BIOLOVA
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History Article eISSN 2716-473X
p ISSN 2716-4748
Received: April 2025 Approved: Juli 2025 Published: Agustus 2025
THE PECULIARITY OF MUSHROOM IN THE CAMPUS
FOREST OF IPB UNIVERSITY
Milsa Solva Diana1.
Ayu Gieldha Zona Dwi Marey1.
Theresia Yolanda Avelina1.
Fitria Ramadhanty Usdar1.
Wahyu Aji Mahardhika1.
Ivan Permana Putra2* Microbiology Program.
Biology Department.
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
IPB University.
Bogor.
Indonesia Mycology Division.
Biology Department.
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
IPB University.
Bogor.
Indonesia ivanpermanaputra@apps.
Abstract: Despite IndonesiaAos rich biodiversity, information regarding the diversity of macrofungi remains notably limited.
This gap underscores the urgent need for more comprehensive and systematic exploration of fungal species across a variety of ecosystems.
One particularly underexplored habitat is the campus forest, which has received minimal attention in fungal diversity assessments to date.
This study aims to explore and identify fungi in the Campus Forest Area of IPB University.
The collection of specimens was carried out in February 2023 using an opportunistic sampling method.
The fruiting bodies found were documented in situ, stored as herbarium, and morphologically characterized.
Morphological identification was carried out using fresh fruiting bodies samples.
The identification results showed five unique fungi from the study site including:
Cookeina tricholoma .
owl mushroo.
Agaricus sp.
ild button mushroo.
Cyathus striatus .
ird's nest mushroo.
Marasmiellus sp.
hite toadstoo.
, and Lepista sordida .
urple mushroo.
The five fungi are saprobes and three of them (C.
sordida, and Marasmiellus sp.
) are edible wild mushrooms.
Four of the mushrooms found are Basidiomycota, and one mushroom (C.
is Ascomycota.
The results of this study add data on the diversity of fungi from campus forests in Indonesia as a basis for their further utilization in the future.
Key words: Ascomycota.
Basidiomycota, description, identification, taxonomy How to Cite Diana.
Marey.
Avelina.
Usdar.
Mahardhika.
, & Putra.
The Peculiarity of Mushroom In The Campus Forest of IPB University.
Biolova, 6.
, 98-110.
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.
0 International License BIOLOVA VOL.
6 NO 2.
13 Agustus 2025 Fungi are categorized as the second largest biotic community after Hawksworth and Lycking .
estimate that fungi comprise 8 million species These fungi play a crucial role in broader natural ecosystems, serving as decomposers and a food source for animals (Tan et al.
Additionally, fungi are known for their richness in bioactive compounds that have significant health impacts (Fung et al.
Research on the bioactive compound -glucan found in fungal cell walls can focus on modulating the human immune system due to its antimicrobial, antitumor, properties (Patel, 2.
Fungi are also utilized in various industries, such as cheese, beer, wine, and bread production (Usman, 2.
In recent decades, the study of fungal diversity and utilization has Indonesia.
However, as of 2017, only 2273 species of fungi .
oth macro and micr.
had been recorded in Indonesia (LIPI, 2.
Inventorying fungal diversity is a preliminary step in their utilization efforts.
The utilization of fungal diversity in campus forests can serve as a reference for lectures and practical activities to accelerate the Indonesia.
From a mycological macrofungi in Indonesia is still not widely known and understood (Putra et al.
, despite fungi being cosmopolitan organisms that can be found in various habitat types.
Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) campus forest is a potential habitat for fungal growth due to its dense vegetation and humid environmental conditions (Putra et al.
The forest is dominated by trees, resulting in a significant amount of decaying litter on the forest floor.
The extensive campus forest and high rainfall make it an ideal place for fungal development (Putra et al.
Previous studies on fungal diversity in the IPB campus forest have not included descriptions of microscopic morphological characteristics (Putra et Consequently, many fungi in the IPB campus forest have not been identified to the species level.
Therefore, this study aims to identify fungi using both macroscopic and characteristics in the IPB campus forest area.
West Java.
Indonesia.
METHOD
Study area This research was conducted in February 2023 in the campus forest (Figure .
of Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) .
5489651,106.
in West Java.
Indonesia.
The IPB campus spans a total area of 250 hectares, with the forested section occupying 25 Sample Collection Fungi conducted using the opportunistic sampling method as described by OAoDell et al.
