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php/icmahs Consumption Inhibitor and Enhancer Iron is Related to Anemia Status in Students of SMAN 6 Denpasar Ida Ayu Eka Padmiari1*.
I Wayan Ambartana2.
Ni Ketut Rosa Monika3.
I Wayan Juniarsana4 1 Student of Nutrition Department.
Polytechnich of Health Denpasar 2 3 4Nutrition Department.
Polytechnich of Health Denpasar Corresponding author: eka_padmiari@yahoo.
Article history Posted :
Reviewed :
Received :
2023-11-27
2023-10-27
2023-10-10
ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is a condition in which a total shortage of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels less than normal or decreased levels of red blood cells.
(Nabilla dkk.
, 2.
This study aims to determine the consumption of iron inhibitors and enhancers in relation to anemia status in female students of SMAN 6 Denpasar Selatan.
Methods: The type of research used was observational with a cross sectional design.
The research samples were 62 students, class XI at SMAN 6 South Denpasar.
Data collection were carried out by taking hemoglobin levels in female students and interviews using the SQ FFQ questionnaire on the consumption of iron inhibitors and enhancers.
The data collected included anemia status, consumption of inhibitors and consumption of iron enhancers in female adolescents.
determine the relationship between anemia status and consumption of iron inhibitors and enhancers by pearson's correlation analysis.
Anemia categories are divided into 2, ie.
not anemia (Ou12 g/dL) and anemia (<12 g/dL).
Results:
Based on the research, there were 48 female students who were not anemic status and 14 female students who were anemic status.
The lowest hemoglobin level was 9.
1 g/dL, the highest was 17.
8 g/dL, the average was 15 g/dL.
Consumption of tea .
7%) and spinach .
0%), and consumption of oranges .
0%) and chicken meat .
in the last 1 month.
The results showed that there were a relationship between consumption of iron inhibitors and anemia status in young women with p value = 0.
<0.
For the analysis test results of consumption of iron enhancers with anemia status in young women showed a relationship .
-value = 0.
Keywords : Anemia Status.
Inhibitor Consumption.
Enhancer Consumption Ida Ayu Eka Padmiari, et all : Consumption Inhibitor and Enhancer Iron is Related to Anemia Status in Students of SMAN 6 Denpasar
INTERNASIONAL CONFERENCE ON
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN HEALTH SCIENCE
VOLUME 1 TAHUN 2023.
ISSN 3032-4408 (Onlin.
https://ejournal.
poltekkes-denpasar.
id/index.
php/icmahs INTRODUCTION Anemia is situation that blood red cell or hemoglobin less than normal.
Hemoglobin category less than normal on man is <13,5 g/dL and women <12,0 g/dL.
According to Department Health Republic Indonesia .
, the reason anemia occur is need substance nutrition which more height like substance iron.
The factor cause of anemia such as less intake menstruation and non direct factor such as social economy, education, level knowledge as well as substances that inhibit the absorption of iron found in food.
Iron substance iron which low in food can cause deficiency substance iron.
If there is occur for a along time can cause depletion savings substance iron in body.
The factor can help absorption substance iron must considered by evaluate of intake substance iron.
Amount food which digested important for recognize that encourage and inhibit absorption substance iron.
A number of material which increase absorption substance iron such as ItAos can consume together with iron substance is called enhancer such as vitamin C and protein animal, and a number of The inhibits iron absorption of iron substance is called inhibitor such as tannin, and phytic acid.
The research results of Riskesdas 2007, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia was 11.
3% and increase 21.
7% in Compared to the data latest of Risjkesdas 2018, enhancement prevalence anemia was Riskesdas data in 2016 of Bali, anemia prevalence on teenagers daughter as big as 27,1%.
On the other hand the prevalence anemia in Denpasar in 2017 was 45,9% on teenagers daughter age 12-18 years.
METHOD
The research was conducted at SMAN 6 South Denpasar in December 2022.
This type of research was observational with cross-sectional The research population were female students aged 16-17 years.
The sample consisted of 62 people with sampling techniques in the form of proportional simple random The data collected such as characteristic data, anemia status, consumption inhibitor of iron and enhancer iron consumption.
The processing identity data were presented with frequency tables and processed The data of anemia status into two categorized ie.
anemia and not anemia.
Frequency of inhibitor consumption and enhancer consumption was processed by using Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionare (SQ-FFQ).
Hypothesis analyzed carried out by rank spearman correlation test
RESULTS
Sample Characteristics This study used high school students in class XI, female, aged 16-17 years.
There were 41 people .
1%) aged 16 years, and 21 people .
9%) aged 17 years.
Measuring of Anemia status by cecking of hemoglobin (H.
this study the lowest hemoglobin level was 9.
g/dL, the highest was 17.
8 g/dL, the average was 15 g/dL.
The complete data can be seen in Table Ida Ayu Eka Padmiari, et all : Consumption Inhibitor and Enhancer Iron is Related to Anemia Status in Students of SMAN 6 Denpasar
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php/icmahs Table 1 Sample Distribution according of Anemia Status Status Anemia Observation result No anemia (Ou12g/d.
