_____________________________________E-ISSN : 2774-4116
Update Study of Traded Birds at the Bird Shops in Jakarta Septiana Anggraini Pratiwi1.
Fachruddin Majeri Mangunjaya1.
Tatang Mitra Setia1 Graduate Program in Biology.
Graduate School.
Universitas Nasional.
Jakarta Correspondence author:tatangmitra52@gmail.
Abstract The wild birds in nature can be threatened due to the increasing demand for birds for pets by some people.
On the other hand,the bird trade can be an opportunity for gaining economic One of the highest demandsof birds comes from Java, especially Jakarta.
This study aims to determine the types of birds traded in bird shops in Jakarta along with their IUCN conservation status, the protection status according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.
106 of 2018, and the CITES trading status.
The research was conducted in April-May 2021.
Data collection methods included direct observation .
ecording and recordin.
and interviews.
The data were taken by purposively listing the bird shops.
The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis.
The results show from the sample area in Jakarta, we approached 57 bird traders .
stores in Central Jakarta, 12 stores in North Jakarta, 12 stores in West Jakarta, 10 stores in East Jakarta, and 10 stores in South Jakart.
The birds found are coming from 42 bird familiesconsisting of 117 species.
100 species are the least concern status, sevenspecies are near threatened, one speciesisvulnerable, fivespecies are endangered, and fourspecies are critically endangered.
Based on KLHK Ministerial Regulation No.
106 of 2018, there are 16 protected and 101 unprotectedbird species.
113 bird species are not included in the CITES category, one species belongs to the appendix I category, three species belong to the appendix II category.
Although in general, the IUCN status of the traded birdsisLC, a large number .
%) of the wild bird species were caught from nature.
The survey shows the trend of the bird trade together with the increasing market demand may lead to the population decline that caused rareness of the species and perhaps extinction.
Keywords: bird shop.
CITES.
Jakarta, trade, wild-bird.
INTRODUCTION Indonesia is a country located in the tropics so that it has a high abundance of biodiversity in terms of flora and fauna, one of which is birds.
At least 1,672 bird species consisting of 427 endemic species are registered in Indonesia (Iskandar, 2.
However, bird management has not been carried out optimally because more and more bird populations are threatened with extinction due to human activities, one of which is the bird trade.
According to Sihotang .
, these activities can cause extinctions that exceed the rate of return.
The existence of wild birds in nature can be threatened due to the increasing demand for birds by some people.
Therefore, it can be a great opportunity for traders to gain economic benefits.
Various efforts have been made to obtain the availability of birds so that traders and bird catchers often do not pay attention to threats to the preservation of birds in nature (Haryoko, 2.
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity.
Vol.
No.
1, 2021
_____________________________________E-ISSN : 2774-4116
The highest demand for birds by the community comes from the island of Java, especially Jakarta.
The bird trade in Java is very much related to the Javanese culture found in Javanese society.
Javanese society has a philosophy called "Hasta Brata" which means that a person's life is not considered perfect if it does not meet the 7 One of the conditions is kukilo which means birds (Rakhman, 2.
Jakarta is also the largest bird trade center in Southeast Asia located in Barito Market.
Jatinegara, and Pramuka (Chng, 2.
The high demand for birds from consumers causes traders and bird catchers to make various efforts to obtain a supply of birds that often does not pay attention to conservation principles (Iskandar, 2.
Not infrequently are there still many traders selling birds with protected status.
This causes the risk of bird extinction to continue to increase every year and usually starts locally in their natural habitat.
Therefore, there is still a need for attention from various parties to maintain and preserve traded wild birds.
Based on this background, this study aims to determine the biodiversity of birds traded in Jakarta and these birdsAo conservation status.
METHOD
This research was conducted in April - May 2021 in Jakarta by visiting bird shops in Jakarta.
The location of the bird shops found included 13 stores in Central Jakarta, 12 in North Jakarta, 12 in West Jakarta, 10 in East Jakarta, and 10 in South Jakarta, bringing a total of 57 bird shops.
The location of the bird shop found can be seen in Figure 1.
The tools and materials used for data collection consisted of recording equipment, cameras, stationery, and bird species identification field guide books, namely the Indonesian Bird Atlas .
and the Bird Field Guide Seriesin Sumatra.
Java.
Bali, and Kalimantan.
MacKinnon et.
Figure 1.
The location of the bird shops found in Jakarta .
ed marke.
Data collection methods included direct observation with observation and Field observations were used to obtain primary data in the form of bird species traded in bird shops in Jakarta.
Birds found in bird shops were identified by looking at their morphological characteristics in the form of shape, body-color, beak.
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity.
Vol.
No.
1, 2021
_____________________________________E-ISSN : 2774-4116
legs, feathers, and the distinctive characteristics found in birds.
