Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 13.
: 78-81.
August 2024 ISSN .
2477-5185 | ISSN .
2302-6030 http://jurnal.
id/index.
php/jak/ OPEN ACCESS Analysis of calcium (C.
and phosphorus (P) levels in meti shells (Batissa violacea L.
*Yadi Sumarsono.
Baharuddin Hamzah, & Reny Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia/FKIP Ae Universitas Tadulako.
Palu Ae Indonesia 94119 Received 03 June 2024.
Revised 13 June 2024.
Accepted 18 June 2024 doi: 10.
22487/j24775185.
Abstract Meti clams (Batissa violacea L) are one of the types of shellfish that live in freshwater.
Shell waste contains high levels of calcium carbonate .
% by weigh.
and has potential for utilization.
This research aims to determine the calcium (C.
and phosphorus (P) levels in meti shells (Batissa violacea L.
) from Woomparigi Village.
North Morowali Regency.
Analysis of calcium levels (C.
using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) at wavelengths of 422.
7nm and phosphorus levels (P) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 590nm.
The results show that the average concentration of Calcium (C.
58%, while the average concentration of Phosphorus (P) is 2.
Keywords: Batissa violacea l.
, calcium, meti clams, phosphorus, sell The high concentration of calcium carbonate in Introduction clam shells is reflected in their hardness.
The harder Clams are the name of a group of bivalve the shell, the higher the calcium carbonate content mollusks from the Cardiidae family, which is one of (Setyowati, 2.
the fishery commodities that have long been The macro mineral content of freshwater cultivated as a side business for coastal communities mussel shells from the Riau area is calcium 31.
(Moore et a.
, 2.
Clam shells contain several sodium 3.
62%, potassium 3.
24%, phosphorus minerals, including calcium, which is needed by the 0.
33%, and magnesium 0.
While the highest human body.
Shell waste has been primarily used as micro mineral levels of iron and zinc were 2.
craft materials, such as wall hangings and interior and 0.
91%, respectively (Khairiyah et al.
, 2.
designs (Nurjanah et al.
, 2.
In addition to their comparatively high The freshwater mussel (Batissa violacea L.
macro- and micromineral content, freshwater von Lamarck, 1.
is one of the species of animals mussel shells are predominantly composed of from the Bivalve class (Kroini et al.
, 2.
This type calcium carbonate (CaCOCE), which plays a vital role of mussel is found in abundance in the Tokala River, in determining their mechanical strength and North Bungku Sub-District.
North Morowali hardness.
Because of its high CaCO3 content.
District.
Central Sulawesi.
Local people widely use mussel shell waste is a viable natural calcium source this freshwater clam for consumption and sale as a for a number of uses, such as fertilisers, adsorbents, source of livelihood.
According to Gykolu .
, catalysts, biomaterials, and a precursor for the methi mussel shells contain 1.
298 ppm cobalt, 2.
734 manufacture of hydroxyapatite (Srichanachaichok ppm copper, 122.
406 ppm iron, 53.
432 ppm & Pissuwan, 2.
According to earlier research, manganese, and 0.
896 ppm zinc.
mussel shells have a calcium carbonate content of Methi clam (Batissa violacea L.
) is one type up to 98% by weight, which is higher than that of of clam that lives in freshwater.
The shells contain several other calcium sources, including limestone calcium carbonate (CaCO.
This can be seen from and eggshells (Hart, 2.
the hardness of the shell.
The harder the shell, the This high mineral concentration suggests that higher the calcium carbonate content (Fahmiati et mussel shell waste has significant potential as a , 2.
Clam shells contain higher levels of value-added raw material for a variety of industrial calcium carbonate (CaCO.
than limestone, and environmental applications, as well as to reduce eggshells, ceramics, or other materials.
Clam shell environmental pollution associated with shell waste contains high levels of calcium carbonate disposal (Summa et al.
, 2.
Based on this reason, .
% by weigh.
, which has potential for utilization.
the purpose of this study is to determine calcium a *Correspondence:
Yadi Sumarsono e-mail: sumarsonoyadi@gmail.
A 2024 the Author.
retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.
0 International, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Volume, 13.
No.
3, 2024, 78-81
Jurnal Akademika Kimia (C.
and phosphorus (P) levels in meti shells (Batissa violacea L.
measuring its absorption with an atomic absorption Calcium metal was measured at a wavelength of 422.
7 nm (Sumarlin et al.
, 2.
