International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) Peer Reviewed - International Journal Vol : Vol.
Issue 03.
July 2025 e-ISSN : 2745-9659 https://ijcis.
net/index.
php/ijcis/index The Impact of Website Interactivity on UsersAo Speed in Finding Information: Evidence from Five Top-Ranked Indonesian Universities 1stAgung Teguh Setyadi, 2ndMohammad Robihul Mufid, 3rdPutri Ariatna Alia, 4thAgus Fahruddin, 5thRony Kriswibowo
Teknik Informatika, 3Teknologi Game, 4Teknologi Multimedia Broadcasting, 5Sistem Informasi
1,2,3,4
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya, 5Universitas Anwar Medika
1,2,3,4
Surabaya, 5Sidoarjo.
Indonesia agungteguhsetyadi@pens.
id, mufid@pens.
id, 3ariatna@pens.
id, 4fahruddin@pens.
rkriswibowo@gmail.
AbstractAi University websites serve as primary sources of information for prospective students and the general public.
This study aims to examine the relationship between website interactivity and the efficiency of information retrieval at five of the top ten Indonesian universities according to the QS World University Rankings 2025: ITB.
UGM.
IPB.
ITS, and UI.
A total of 30 participants from various universities in Surabaya were asked to complete three types of information search tasks on two different university websites.
The time taken to complete each task was recorded using a stopwatch.
After completing the tasks, participants completed a questionnaire evaluating their perceptions of the websites' interactivity and ease of use.
A Two-Way ANOVA revealed significant effects of university website, task type, and their interaction on task completion time.
The findings highlight the crucial role of website structure and interactivity in enhancing usersAo efficiency when searching for information.
A significant interaction effect was found between website interactivity and task completion time (F = 4.
395, p < .
Keywords : Human Computer Interaction.
UI/UX Website.
Webisite Interactivity Test.
ANOVA
INTRODUCTION
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is the study of how humans interact with computers, focusing on the design and evaluation of user interfaces and technologies in both practical and academic contexts.
In HCI, humans provide input to computersAisuch as typing on a keyboard, clicking a button, or using touchscreen gesturesAiand receive output in the form of feedback, enabling two-way interaction.
Newer technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) have further expanded the ways users interact with digital systems.
These interactions form the foundation of User Experience (UX), which refers to users' overall perceptions, emotions, and satisfaction when engaging with a digital product or system.
A well-designed user experience aims to make these interactions efficient, intuitive, and enjoyable.
An important aspect of user experience is the interactivity of university websites, which can influence how quickly users are able to find For example, a well-designed website can help prospective students or parents easily access essential information such as the admission process, the list of faculties or departments, available scholarships for underprivileged students, and extracurricular activities offered by the university.
In previous studies, website interactivity has been shown to influence user preferences .
User preferences are part of the overall user experience and Journal IJCIS homepage - https://ijcis.
net/index.
php/ijcis/index can vary from person to person.
These preferences can affect usersAo ability to find information efficiently .
The efficiency of web browsing influences how long a user spends searching for information.
It can be inconvenient and frustrating if users take too long to locate what they need.
The efficiency of web browsing depends on how well a website is structured .
well-structured website allows users to find information more quickly.
However, the specific effect of website interactivity on the speed of finding information remains underexplored.
Website interactivity is an important component that can be implemented in various ways, depending on the websiteAos specific goals .
Interactivity has been proven to influence user preferences .
Because the implementation of interactivity differs across websites, user preferences also vary.
Perceived website interactivity is associated with factors such as efficiency, enjoyment, trust, and loyalty .
Efficiency refers to the ability to perform tasks properly and accurately, without wasting time, effort, or resources.
As noted earlier, the efficiency of web browsing depends on how well a website is structured .
In this study, the efficiency of interactive websites is the main focus.
Previous studies investigating the effect of website design on user preferences have shown that users respond more positively to websites with higher interactivity and tend to prefer more interactive sites .
Research .
conducted two experimental studies to examine how users evaluated interface designs Page 230 International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) Peer Reviewed - International Journal Vol : Vol.
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php/ijcis/index commonly used on mobile news websites.