Anemia (<12 g/d.
Total Based on the research results, of the 62 samples of female students, there were 48 female students .
4%) who did not suffer from anemia .
emoglobin level Ou12 g/d.
and 14 female students .
6%) who were declared anemic .
emoglobin level < 12 g/d.
The 14 female students who were anemic, there were 8 students with mild anemia .
9%), and 6 students who were declared moderately anemic .
7%).
Iron Consumption Inhibitor The inhibitor food source that can inhibits the absorption of iron in the body.
Food that is classified as food inhibitor includes beverage such as tea and coffee, oxalic acid .
, and phytic acid .
The complete data can be seen in Table 2 Table 2 Sample Distribution according to Iron Inhibitor Consumption in the Last 1 Month Consumption Inhibitor Iron Coffee Tea Spinach Nuts Observation result Based on the research results, of the 62 samples, 38 people .
2%) consumed coffee, 60 people .
7%) consumed tea, 62 people .
0%) consumed spinach, and 62 people .
0%) consumed coffee.
0%) consumed The following in Table 3 shows the number
of samples consuming the source inhibitor iron
Ida Ayu Eka Padmiari, et all : Consumption Inhibitor and Enhancer Iron is Related to Anemia Status in Students of SMAN 6 Denpasar
INTERNASIONAL CONFERENCE ON
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN HEALTH SCIENCE
VOLUME 1 TAHUN 2023.
ISSN 3032-4408 (Onlin.
https://ejournal.
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id/index.
php/icmahs Table 3 Sample Distribution Based on Iron Inhibitor Frequency Consumption Consumption Inhibitor Iron Often Sometimes Less Total Based on the results of this research, there were 62 samples who consumed the source of inhibitor 19 people .
6%) included iron in the frequent category, in the category of Observation result occasionally consuming sources of inhibitor iron as many as 31 people .
0%), and in the category of consuming less source of inhibitor iron by 12 people .
4%).
Iron Enhancer Consumption Source of enhancer Iron is a food that contains substances can help iron absorption in the body.
The type enhancer Iron is a source of animal protein such as chicken, fish, eggs, chicken liver and source of vitamin C .
apaya, oranges, mang.
Complete data can be seen in Table 4 Table 4 Sample Distribution According to Consumption Enhancer Iron In The Last 1 Month Consumption Enhancer Iron Pawpaw Orange Please Chicken meat Counts Fish Chicken liver Based on the research results, of the 62 samples, 58 people .
5%) consumed papaya, 62 people .
0%) consumed oranges, 62 people .
0%) consumed mango, 62 people Observation result .
0%) consumed %) consumed chicken meat, as many as 62 people 9100.
0%) consumed eggs, as many as 58 people .
5%) consumed fish.
Ida Ayu Eka Padmiari, et all : Consumption Inhibitor and Enhancer Iron is Related to Anemia Status in Students of SMAN 6 Denpasar
INTERNASIONAL CONFERENCE ON
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN HEALTH SCIENCE
VOLUME 1 TAHUN 2023.
ISSN 3032-4408 (Onlin.
https://ejournal.
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id/index.
php/icmahs and as many as 57 people .
9%) consumed chicken liver Table 5 Sample Distribution Based on Consumption Frequency Enhancer Iron Consumption Enhancer Iron Observation result Often Sometimes Less Total Based on the research results, there were 62 samples consuming the sourceenhancer iron in the frequent category was 21 people .
9%), the category sometimes consumed sourcesenhancer iron in 29 samples .
8%), and in the category of consuming less sourcesenhancer iron by 12 people .
4%).
Consumption Relation Inhibitor Iron with Anemic Status It is known that from a sample of 48 female students who were not anemic, they were categorized as frequently consuming food inhibitor iron as many as 31 people .
8%), in the category of sometimes consuming sources inhibitor iron by 17 people .
9%), in the category of consuming less sources inhibitor iron as many as 0 people .
0%).
Meanwhile, the 14 samples of female students who were anemic were included in the category of frequently consuming sources inhibitor iron as many as 6 people .
2%), in the category of sometimes consuming sources inhibitor iron as many as 6 people .
1%), and in the category of consuming less sources inhibitor iron as many as 2 people .
0%).
Complete data can be seen in Table 6
Ida Ayu Eka Padmiari, et all : Consumption Inhibitor and Enhancer Iron is Related to Anemia Status in Students of SMAN 6 Denpasar
INTERNASIONAL CONFERENCE ON
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN HEALTH SCIENCE
VOLUME 1 TAHUN 2023.
ISSN 3032-4408 (Onlin.
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php/icmahs Table 6 Sample Distribution Based on Consumption FrequencyInhibitor Iron and Anemia Status Status Anemia ConsumptionInhibito r Iron Not Anemic Total Anemia Often Sometimes Less Based on research results by Pearson analyzed obtained p value = 0.
<0,.
which means there is a significant relationship between consumption inhibitor iron with anemia status.