The fungi were collected by gathering entire fruiting bodies and documenting them at the research location.
Each sample was labelled with the collection date, color, habitat, and a sequential number, then stored in jars containing alcohol for morphological identification.
99 | Diana.
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Research location (Yellow lin.
Macroscopic Microscopic Identification of Macrofungi The morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies were observed based on Putra .
, including growth patterns, fruit body shape, color, cap shape, cap surface, cap edge, cap hymenophore type .
amellae, pores.
Other observed characteristics included stalk shape, stalk color, stalk surface, attachment position on the cap, type of attachment on the substrate, partial veil, universal veil, and fruit body texture.
The samples were then taken to the Integrated Research Laboratory of the Biology Department at IPB for microscopic characterization of spores .
olor, pileipellis, and cystidia.
Data analysis The obtained macroscopic and microscopic descriptions were used as identification using reference books and related literature for each collected fungal genus/species.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The confirmed the presence of five types of fungi in this study: Cookeina tricholoma.
Agaricus sp.
Cyathus striatus.
Marasmiellus sp.
, and Lepista Four fungi belong to the Basidiomycota group (Agaricus sp.
sordida, and Marasmiellus ) and one fungus belongs to the Ascomycota group (C.
Each morphological characteristics.
Below is the taxonomic information and morphological characteristics of the fungi collected in this study.
Taxonomy Cookeina tricholoma (Mont.
) Kuntze.
Revisio generum plantarum 2: 849 Synonyms:
Cookeina tricholoma (Mont.
) Kuntze.
Revisio generum plantarum 2: 849 Peziza tricholoma Mont.
Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 2: 77, t.
4:2 .
Pilocratera tricholoma (Mont.
) Henn.
(?)
Trichoscypha tricholoma (Mont.
Cooke.
Syll.
: 160 .
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) Pat.
Gaillard.
Bulletin de la Sociyty Mycologique de France 4 .
: 98
The fruiting bodies of the fungus grow on dead wood, either in clusters or solitary.
The apothecia are cupulate, fleshy, and smooth, with a height of up to 2 cm and a width of 12 cm (Figures 2a-.
The ascomata are cup-shaped, pink when fresh, and slightly orange, surrounded by compound hairs or fine hairs .
up to 2 cm wide (Figures 2a-.
The stipe is pink, surrounded by stiff, bristle-like tomentose hairs (Figures 2a-.
The asci are unitunicate, operculate, and cylindrical with a diameter of 9.
36 m, hyaline (Figure 2.
The ascospores are uniseriate, one-celled, oval, hyaline, aseptate, with 2 oil drops and pale yellow, 12.
848 m wide (Figures 2e and circled in blac.
The ascus encases the spores in a sac called the The apothecium is pale yellow-brown, circular, consisting of several asci (Figure 2.
The results of this study characteristics of the ascus of C.
tricholoma, which were previously not described by Putra et al.
and Hermawan et al.
in the IPB Campus Forest.
This study also confirms the presence of C.
tricholoma as part of the species monitoring activities from 2019 to 2023 in the IPB Campus Forest.
The tricholoma in the IPB Campus Forest has characteristics similar to the specimens reported by Ekanaya et al.
collected from Thailand.
tricholoma typically has a cup shape, pink to reddish color, and prominent hairs on the surface of the ascomata.
Cookeina sp.
showed cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic activity, and MNP .
anganese peroxidas.
productivity (Tangthirasunun & Poeaim, 2.
Fig.
Morphology of Cookeina tricholoma.
a-b: Apothecia growing on a substrate .
Cross-section of an apothecium.
d: Ascus.
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Synonyms:
Amanita Dill.
ex Boehm.
Ludwig Defin.
Gen.
Pl.
: 490 .
Hypophyllum Paulet .
Pratella Pers.
ex Gray.
A natural arrangement of British plants 1: 626 Psaliota (Fr.
) P.
Kumm.
Agaricus tr.
Psalliota Fr.
Systema Mycologicum 1: 280 .
Psalliota (Fr.
) P.
Kumm.
Der Fyhrer in die Pilzkunde: 23, 72 .
Psalliota sect.
Psalliota (Fr.
) P.
Kumm.
: 72 .
The fruiting body has a cap, gills .
, stipe .
, and an annulus on the stipe.
The cap, with a diameter of 4-5 cm, is white with brownish spots, ranging from flat to convex, and is finely scaly across its surface (Figure 3.