They found that homepage structures and mobile page designs had a significant impact on perceived ease of use, reading time, and the overall reading experience.
In the digital age, university websites function not only as information portals but also as the primary gateways through which prospective students, parents, and the academic community access institutional As expectations for fast and seamless information access continue to rise, the role of website interactivity becomes increasingly critical.
A website that is difficult to navigate or lacks responsive features may hinder users from efficiently retrieving the information they need, leading to frustration and potentially undermining the institution's credibility.
Therefore, understanding how interactivity influences user behaviorAiparticularly in terms of the time required to locate specific informationAiis essential for enhancing user satisfaction and ensuring effective digital communication within the higher education In light of the issues discussed above, this study investigated the effect of website interactivity at five of the top ten Indonesian universities, as ranked by the QS World University Rankings 2025 .
, on user experience and the speed of retrieving information.
This paper is organized into the following sections:
the Research Methods section describes the participants involved in the study, including their age range and backgrounds, as well as the data collection process and experimental procedures.
The Results and Analysis section presents the findings related to task completion speed across the five university websites, focusing on quantitative outcomes.
Finally, the Conclusion section provides a summary of key results and implications for website design in the higher education sector.
interactivity testing.
The selected universities are Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB).
Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM).
Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB).
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), and Universitas Indonesia (UI).
Figure 1.
ITB homepage .
https://w.
ITB.
id/).
Figure 2.
UGM homepage .
https://w.
UGM.
id/).
II.
RESEARCH METHODS
This study employed a quantitative approach to test website interactivity, involving 30 participants.
All participants were university students in Surabaya, representing various educational levels.
The group consisted of 22 men and 8 women, aged between 18 and 30 years.
All participants were familiar with searching for information online but had never accessed the websites of any of the universities included in this study.
1 UI/UX Interaction Testing This study compares the websites of the top ten Indonesian universities, based on the QS World University Rankings .
ee Figures 1Ae.
From these ten universities, five were selected for website Journal IJCIS homepage - https://ijcis.
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php/ijcis/index Figure 3.
IPB homepage .
https://w.
id/).
Figure 4.
ITS homepage .
https://w.
id/).
Page 231 International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) Peer Reviewed - International Journal Vol : Vol.
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July 2025 e-ISSN : 2745-9659 https://ijcis.
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php/ijcis/index Figure 5.
UI homepage .
https://w.
UI.
id/).
At the beginning of the study, we developed a testing procedure to be used with the participants.
The procedure, illustrated in Figure 6, is described below.
The study was introduced to several participants, and those who expressed interest were invited to Participants were asked to sit or position themselves comfortably before beginning the task.
Each participant was instructed to complete a personal data form.
A browser application commonly used by each participant was opened to carry out the task.
Participants were directed to access the websites of two different universities.
The task instructions were explained, including that participants were allowed to use any available language and features on the website.
Participants performed the tasks while their completion time was measured using a stopwatch and recorded in a spreadsheet.
Upon completing the tasks, participants filled out a responsiveness, and ease of use of the websites.
As a token of appreciation, participants were given lollipops for their involvement in the study.
participant was required to complete all three.
These undergraduate admissions, identifying the list of faculties, and finding the name of the current university rector.
A between-subjects design was employed, wherein each participant was assigned to one or more conditions to ensure that they were only exposed to a specific user interface or a limited set of interfaces.
This study investigates the effect of website interactivity on the time it takes users to find informationAiessentially, how efficiently website design supports the user experience.
The five university websites selected are known to exhibit varying degrees of interactivity, making them suitable for comparative analysis.
Based on these differences, this study hypothesizes that higher levels of website interactivity will have a significant influence on usersAo speed and efficiency in retrieving information.
2 Two-Way ANOVA Two-Way ANOVA is a statistical method used to assess the impact of two independent categorical variables .
on one continuous dependent variable, including whether an interaction effect exists between the two factors .
This method tests:
A Main effect of Factor A A Main effect of Factor B A Interaction effect between A and B To examine the effect of website interactivity on usersAo speed in finding information, a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed.
This statistical method was selected to analyze the impact of two independent variablesAinamely, the university website .
ith five levels: ITB.
UGM.
IPB.
ITS, and UI) and the type of task .
ith three levels: task 1, task 2, and task .
