.
Maqayis Al-Lughah.
Kairo: Dar IhyaAo al-Kutub al-AoArabiyyah, 1366.
Gazali.
Erfan.
Akronim Majemuk dalam Teks Arab Modern.
Proceeding InternationalConference on Applied Linguistics V (CONAPLIN .
:Languge Teacher Development in Globalized World.
Hadi.
Syamsul.
AuPembentukan dan Istilah Baru dalam Bahasa Arab Modern,AyArabiyat.
Vol.
No.
Ismail.
Achmad Satori.
AuHubungan Antara Rumpun Bahasa Semit.
Bahasa Arab Dan Al-Quran.
Ay AlQalam, 2019.
MaAonawi.
Arief.
AuCiri-Ciri Morfologis Bahasa Arab Sebagai Anggota Rumpun Bahasa Semit.
Ay Humaniora, 2012.
NiAomah.
Ummi Nurun.
AuQiyas Sebagai Sebuah Metode Dalam Nahwu.
Ay AdabiyyAt:
Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 2019.
Rahmap.
AuNeologisasi dalam Bahasa Arab.
AyAlfzuna.
Vol.
1,No.
Sibawayh.
Al-Kitab.
Edited by AoAbd Al-Salam and Muhammad Harun.
Kairo:
Maktabah al-Khanji, 1988.
Supyan.
Abu.
AuAkronim Dalam Bahasa Arab.
Ay Jurnal Humaniora 23, no.
YaAoqub.
Imil BadiAo.
Fiqh Al-Lughah Al-AoArabiyyah Wa KhasaAoIsuha.
Beirut: Dar alThaqafah al-Islamiyyah.
Salim.
Latifah AuSejarah Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Bahasa Arab,AyJurnal Diwan.
Vol.
No.
Taqdir: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban T p-ISSN 2527-9.
e-ISSN 2621-1157