The cap margin is slightly serrated with an entire edge.
The free gills are pink, with a hymenophore type accompanied by white powder (Figures 3b, .
The stipe is slightly enlarged at the base, white to brownish in color.
The fruiting body length ranges from 5-6 cm, measured from the top of the cap to the end of the stipe.
The annulus is located in the inferior position, attached to the stipe in a central position, and the type of attachment to the substrate is strigose.
The fruiting body has a soft, cartilaginous texture and lacks a distinctive odor.
Fig.
Morphology of Agaricus sp.
Cap of Agaricus sp.
Stipe with annulus.
Closed Septate hyphae from stipe.
Spores from lamella.
Cystidia from cap.
Pileipellis from cap.
Bar d-g = 20 AAm.
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13 Agustus 2025 Microscopically, the hyphae are septate (Figure 3.
, the spores are ellipsoid, smooth, brown, and thickwalled (Figure 3.
Cystidia have a long cylindrical base (Figure 3.
The pileipellis consists of cylindrical, brown, smooth hyphae that narrow slightly at the septa (Figure 3.
The specimen found in this study shows gills .
still covered by a universal veil, a remnant of basidiocarp development.
Agaricus is a genus with complex species, requiring complete morphological Therefore, morphological identification can only be performed up to the genus level.
et al.
reported that Agaricus is a genus of saprophytic fungi characterized by free lamellae that are white to pink when young, turning brown as they mature, the presence of an annulus on the stipe, and brown to dark brown spore prints.
Cyathus striatus (Huds.
) Willd.
Florae Berolinensis Prodromus: 399 Synonyms:
Peziza hirsuta Schaeff.
Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur Icones 4: 124, t.
Cyathus hirsutus (Schaeff.
) Sacc.
Sylloge Fungorum 17: 214 .
Peziza lentifera L.
Species Plantarum:
Cyathia lentifera (L.
) V.
White.
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 29: 264 .
Cyathus Willd.
Florae Berolinensis Prodromus: 399 .
Peziza hirsuta Schrank.
Baierische Flora 2: 625 .
Nidularia hirsuta (Schran.
Sowerby.
Coloured Figures of English Fungi 1:
striatus is vase-shaped (Figure 4.
and has hairy outer parts.
The outer part and hairs are brown.
The inner part is grooved and white to brownish (Figure 4.
Inside the bowl, there are peridioles (Figure 4.
resembling eggs, which contain The observed C.
striatus is 1 cm x 0.
6 cm.
The spores are oval to ellipsoidal with a central groove (Figure 4.
The spores are colorless or hyaline.
The hyphae are aseptate and overlap (Figure 4.
Identification based on the Cyathus genus key from Indonesia (Hastuti, 2.
confirmed the specimen in this study as C.
This species has a tunicate, folded inner and outer parts, a peridium measuring 8-11 x 7-9 mm, and a fibrillated mouth.
striatus has a bird's nest or bowl-like fruiting body with a narrowed base.
The inner and outer parts are grooved, with the inner surface being smooth and shiny.
striatus has peridioles .
gg-like structure.
containing spores (Hastuti.
Currently, information on the presence and distribution of Cyathus in Indonesia is still very limited, and the only comprehensive report on this fungus in Indonesia is Hastuti's .
There are no reports regarding the edibility of Cyathus mushrooms, but they have pharmaceutical benefits.
Research by Wey et al.
demonstrated that C.
striatus has neurotropic and anti-inflammatory Another study mentioned that this mushroom also exhibits anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, indicating significant potential in the pharmaceutical field (Shervit et al.
Cyathus is also known as a source of antibiotic compounds.
New antibiotics.
Pyristriatins A and B were discovered in the fruiting bodies of Cyathus striatus (Richter et al.
along with Striatins found earlier (Anke et al.
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Morphology of Cyathus striatus.
Fruiting body.
Peridiole.
Peridium.
Hyphae.
Spores Marasmiellus sp.
Synonym: Agaricus candidus NatureServe Unique Identifier:
Element_Global.
(Philips.
The specimen found in the IPB campus forest grows in clusters (Figure 5.
The cap has a diameter of 1-4 cm, ranging from broadly convex to nearly flat, with a smooth, somewhat wrinkled texture and straight margins.
It is white with a slightly yellowish center (Figure 5.
The gills are attached to the stipe, slightly yellowish, thin, and soft (Figure 5.