Enhancer Iron Consumption Frequency Relation with Anemic Status According 48 female students who were not anemic, they were categorized as frequently consuming food enhancer iron as many as 21 people .
0%), in the category of sometimes 0,034 consuming sources enhancer iron by 25 people .
2%), in the category of consuming less sources enhancer iron as many as 2 people .
7%).
Meanwhile, the 14 samples of female students who were anemic were included in those who sometimes consumed the source enhancer iron as many as 4 people .
8%), and in the category of consuming less sourcesenhancer iron as many as 10 people .
3%).
Complete data can be seen in Table 7 Table 7 Sample Distribution Based on Enhancer Iron Consumption Frequency and Anemia Status Status Anemia Iron Enhancer Consumption Not Anemic Total Anemia Often Sometimes Less 0,001 Based on statistical by Pearson analyzed the p value obtained = 0.
001, which means there was a significant relationship between consumption of enhancer iron with anemia status.
Ida Ayu Eka Padmiari, et all : Consumption Inhibitor and Enhancer Iron is Related to Anemia Status in Students of SMAN 6 Denpasar
INTERNASIONAL CONFERENCE ON
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN HEALTH SCIENCE
VOLUME 1 TAHUN 2023.
ISSN 3032-4408 (Onlin.
https://ejournal.
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id/index.
php/icmahs DISCUSSION Based on the 62 respondents, it was found that 48 female students .
4%) were not anemic, while 14 students .
6%) were anemic.
Of the 14 samples who were anemic, 6 people .
2%) consumed it inhibitor Iron is in the frequent category, as many as 6 people .
consume it inhibitor iron in the sometimes category, and in the Less category by 2 people .
0%).
Source inhibitor those consumed most were spinach and nuts by 62 people .
%) while those consumed least were coffee by 38 people .
2%).
Inhibitors are substances that inhibit iron absorption, leading to anemia.
There is a significant relationship between consumption of iron inhibitors and anemia status .
=0.
Analysis of the relationship between female students' intake of iron inhibitors and anemia status revealed a significant relationship, because most female students liked to eat spinach.
Nuts and other foods inhibit the absorption of iron.
Most female students who suffer from anemia do not consume enough food enhancer iron by 10 people .
3%) and those who were not anemic were included in the category of occasionally consuming food sources enhancer iron as many as 25 people .
2%).
Four female students who were anemic .
%) consumed food sources enhancer with the category The sources of enhancers most consumed were oranges, mangoes, chicken meat and eggs as many as 62 people .
%) and the least consumed were chicken livers as many as 57 people .
9%).
Consumption enhancer iron and the anemia status of female adolescent students were significantly related .
=0.
In this study, it was concluded that there was a relationship between consumption inhibitor and enhancer iron with anemia status.
Based on the results, the analysis of the relationship between consumption patterns inhibitor It was found that there was a significant relationship between iron and anemia status in young female students because most of the female students liked to consume spinach, nuts, and other sources of iron inhibitor.
The food ingredients contained in oxalic acid are most commonly found in vegetables, one of which is Oxalate content in the body can inhibit the absorption of iron, making it difficult to Based on the results of the analysis of the relationship between consumption patterns enhancer It was found that there was a significant relationship between iron and anemia status in adolescent girls because the majority of female students who were anemic did not consume the source enhancer iron such as vitamin C and animal protein.
Where vitamin C plays a role in helping the absorption of iron into the body.
Vitamin C acts as an astringent enhancer which functions to help increase the absorption of non-heme iron by changing the ferrous form to ferrous so that it is easily absorbed by the body.
By converting iron into ferrous iron it will be more easily absorbed into the body.
Animal protein plays a role in the formation of red blood cells containing CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS The hemoglobin levels of female students at SMAN 6 Denpasar averaged 15 g/dL, the highest was 17.
8 g/dL and the lowest was 9.
g/dL.
With an anemia rate of 22.
Frequency of consumption inhibitor iron in the last month in the frequent category was 30.
6% and less was Frequency of consumption enhancer iron
in the last month in the frequent category was Ida Ayu Eka Padmiari, et all : Consumption Inhibitor and Enhancer Iron is Related to Anemia Status in Students of SMAN 6 Denpasar
INTERNASIONAL CONFERENCE ON
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN HEALTH SCIENCE
VOLUME 1 TAHUN 2023.
ISSN 3032-4408 (Onlin.
https://ejournal.
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id/index.
php/icmahs 9% and less was 19.
There is a relationship between anemia status and consumption inhibitor iron in female students of SMAN 6 Denpasar.
There is a relationship between anemia status and consumption enhancer iron in female students of SMAN 6 Denpasar.
It is recommended that research subjects be more obedient in consuming foods that play a role in helping the absorption of iron .
hicken meat, eggs, fish, chicken liver, papaya, oranges, mangoe.
and avoid factors that can trigger anemia and are expected to reduce sources of Foods that can inhibit iron absorption, for example .
ea, coffee, spinach, nut.
Reference