Furthermore, the birds found were identified using a bird identification guide book.
Interviews were used to obtain additional data from the bird traders.
Data were taken by collecting data on bird shops by Purposive Sampling.
The data obtained were then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis.
The birds that had been identified were grouped based on protection status which consisted of the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource.
CITES (Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flor.
, and the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.
106 of 2018 concerning the list of protected plant and animal species.
RESULT
Type, origin, and number of birds traded The results of research conducted in 57 bird shops found in the Jakarta area found that there were 3,154 individuals, consisting of 117 species from 40 families.
The number of bird species in each family can be seen in Figure 2.
Bird families traded in Jakarta Turnicidae Timaliidae Sittidae RecurvirostrA Psittaculidae Ploceidae Phasianidae Oriolidae Nectariniidae Meliphagidae Total Laniidae Fringillidae Estrildidae Dicaeidae Columbidae Chloropseidae CampephagiA Alcippeidae Alaudidae Acanthizidae Figure 2.
Chart of the number of bird species traded in each family .
=3,.
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity.
Vol.
No.
1, 2021
_____________________________________E-ISSN : 2774-4116
Birds from the Pycnonotidaefamily are the most common birds found in bird shops in Jakarta.
The most common species found were yellowvented bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavie.
as many as 42 individuals, sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaste.
as many as 20 individuals, and brown-cheeked bulbul (Alophoixus bre.
as many as 21 individuals.
In addition, there are also many bird species from the Psittaculidaefamily, such as the lovebird (Agapornis sp.
) as many as 49 individuals, budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatu.
as many as 18 individuals, and the Sturnidae family such as the Javan myna (Acridotheres javanicu.
as many as 34 individuals and the Asian pied starling (Gracupica contr.
as many as 31 individuals.
IUCN Conservation Status There are 117 species of birds found in bird shops in the Jakarta area that have conservation status based on the IUCN conservation status, including 100 species with Least Concern (LC) status, 7 Near Threatened (NT) species, 1 Vulnerable (VU) species, 5 Endangered (EN) species, and 4 Critically Endangered (CR) species.
The percentage of the status of birds traded in Jakarta bird shops can be seen in Figure 3.
Although 86% of the birds in 57 birdshops in Jakarta have theleast concern status, this status perhaps could be increasedif illegal trade continues.
IUCN status of traded birds Figure 3.
Observed traded birds by IUCN conservation status chart .
Protection Status of KLHK Ministerial Regulation No.
106/2018
Based on the regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No.
106 of 2018 concerning protected plant and animal species, 16 bird species were found included in protected species and 101 included in unprotected species at the Jakarta bird Journal of Tropical Biodiversity.
Vol.
No.
1, 2021
_____________________________________E-ISSN : 2774-4116
Status of protection according to PP No.
Protected Unprotected Figure 4.
Traded bird protection status chart Bird species with protected status found were black-winged myna (Acridotheres melanopteru.
, javan leafbird (Chloropsis cochinchinensi.
, greater green leafbird (Chloropsis sonnerat.
, lesser green leafbird (Chloropsis cyanopogo.
, blue-crowned hanging parrot (Loriculus galgulu.
, racquet tailed treepie (Crypsirina temi.
, crimson sunbird (Aethopyga siparaj.
, coconut lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodu.
, sumatran treepie (Dendrocitta occipitali.
Rufous-fronted laughingthrush (Garrulax rufifron.
, common green magpie (Cissa chinensi.
, sunda pied fantail (Rhipidura javanic.
, ecletus parrot (Eclectus roratu.
, spotted kestrel (Falco moluccensi.
, white-crested laughingthrush (Garrulax leucolopu.
, and bali myna (Leucopsar rothschild.
The percentage of protection status according to KLHK Ministerial Regulation can be seen in Figure 4.
DISCUSSION
Several studies on traded bird species have been reported, including research by Marwanti et.
, .
and Haryoko .
,which reported that the most trafficked birds were the Pycnonotidae family.
The Pycnonotidae.
Psittaculidae, and Sturnidae families include songbirds.
13% of the people prefer songbirds which can be contested and if they win, they will get large enough prize money, and only are 22.
of the people interested in bird species based on the beauty of their feathers (Widodo.
The sound of birds is the most reason for people to buy and maintain birds (Iskandar, 2.
Pycnonotus goiavieris a type of song bird with the lowest price, and usually the sales target is children for their pets (Suba et.
, 2.
Pycnonotus aurigaster.
Alophoixus bres.
Acridotheres javanicus, and Gracupica contra are also commonly used for masters and contests.
Master bird is a type of bird for the main bird filler that will be contested (Iskandar, 2.
Based on the results of interviews, the types of birds traded in bird shops in the Jakarta area are wild birds caught by nature, which is 73%, while the types of birds obtained from livestock are 27%.