Aion the dependent variable, which was the time .
n second.
required to complete each information search task.
The two-way ANOVA model .
used in this study is expressed as:
Yijk= i j ()ij Aijk Figure 6.
Flowchart Testing Procedure In this study, participants were tasked with finding specific information on various university websites.
Three tasks were assigned for each website, and every Journal IJCIS homepage - https://ijcis.
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php/ijcis/index .
Where :
Yijk : the observed time taken by participant k under university i and task j, : the overall mean time across all groups, i : the effect of the ith university website, j : the effect of the jth task type, ()ij : the interaction effect between university and Aijk : the random error term.
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php/ijcis/index i.
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
1 Between-subjects A between-subjects design was employed in this study, in which each participant was tested under specific conditions and exposed to only one or a limited number of website interfaces.
This design was chosen to minimize potential learning effects or fatigue that might result from repeated exposure to similar tasks across multiple websites.
The data collected from participants are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1.
Between-subjects factors.
Value Label
University ITB
UGM
IPB
ITS
Task 00 T1 (Student Admission Inf.
00 T T2 (List Facult.
00 T3 (University Rector Inf.
This study employed a between-subjects experimental design to evaluate the impact of website interactivity on user efficiency in finding information.
A total of 30 participants, consisting of university students from various institutions in Surabaya, were recruited for the experiment.
All participants had experience in browsing websites but had never previously accessed any of the university websites tested in this study.
Each participant was assigned to interact with two different university.
Each website was evaluated through three standardized tasks: .
locating information about new undergraduate student registration, .
identifying the list of faculties, and .
finding the name of the current As a result, each participant completed six tasks in total .
hree tasks per website y two website.
To ensure balanced data distribution and prevent learning effects or fatigue, participants were randomly assigned to website-task combinations.
With this configuration, each university website was evaluated by 12 participants, resulting in 36 task observations per university .
participants y 3 task.
Additionally, each individual task (Task 1.
Task 2, and Task .
was performed 60 times across all website conditions .
participants y 2 website.
, resulting in a total of 180 observations collected during the study.
This design allowed for reliable comparisons across university websites and task types, with the primary goal of examining how website interactivity influences the speed of information retrieval by users.
Journal IJCIS homepage - https://ijcis.
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php/ijcis/index 2 Descriptive statistics Table 2 presents the descriptive statistics summarizing the average task completion times, measured in seconds, for each of the three tasks.
The average completion time for all tasks across all universities .
rand mea.
37 seconds, with a standard deviation of 41.
44 seconds, indicating a substantial variability in performance depending on the website and task complexity.
Among all universities.
Universitas Indonesia (UI) demonstrated the highest overall efficiency, with a mean completion time of 14.
53 seconds.
All three tasks on the UI website were completed quickly, with the lowest average time observed for Task 2 (M = 8.
, suggesting an effective and user-oriented information structure.
Conversely, the website of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) yielded the longest average completion time of 67.
00 seconds, with Task 3 requiring an average of 116.
50 seconds to complete.
This result suggests potential usability issues, such as poor information placement or complex navigation Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) also recorded a relatively high overall mean (M = 37.
, with Task 3 again being the most time-consuming (M = 73.
In comparison.
ITB and UGM had moderate performance levels, with overall means of 23.
11 s and 78 s, respectively.
The descriptive findings highlight significant disparities in user efficiency across websites and task Both website interactivity and the nature of the information sought appear to affect how quickly users retrieve relevant content.
Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics Std.
University Task
Mean
Deviation Task1
Task2
ITB
Task3
Total
Task1
Task2
UGM
Task3
Total
Task1
Task2
IPB
Task3
Total
Task1
Task2
ITS
Task3 Total Task1 Page 233 International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) Peer Reviewed - International Journal Vol : Vol.
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php/ijcis/index Total Task2 Task3 Total Task1 Task2 Task3 Total Figure 7 illustrates the average task completion time required by participants when searching for information on the websites of five top Indonesian The data clearly indicate variation in performance across different university websites.
Among all universities tested.
Universitas Indonesia (UI) had the lowest average task completion time, with participants requiring approximately 14.
seconds to complete the tasks.
