The 5th International Conference on Public Health 2024
Teuku Umar University, 25th-26th September 2024
ISSN: 2714-7045
Quality of Life of Menopausal Women in Padang City Siti Nurhasanah, 2Suci Maisyarah Nasution, 3Mery Ramadhani 1,2,3 Andalas University.
Indonesia Corresponding author: Siti Nurhasanah, e-mail: sitinurhasanah@ph.
Abstract According to the World Health Organization (WHO) normal menopause occurs between the ages of 45-55 years with the average age of onset of menopause in each country varying.
There are 32.
4 million menopausal women in Indonesia in 2021 based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics where there is an increase every year.
There are several physical and psychological changes during menopause.
Measuring the quality of life of menopausal women is important to do, in order to improve their quality of life.
Because quality of life can affect the survival of individuals.
In measuring a person's quality of life, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed an instrument, the WHOQOL-BREF, which measures a person's quality of life with four domains, namely physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and the environment.
This study aims to obtain an overview of the quality of life of menopausal women in Padang City.
The research method used was descriptive study, with univariate analysis, with a population of 302 people, from 6 subdistricts in Padang city.
The results of the study concluded that 20% of menopausal women felt their quality of life was poor, 195% felt their quality of life was normal, 79% were good, and 7% were very good.
In conclusion, the quality of life of menopausal women in Padang city has been categorized as good, although there are a small number who have not been able to accept and enjoy their old age.
Therefore, support is needed from the family, community, and various related sectors, so that menopausal women can accept their condition.
Keywords: Menopause.
Quality of Life.
Women Introduction Menopause is a phase where the menstrual cycle stops naturally for twelve consecutive months.
Women who have entered menopause will experience a gradual decrease in the hormone estrogen which can affect other hormones.
This situation causes menopausal women to experience several physical and psychological changes that can interfere with daily activities and have a negative impact on the quality of life and self-confidence of the menopausal woman.
There are several physical and psychological changes during menopause.
According to Kathy in Kholifah's research .
, stating the physical changes experienced by menopausal women will greatly affect psychological changes, especially causing anxiety.
Based on Kholifah's research .
, some of the physical symptoms that occur during menopause are hot flashes, fatigue, vaginal dryness, and intercourse pain.
While for changes in psychological symptoms are, worry, insomnia, irritability.
In addition to physical and psychological changes, there are also several health problems during menopause such as hypertension This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License The 5th International Conference on Public Health 2024
ISSN: 2714-7045
11%), osteoporosis .
3%), diabetes .
5%), and heart disease .
5%).
Quality of life according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is an assessment of individuals in their lives according to the culture and values where they are and compares their lives with goals, expectations, and standards.
In measuring a person's quality of life, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed an instrument, the WHOQOL-BREF where this instrument measures a person's quality of life with four domains, namely physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and the environment.
Measuring the quality of life of menopausal women is important to do, in order to improve their quality of life.
It is important for menopausal women to have a good quality of life, because every individual has the right to be able to feel and enjoy all important events in life including menopause so that their life becomes quality.
This is in line with the government program in the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) which wants healthy, qualified and productive elderly.
This study aims to determine the description of the quality of life of menopausal women in Padang City, so that it can provide an overview and analyze local government policies regarding national health programs, especially reproductive health in menopausal women, so as to be able to help relevant agencies in the local government to take concrete steps.
As well as adding to the repertoire of knowledge about reproductive health.
Methods The research design is descriptive quantitative, with the variable measured is the quality of life of menopausal women, with domains of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and the The study population in this study were all women of menopausal age in Padang City .
ge 45 to > 75 year.
with a total of 143,864 people.
With a sample size of 302 people.
The study was conducted from March - December 2024 in Padang City in 2024.
the sample was taken by random sampling technique in 6 sub-districts from 11 sub-districts in Padang City.
Data were collected using the WHOQOL-BREFF questionnaire, and analyzed using univariate analysis.
Results Menopausal Women's Quality Of Life The quality of life of menopausal women as shown in table 1, is categorized as good quality of life if it falls into the category of mediocre, good, and very good values.
While for poor quality of life if it falls into the bad and very bad categories.
From the data in table 1, it can be concluded that the quality of life of menopausal women in Padang City is in the moderate category .
6%).
Specifically described in table 2 to table 5 below.
The 5th International Conference on Public Health 2024
ISSN: 2714-7045
Table 1.
Quality of Life of Menopausal Women Quality of Life Frequency Percentage Very Bad Poor Fair Good Very Good Total Physical Health Physical health can affect an individual's quality of life, such as routine activities, dependence on medication, pain and discomfort, sleep and rest, and work capacity.
For physical health quality, 42.
1% of menopausal women in Padang City were satisfied.
Table 2.
Physical Health of Menopausal Women Variable Population Ill Not Attack at Risk Ill Rate (%) Sex Male Female Age Group Psychological Health (Negative Feelings.
Anxiety.
Hopelessness.
And Depressio.