Methods Phosphorus Level Analysis with UV-Vis Spectrometer Tools and materials The tools used in this research are GBC 932 AA Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA).
UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, dropper pipette, vaporizer cup, gegep, filter paper, funnel, spray bottle, 10 mL measuring cup, 25, 50, 100, and 1000 mL volumetric flask, 50 mL beaker, stirring rod, spatula, m Medcenter oven.
FB1410M furnace, and ARC-120 digital balance.
The materials used in this study were methi freshwater mussel shells (Batissa Violacea L.
), clean water, distilled water, 65% concentrated HNO3 solution (E-Merc.
, calcium nitrate (Ca(NO.
mother liquor (Ajax Chemical.
, monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO.
mother liquor (E-Merc.
, hydrochloric acid (HC.
, filter paper, and tissue.
The prepared sample solution is taken in a 2 mL volumetric flask and diluted with distilled water to the mark in a 50 mL volumetric flask.
The phosphorus level in the sample solution was determined by measuring its absorption with a UVVis spectrophotometer.
Metal phosphorus was measured at a wavelength of 590 nm (Hesti et al.
Results and Discussion The results of the research on the determination of calcium and phosphorus levels in methi mussel shells (Batissa violacea L.
) include data on moisture content, ash content, standard solution absorption, and calcium and phosphorus concentrations determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) UV-Vis these are presented in Table 1.
Determination of ash content A 10-gram sample of methi shells was placed in a vaporizer cup whose weight was known using a digital balance.
The methi mussel shells were then fumigated in a furnace at 700AC for 3 hours, producing a grayish ash, which was cooled in a desiccator, weighed, and the ash content was The sample was then determined by using the following formula (Yatsin et al.
, 2.
% Ash content = Ash weight Dry weight y 100% Table 1.
Average data of moisture content and ash content in methi mussel (Batissa violacea L.
) shell No.
Methi clam shell sample Water content Ash content The absorbance measurements of 5-25 ppm calcium and phosphorus standard solutions .
g/L) are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
Sample preparation for analysis The methi shell ash sample was weighed at 10 grams, added concentrated HNO3 little by little until the sample dissolved, then filtered until the filtrate and residue were separated.
In this study, only the filtrate was taken, and the residue was not The obtained filtrate was diluted with distilled water in a 100 mL volumetric flask to the mark (Sumarlin et al.
, 2.
Table 2.
Absorbance of phosphorus standard solution 5 - 25 pp.
Preparation of calcium and phosphorus standard solutions 1000 ppm Ie 100 ppm 10 mL of the prepared calcium and phosphorus solution was transferred into a 100 mL volumetric flask and made up to the mark with distilled water (Suarsa et al.
, 2.
Concentration .
Absorbance Table 3.
Absorbance of the calcium standard 5 - 25 ppm Calibration Curve Creation Calcium and phosphorus standard solutions at 100 ppm are used to prepare a standard series at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm.
Fill a 100 mL volumetric flask with each standard solution of calcium and phosphorus at 100 ppm, in volumes of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mL, and dilute with distilled water to the Then measure the absorbance at 422.
7 nm for calcium and at 590 nm for phosphorus, and create linear regression equations and calibration curves in Microsoft Excel (Zakiyah et al.
, 2.
Concentration .
Absorbance Calcium and phosphorus calibration curves were obtained from absorbance measurements of standard solutions of these elements in Tables 2 From the linear regression program, linear regression equations were obtained for calcium (Y = 0.
r = 0.
in Figure 1 and for Calcium Content Analysis by SSA The prepared sample solution is taken in a 1 mL volumetric flask and diluted with distilled water to the mark in a 100 mL volumetric flask.
Calcium content in the sample solution was determined by Yadi Sumarsono et al.
phosphorus (Y = 0.
0052x - 0.
r = 0.
in Figure 2.
mussel shell sample was 95.
After determining the ash content of the sample, the resulting ash was dissolved by adding concentrated HNO3.
After that, it is added to distilled water, then filtered and diluted with distilled water in a 100 mL volumetric flask until the sample volume reaches exactly the limit The purpose of adding concentrated nitric acid is to dissolve the metals to be analyzed and oxidize residual organic compounds from the sooting process (Sumarlin et al.
, 2.
Calcium (C.
levels in clam shell samples were obtained using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (SSA) with a cathode lamp appropriate to the type of metal to be analyzed.
The sample solution was measured at a wavelength of This spectrophotometer is selected because it has high sensitivity, is fast, is specific to the element being determined, and can measure very low concentrations in the sample.