This suggests that UI's website offers a more efficient, user-friendly interface that facilitates faster information retrieval.
In contrast.
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) recorded the highest average completion time of 67 seconds, indicating possible usability issues, lower interactivity, or less intuitive navigation design compared to the other university websites.
Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB).
Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), and Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) showed moderate performance, with average times of 23.
11, 19.
78, and 37.
42 seconds, respectively.
Although these sites performed better than ITS, they were still slower than UI.
Overall, the graph provides evidence that the design and interactivity level of university websites significantly influence the speed at which users can locate desired information.
A well-structured and interactive web interface can lead to faster task performance, supporting the hypothesis of this study.
usersAo speed in completing information search tasks.
As shown in Table 3, there was a significant interaction effect between university website and task on completion time (F = 4.
395, p < .
This interaction was primarily driven by considerable variations in task completion times among participants during the experimental trials.
The model yielded an R-squared value of 0.
indicating that approximately 48.
6% of the variance in task completion time could be explained by the combined effects of university, task, and their The adjusted R-squared value of 0.
further supports the robustness and reliability of the These results highlight that website interactivity significantly influences both user efficiency and Universities with lower average task completion times, such as Universitas Indonesia (UI), demonstrated more effective user-centered web In contrast, websites with higher completion times, such as Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), may benefit from improvements in information architecture and task-specific usability features to enhance user experience.
Table 3.
Tests of between-subjects effect Two Way ANOVA.
Source Type Sum Squares i Mean Square Sig.
Corrected 149320.
Model Intercept University 64344.
Task University 33668.
* Task Error Total Corrected 307337.
Total Figure 7.
Task Completion Time 3 Two-Way ANOVA Results Two-way ANOVAs were conducted to examine the effect of website interactivity on user performance across the university websites of ITB.
UGM.
IPB.
ITS, and UI (Table .
The dependent variable was the Journal IJCIS homepage - https://ijcis.
net/index.
php/ijcis/index R Squared = ,486 (Adjusted R Squared = ,.
The level of interactivity embedded within each university's website plays a meaningful role in how efficiently users are able to complete informationseeking tasks.
Specifically, websites with higher Page 234 International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) Peer Reviewed - International Journal Vol : Vol.
Issue 03.
July 2025 e-ISSN : 2745-9659 https://ijcis.
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php/ijcis/index interactivity and better-structured navigation systems were associated with significantly faster task completion times.
Conversely, websites with lower interactivity tended to cause delays and confusion, resulting in longer times spent searching for the required information The presence of a significant interaction effect suggests that the influence of website interactivity on user performance is not uniform across all task types.
In other words, the degree to which interactivity improves performance may vary depending on the complexity or nature of the information being sought.
These results highlight the importance of thoughtful web design, especially in academic institutions, where the accessibility and clarity of information are crucial to prospective students, parents, and other VI.
CONCLUSION
This study investigated the impact of website interactivity on usersAo efficiency in retrieving information across five of the top ten Indonesian Utilizing a between-subjects experimental design and two-way ANOVA analysis, the results demonstrated that both the university website and the type of task had a statistically significant effect on user performance, as measured by task completion Moreover, a significant interaction effect was observed between the website and task type, indicating that the usability and efficiency of website interactivity are task-dependent.
Among the tested websites.
Universitas Indonesia (UI) consistently yielded the shortest average task completion time, reflecting a well-structured, intuitive, and user-centered interface.
Conversely.
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) recorded the longest completion times, highlighting potential usability issues and the need for improved information architecture and navigation flow.
These findings underscore the critical role of interactive and well-organized university websites in enhancing user efficiency and overall user experience.
As digital platforms increasingly serve as the primary point of contact for prospective students and stakeholders, universities are strongly encouraged to adopt user-centered design principles.
Special attention should be given to optimizing the accessibility and clarity of essential information such as admissions procedures, faculty directories, and institutional leadership profiles.
Future research is recommended to expand upon these findings by incorporating additional user variables such as digital literacy, device type, or cognitive load, as well as exploring cross-cultural Journal IJCIS homepage - https://ijcis.
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php/ijcis/index differences in user interface preferences within higher education digital ecosystems.
REFERENCES