Includes the disclosure of the psychological side experienced by individuals, positive and negative feelings, self-esteem, religious beliefs, and thinking, concentration.
Where the psychological health of menopausal women in Padang City related to negative feelings, anxiety, despair and depression, is very rarely experienced by them, with a percentage of 25.
Table 3.
Psychological Health of Menopausal Women Psychological Health Frequency Percentage Never Rarely Moderately Frequent Very often Always Total Social Relations Social relationships such as personal relationships, social support around or family, and sexual activity can affect the quality of life of individuals.
In this table 4, the results show that the social relationships of menopausal women in Padang City are in the good category with a percentage of 46.
The 5th International Conference on Public Health 2024
ISSN: 2714-7045
Table 4.
Social Relationships of Menopausal Women Social Relationships Very Bad Poor Ordinary Good Very Good Total Frequency Percentage Environment .
acilities and infrastructure, food, sanitation, cleanliness of residenc.
In this environment, there are many scopes, starting from financial resources, physical security and safety, good environmental health such as pollution/noise, opportunities to get various information, and be able to do fun activities.
Table 5.
Environment of Menopausal Women Frequency Percentage Environment Not at all A Little In Moderation Very Often In Excess Total Based on the results of the study, it was found that the living environment of menopausal women, which includes facilities and infrastructure, food, sanitation, and cleanliness of the place of residence, is in the comfortable category, because they experience this very often.
With a percentage of 42.
Discussion According to Endarti .
, the quality of life of menopausal women is an assessment according to personal views related to physical and mental health which is influenced by culture and social perspectives in the surrounding environment in each individual.
Quality of life in the health sector is closely related to health conditions.
This means that a good quality of life reflects a comfortable life and maintains physical and psychological conditions in carrying out daily life activities.
From the results of this study, we can see that menopausal women in Padang City in general have been able to accept changes both physically, psychologically, socially, and environmentally, so that these menopausal women, feel used to and comfortable with the conditions that occur to them.
There are even a small number of menopausal women who accept their condition very well.
This is due to many factors, especially the long age of menopause, as well as the amount of knowledge they have gathered from various sources of information, both from health workers, family, or information media that is easily obtained through gadgets, plus the support of family, children, husbands, and the surrounding community to menopausal The 5th International Conference on Public Health 2024
ISSN: 2714-7045
women is very good.
So that menopausal women become confident to be productive and comfortable with their daily lives.
In this study we can also see the results, there are still a small proportion of menopausal women who feel they have a poor quality of life, this can be caused by many factors as well, it can come from the age of menopause that has just been experienced, and also experiences or knowledge related to menopause, physical changes, psychological changes that normally occur at menopause, have not arrived or have not been mastered by them.
And it could also be because the lives of these menopausal women who only live alone, without a husband and children to support their lives, so that mental and financial support is not there, and adds to the psychological burden experienced by these menopausal women.
Moreover, the sources of information they get are limited, because of economic difficulties, they are busy with finding sustenance and livelihood, thus neglecting their health conditions, both physical health and mental health.
And social factors are also very influential on the self-acceptance of menopausal women, if they cannot socialize well in the environment where they live, as well as cadres and indifferent communities, it will contribute to a bad influence on the quality of life of menopausal women.
As for the living environment facilities, not all menopausal women are in a comfortable environment, some of these menopausal women live in places with incomplete facilities, and sanitation that is not as expected.
Therefore, there is a need for assistance from various parties to be able to help menopausal women to improve their quality of life to be better and more productive again, through health workers, closest family, community, and also the relevant government, in providing education, support, and paying attention to the personal needs of menopausal women.
Conclusion The quality of life of menopausal women in Padang City is categorized as moderate with 64.
6%, and 2% although there are a small number who have not been able to accept and enjoy their old age.
Menopausal women who feel satisfied with their health conditions are 42.
1%, and moderate ones are 32.
1% feel dissatisfied with their health conditions.
Menopausal women who experience anxiety, negative feelings, hopelessness and depression with the category quite often amounted to 19.
9% and very often 3%.
Among menopausal women, 46.
7% had good social relationships, and 41.
7% had mediocre social The environmental health of menopausal women in the form of infrastructure, food, sanitation, and environmental hygiene, is in the comfortable category, because they experience this very often.
With a percentage of 42.
7% and moderate 38.
Support from family, community, and various related sectors is needed, so that menopausal women can accept changes in the discomfort of their body condition.
Menopausal women get additional knowledge from health workers, towards psychological changes that normally occur in menopausal women.
A very good
relationship with menopausal women is a very important moment to make a personal approach so that these The 5th International Conference on Public Health 2024
ISSN: 2714-7045
women are more productive again.
Mutual cooperation is needed to fulfill the infrastructure, sanitation, food that supports the needs of menopausal women.
Acknowledgment The main thanks go to Andalas University, especially the faculty of public health, which is the main funder in this research.
Thanks are also due to the local government of Padang City, for the recommendations and research permits that have been given.
Author Contribution and Competing Interest All authors had an equal role in writing this article.
References