The percentage of bird origin found in Jakarta can be Journal of Tropical Biodiversity.
Vol.
No.
1, 2021
_____________________________________E-ISSN : 2774-4116
seen in Figure 3.
The most common domesticated birds were lovebirds.
Serinus canaria.
Geopelia striata, and Melopsittacus undulatus.
Wild birds obtained from wild catches will have a bad impact on the ecosystem and are threatened with extinction.
Ario .
states that the higher the market demands, the more birds are caught from their habitatso that many wild bird species in Indonesia are threatened with extinction.
There are seven species of birds with Near Threatened (NT) status, namely Garrulax palliatus.
Garrulaxmitratus.
Prinia familiaris.
Pycnonotus bimaculatus.
Chloropsis cyanopogon.
Ploceus hypoxanthus, and Ixos malaccensis.
One species of bird is with Vulnerable (VU) status, namely Acridotheres javanicus.
The most common species of birds with Near Threatened status found in bird shops in Jakarta were Prinia familiaris with 71 individuals.
Based on the Indonesian Bird Atlas report .
, the Prinia familiaris recorded 353 encounters, including 11 encounters outside its natural distribution in Kalimantan and Lombok, which were probably the result of Prinia familiaris or commonly known as AuciblekAy is still a bird that is in demand by consumers because it is one of the types of birds that is included in the types of birds contested in the song bird competition (Iskandar, 2.
There are five species of Endangered (EN), namely Alophoixus bres.
Chloropsis sonnerati.
Chloropsis cochinchinensis.
Aratinga solstitialis, and Geokichla interpres.
The most common types of birds with Endangered status found in bird shops were Alophoixus bres and Chloropsis cochinchinensis with 36 individuals.
According to the Indonesian Bird Atlas report .
, the number of Chloropsis cochinchinensis in nature is only found 2 individuals, while in cages found 2,054 individuals.
Alophoixus breshasrecorded 87 encounters, and its presence is mostly found in the city center.
Alophoixus bres is also one of the most popular types of song bird, both for competitions and as AumasterAyin order, the song birds could copy their voice or song for song bird contest.
Four types of Critically Endangered (CR) namely Acridotheres melanopterus,Pycnonotus zeylanicus.
Garrulax rufifrons, and Leucopsar rothschildi.
The most common type of bird with Critically Endangered status wasAcridotheres melanopterusas many as 8 individuals.
Protected birds that are often found in bird shops in Jakarta are birds from the Chloropsidae family, namely Chloropsis cochinchinensisand Chloropsis sonnerati.
Birds that are included in this protected category are based on several reasons, namely having a small population, a sharp decline in the number of individuals in nature, and having a limited distribution area (Husodo, 2.
CITES (Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flor.
categorizes species into 3 Appendixes, namely Appendix I .
ll species that are threatened with extinction and have an impact if trade.
Appendix II .
pecies whose status is not yet threatened but will be threatened or extinct if over-exploite.
, and Appendix i .
ll species included in regulations in trade, and other countries seek to control the trade to avoid unsustainable exploitatio.
There are 3 types of birds included in Appendix II, namely Pycnonotus zeylanicus.
Garrulax canorus, and Leiothrix argentauris, while 1 bird species is included in Appendix I, namelyLeucopsar
CONCLUSION
Bird shops surveyed in the Jakarta area found 57 bird traders .
stores in Central Jakarta, 12 stores in North Jakarta, 12 stores in West Jakarta, 10 stores in East Jakarta.
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity.
Vol.
No.
1, 2021
_____________________________________E-ISSN : 2774-4116
and 10 stores in South Jakart.
with 3,154 birds being traded from 40 families, spread over 117 species.
100 types of Least Concern status, 7 types of Near Threatened, 1 type of Vulnerable, 5 types of Endangered, and 4 types of Critically Endangered.
Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.
106 of 2018, there are 16 protected bird species and 101 that are unprotected.
116 bird species are not included in the CITES category, 1 species belongs to the Appendix I category, 3 species belong to the Appendix II category.
Further research is needed every year to monitor wild birds traded in Jakarta by paying more attention to the activities of bird shops in each area of Jakartaso that data and information on bird shops in Jakarta and the types of birds traded can be known about the diversity of species and trend of bird trade in Jakarta.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank various parties for carrying out this research.
This study is a part of my thesis, and I should thankDr.
Fachruddin M.
Mangunjaya.
Si and Dr.
Tatang Mitra Setia.
Si as the supervisors of the study in MasterAosDegree in Biology at Graduate School of Biology at Universitas Nasional.
should also thankHudzaifah Fakhroni and Alif Nur Romdhan for helping me to collect and identify data in the bird shops.
REFERENCES