The stipe is cylindrical, measuring 1-8 cm in length and up to 2 mm thick, tapering from top to base.
It is dry and hollow, yellow to white, with a dark brown or nearly black base, and is smooth, directly attached to the substrate (Figure 5.
The specimen lacks a distinctive odor.
The spores are elongated to oval (Figure 5.
, hyphae are non-septate and thinwalled (Figure 5.
, and the basidia are arranged in a circular flower-like pattern (Figure 5.
The specimen collected in this study is closely related to Marasmiellus sect.
Marasmiellus based on the identification key for Marasmiellus from Java and Bali Retnowati .
However, the pileipellis characteristics of the collected sample have not been observed, leaving some key features Marasmiellus belongs to the Marasmioid group and includes various complex species with close relations not only within species but also among closely related genera (Retnowati, 2.
For future research on Marasmiellus from this study site, incorporating molecular approaches are necessary to confirm the taxonomic identity of this complex species, which is highly influenced by morphological plasticity (Putra et al.
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Morphology of Marasmiellus sp.
Fruiting body.
Cap.
Gills.
Spores.
Hyphae.
Hymenial basidia Lepista sordida (Schumach.
Synonym:
Agaricus Schumach.
Enumeratio Plantarum, in Partibus Syllandiae Septentrionalis Orientalis Crescentium 2: 341 .
Tricholoma sordidum (Schumach.
) P.
Kumm.
Der Fyhrer in die Pilzkunde:
Rhodopaxillus sordidus (Schumach.
Maire.
Annales Mycologici 11 .
Melanoleuca sordida (Schumach.
Murrill.
Mycologia 6 .
: 3 .
Lepista (Schumach.
) Maire, yOtud.
Tricholoma .
Lepista domestica Murrill.
Mycologia : 106 .
Gyrophila sordida (Schumach.
) Quyl.
Enchiridion Fungorum in Europa media et praesertim in Gallia Vigentium: 18 .
Lepista sordida is a saprobic fungus that grows on the ground (Figure 6.
The fruiting body has a pale purple/violet pileus with a depressed center (Figure 6.
The edge of the cap is finely serrated, with a diameter of 5-6 cm.
The adnate gills are a darker purple than the pileus (Figure 6.
The stipe is creamcolored, smooth (Figure 6.
, with overlapping pileipellis (Figure 6.
, clavate basidia (Figure 6.
, and ellipsoidal, hyaline spores (Figure 6.
Previous reports of L.
in Indonesia come from Cibinong.
West Java (Retnowati, 2.
and Tasikmalaya.
West Java (Putra et al.
This study marks the third report of this species in Indonesia.
Morphologically, the species is characterized by a purple cap with a dirty brown layer, deriving its name from the word sordidus, meaning dirty (Putra et al.
The dimensions of the fruiting body and spores from the IPB campus forest specimen match the reports by Retnowati .
and Putra et al.
Lepista sordida is considered edible (Terashima and Fujie, 2.
However, there is no 106 | Diana.
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13 Agustus 2025 information on its utilization as a food source in Indonesia or at the study Several studies have proven that sordida has various benefits, one of which is its antimicrobial properties.
Research by Acharya et al.
demonstrated that this mushroom can inhibit several pathogenic bacteria and Research by Nurhayat et al.
demonstrated that the major volatile compound in L.
sordida, identified using GC-MS, is 4-O-Methylmannose.
This compound has potential as an antitoxic, antimicrobial, anti-protozoal (Leishmani.
, and anti-neoplastic Fig.
Morphology of Lepista sordida.
Fruit body on substrate.
Pileus with umbo.
Lamellae.
Pileipellis.
Basidia with basidiospores.
Basidiospores.
CONCLUSION
This research successfully described and identified five unique fungi in the IPB University campus forest area.
Each fungus has distinct The five identified species are: Cookeina tricholoma.
Agaricus sp.
Cyathus striatus.
Marasmiellus sp.
, and Lepista sordida.
Three of these (C.
sordida, and Marasmiellus sp.
) are edible wild mushrooms.
Four of the fungi belong to the phylum Basidiomycota, while one (C.
belongs to the phylum Ascomycota.
This research contributes to the diversity data of fungi and their distribution information in Indonesia
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author expresses gratitude to the Microbiology Program and the Department of Biology.
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), for providing facilities to support this REFERENCES