Biofarmasetikal Tropis (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutica.
2025, 8.
, 21-25 e-ISSN 2685-3167 p-ISSN 2828-6685 Evaluation of Ficus minahassae Fruit Extract as a Natural Agent against Propionibacterium acnes Abigail F.
Maarisit1.
Cliveno Kojongian1.
Tesalonika Rondonuwu1.
Intan J.
Rawung1.
Reine Kalalo1.
Arter Supit1.
Silvana Tumbel2.
Wilmar Maarisit2* State Senior High School 1 Tomohon.
Jl.
Nazareth.
Walian.
South Tomohon District Department of Pharmacy.
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
Christian University of Indonesia in Tomohon *Corresponding author.
wmaarisit@yahoo.
Accepted: 4 Maret 2025 .
Approved: 18 April 2025
ABSTRAK
Buah Ficus minahassae diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang potensial sebagai anti bakteri.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas anti bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dari ekstrak buah F.
Buah F.
minahassae diekstrasi menggunakan etanol.
Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan disc diffusion methods.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ekstrak buah ficus minahassae mampu menghambat bakteri P.
acnes pada konsentrasi 200, 300, 400, 500 dan 600 mg/ disc dengan diameter zona hambat 11,68, 13.
33, 14.
35, 15.
47, dan 17.
82 mm secara berurutan.
Ekstrak buah F.
minahassae dapat dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku obat khususnya anti bakteri P.
acnes penyebab jerawat Kata kunci : anti bakteri.
Propionibacterium acnes.
Ficus minahassae ABSTRACT Ficus minahassae fruit is known to contain bioactive compounds that have the potential to act as antibacterial agents.
This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Propionibacterium acnes from F.
minahassae fruit extract.
minahassae fruit is extracted using ethanol.
Antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method.
Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that minahassae fruit extract was able to inhibit P.
acnes bacteria at concentrations of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 Ag/disc with inhibition zone diameters of 11.
68, 13.
33, 14.
35, 15.
47, and 17.
82 mm, minahassae fruit extract can be developed as a raw material for drugs, especially anti-bacterial P.
acnes, which causes acne.
Keywords: Antibacterial.
Propionibacterium acnes.
Ficus minahassae INTRODUCTION minahassae fruit is empirically used by the community to treat boils, prevent diabetes, and cure bruises5.
Acne or acne vulgaris is a common skin disease, especially in adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence 4%6.
The pathogenesis of acne involves various factors, one of which is infection with the Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium acne.
acnes is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that is a normal flora in pilosebaceous follicles, but under certain conditions it can act as an opportunistic pathogen and trigger an inflammatory response that contributes to the development of acne8.
This bacterium produces lipase that hydrolyzes triglycerides into free fatty acids that can irritate Indonesia is a country with abundant biodiversity, including various plant species that have the potential as sources of natural medicinal One of these biodiversities is the genus Ficus which is included in the Moraceae This genus has more than 800 species spread across various tropical and subtropical regions in the world2.
In Indonesia itself, several Ficus species have been used traditionally to treat various diseases, including skin problems3.
Ficus minahasae is one of the endemic species of Sulawesi that has received less attention in scientific research, although it has been used by local people as a traditional medicine4.
Biofarmasetikal Tropis e-ISSN 2685-3167 p-ISSN 2828-6685 (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutica.
2025, 8.
, 21-25 Conventional acne treatment often uses antibiotics such as clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline10.
However, long-term use of antibiotics can cause bacterial resistance, which is a global problem in public Studies have shown that P.
resistance to various antibiotics has increased significantly in recent decades12.
Therefore, the search for natural active ingredients as alternatives to antibiotics is very important to overcome this resistance problem.
The genus Ficus has been reported to contain various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenols that have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities .
Studies on several Ficus species have shown antibacterial activity against various pathogens, including P.
For example.
Ficus carica extract has been shown to have significant activity against this acne-causing In addition.
Ficus deltoidea also shows potential as an anti-acne agent due to its antibacterial activity against B.
Although many studies have been conducted on several Ficus species, studies on F.
especially its antibacterial activity against P.
acnes, are still very limited.
In fact, as an endemic species of Sulawesi.
minahasae has great potential to be developed as a sustainable and economically valuable natural medicine.
Therefore, this study aims to test the antibacterial activity of P.
acnes from Ficus minahassae fruit extract.
evaporated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40 0C until a dry extract was The extract was then tested for its activity against Propionibacterium acnes RESEARCH METHODS Description:
D= inhibition zone diameter A= vertical diameter B= horizontal diameter C= diameter diagonal Preparation of Test Bacterial Culture Propionibacterium obtained from laboratory culture stock were grown in 100 mL of sterile nutrient broth (NB) media and incubated at 37 0C for 1 x 24 hours.
Antibacterial Testing Antibacterial testing followed the disc diffusion method.
1 ml of bacterial culture that had been rejuvenated in nutrient broth was put into 100 mL of sterile nutrient agar media that had not hardened, then poured into a sterile petri dish and left to harden.
minahassae fruit extract was spotted on sterile paper discs with concentrations of 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Ag/disc.
The positive control used was chloramphenicol 20 AAg/disc and the negative control was H2O 10 AAl/disc.
Paper discs were placed on the surface of solid media containing bacteria in a petri dish and incubated at 37AC for 1x24 hours.
Antibacterial activity was observed by the presence of an inhibition zone in the area of the paper disc that was given the extract.
The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured using a caliper in millimeters.
Measurement of inhibition zone diameter using the formula 16:
yaIyayayayayauyao: yaE = Sample Collection Ficus minahassae fruit was taken from Tumaluntung Village.
Tareran District.
South Minahasa Regency in February 2025.
The sample was placed in a plastic bag and then taken to the laboratory for further analysis.
A B C
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Ficus minahassae fruit was extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent.
This method was chosen because it is simple and can also avoid damage to chemical compounds in plants that cannot withstand hot temperatures.
Ethanol solvent is used because it can filter polar and nonpolar chemical compounds.
Extraction A total of 1000 grams of Ficus minahassae fruit was cleaned with a diverting flow, then put in a glass container and macerated with 96% ethanol with a ratio of 1: 3.
The maceration process was carried out three times.
The extract was filtered using filter paper, then Biofarmasetikal Tropis (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutica.
2025, 8.
, 21-25 e-ISSN 2685-3167 p-ISSN 2828-6685 Figure 1.
Ficus minahassae fruit The extract obtained from maceration was brownish in color, the extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40 EE and a concentrated extract of 30 grams was Evaporation was carried out using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40 EE to prevent damage to the compounds contained in the Ficus minahassae fruit.
In testing antibacterial activity, all materials and equipment used were sterilized using an autoclave.
An autoclave is a tool that uses high-pressure steam to sterilize equipment and materials.
Thermodynamic physics and the properties of steam are the basis for the operation of an autoclave.
At standard atmospheric pressure .
atm or 101.
3 kP.
, water boils at 100 A C.
However, in an autoclave, the pressure is increased to 15 psi .
, so that the boiling point increases to 121 A C.
This higher temperature is essential for the sterilization of tools and materials17.
Based on the results of the antibacterial activity test, it was found that the F.
fruit extract was able to inhibit P.
acnes bacteria which was indicated by the presence of an inhibition zone area on the disc paper given the minahassae fruit extract.
The extract concentration of 200-600 Ag/disc, had a varying inhibition zone power ranging from 11.
The higher the extract concentration, the larger the inhibition zone produced.
Table 1.
Results of the antibacterial activity test of P.
acnes from F.
minahassae fruit extract Repeat Average Positive control 20 AAg 25.
Negative control 10 AAl Concentration of 20 Ag/disc has an average inhibition zone of 42 mm and a negative control has no antibacterial activity.
Inhibition zone of 2-5 mm is included in the very weak category, an inhibition zone of 5-10 mm is in the moderate category, 10-20 mm is in the strong category and more than 20 mm is included in the very strong Based on the research results above, the inhibition zone value obtained had an average value of 11.
82 mm, which in this case is included in the strong category.
From the test results that have been carried out (Table .
shows that at a concentration of 200 Ag/disc has an average inhibition zone of 11.
68 mm, a concentration of 300 Ag/disc has an average inhibition zone of 33 mm, a concentration of 400 Ag/disc has an inhibition zone of 14.
35 mm, a concentration of 500 Ag/disc has an inhibition zone of 15.
47 mm and a concentration of 600 Ag/disc has an inhibition zone of 17.
82 mm, a positive control Biofarmasetikal Tropis (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutica.
2025, 8.
, 21-25 minahassae, an endemic species of Sulawesi, has various bioactive compounds in its fruit that contribute to its pharmacological Ficus minahassae fruit contains bioactive compounds such as steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and polyphenols19.
Roques.
Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acne.
and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 32, 5-14.
O'Neill.
, & Gallo.
Hostmicrobiome interactions and recent progress into understanding the Microbiome, 6.
, 1-16.
Dessinioti C.
Katsambas AD.
The role of Propionibacterium acnes in acne pathogenesis: facts and Clin Dermatol.
:2-7.
Zaenglein.
Pathy.
Schlosser.
Alikhan.
Baldwin.
Berson.
, .
& Bhushan.
Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 74.
, 945-973.
Ventola.
The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 40.
, 277.
Walsh.
Efthimiou.
, & Dryno.
Systematic review of antibiotic resistance in acne: an increasing topical and oral threat.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.
, e23-e33.
Salem.
Salem.
Camacho, , & Ali.
Antimicrobial extracts of Ficus species: An African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7.
, 42074219.
Dinu.
Galea.
Chirilov.
Tatu.
Nwabudike.
Dumitriu Buzia.
Stefan.
A Journey Along the Boulevard of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources, with Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Potential: Bee Venom.
Cobra Venom.
Ficus carica.
Cosmetics 2024, 11, 195.
Rahayu S.
Amaliah N.
Patimah R.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Tabat Barito (Ficus deltoide.
Terhadap Bakteri Bacillus substillis CONCLUSION Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, it was obtained that the F.
minahassae fruit extract has antibacterial activity against P.
acnes at extract concentrations of 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Ag/disc with a strong category.
BIBLIOGRAPHY