In addition, analysis using SSA enables simultaneous determination of several types of minerals/metals in a material .
, as the absorbance or emission of each metal can be measured at specific wavelengths corresponding to its type (Ramadani, 2.
Based on the analysis and calculation results, taking into account the dilution factor, the calcium content in the shells of Methi (Batissa violacea L.
was found to be 14.
58%, calculated on a dry weight Calcium levels in other shells vary greatly depending on the type of shell and the sampling Green clam shells (Perna virdi.
have a calcium content of 34.
93 (Kurnyawaty et al.
, 2.
blood clam shells (Anadara granos.
vary between 30% and 70%.
(Larasati et al.
Moreover, pearl clam shells (Pinctada margaritifer.
have levels of 54% to 3.
63% (Kalesaran et al.
, 2.
Phosphorus levels in the samples were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 590 nm.
The UV-Vis spectrophotometer is a spectroscopic analysis technique that uses near-ultraviolet .
-380 n.
and visible .
-780 n.
light sources.
Therefore, the sample solution to be analyzed must be colored.
Based on the results of analysis and calculation, taking into account the dilution factor, the phosphorus content in the shells of Methi (Batissa violacea L.
) is 2.
01%, calculated on a dry weight basis.
When compared with other shells, this result is quite high.
Simping (Placuna placent.
shells contain phosphorus (P) levels of 0.
and blood clam shells (Anandara granos.
00049% (Ramadani, 2.
Figure 1.
Calcium (C.
standard curve Figure 2.
Phosphorus (P) standard curve Based on the dilution factor calculation, the calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the dried methi shell samples are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
Table 4.
Calcium concentration in meti clam shells Sample Treatment Absorbance Concentration .
i Cangkang Average Table 5.
Phosphorus concentration in clam shells Sample Treatment Absorbance Cangkang Meti Average Concentration P .
i Conclusions Based on the results of the research and discussion that have been presented, the research on the analysis of calcium and phosphorus levels of Meti clam shell waste (Batissa violacea L.
) caught by the people of Woomparigi village.
North Morowali district in Tokala River can be concluded: The analysis showed that the shells of Meti (Batissa violacea L) contain chemical elements and Ash content is determined using the dry ashing method.
The principle of this analysis is to oxidize all organic substances at high temperatures .
round 550AC), then weigh the substances left behind after the combustion process (Basrin, 2.
Ash content is obtained by comparing the ash weight to the sample's initial weight, then multiplying by 100%.
The ash content of the methi Volume, 13.
No.
3, 2024, 78-81
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Khairiyah.
Fatma.
Kabangnga.
, &
Fitriyani.
Characteristics of the windowpane oyster flour mineral content .
lacuna placenta linnaeus, 1.
Jurnal Airaha, 11.
, 151Ae156.
https://doi.
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Larasati.
Nurtanto.
, & Utami.
Effect of duck egg shell ash with fly ash as cement substitution in geopolymer concrete.
Berkala Sainstek, 10.
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Ramadani.
Kandungan kalsium dan fosfor pada cangkang kerang simping .
lacuna placent.
dan kerang darah .
nadara granos.
yang berasal dari perairan Pesisir Banyuasin.
Sumatera Selatan.
Unpublished undergraduateAos Palembang: Universitas Sriwijaya.
Setyowati.
, & Chairudin.
Kajian limbah cangkang kerang sebagai alternatif bahan amelioran di lahan gambut.
Jurnal Agrotek Lestari, 2.
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Srichanachaichok.
, & Pissuwan.
Micro/Nano structural investigation and characterization of mussel shell waste in Thailand as a feasible bioresource of CaO.
Materials, 16.
, 1Ae11.
Suarsa.
Bawa.
Santi.
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Produksi tepung tulang ikan tuna .
hunnus s.
dengan metode kering sebagai sumber kalsium dan fosfor untuk pembuatan Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia, 8.
, 19Ae https://doi.
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Sumarlin.
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Hendrawati, & Wulandari.
Kadar logam merkuri (H.
dan batas aman konsumsi kerang hijau .
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Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 22.
, 264Ae269.
https://doi.
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Trends and opportunities of bivalve shellsAo waste valorization in a prospect of circular blue Resources, 11.
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Pengaruh lama perebusan terhadap nilai sensori dan komposisi proksimat kerang pokea .
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Journal Fish Protech, 5.
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https://doi.
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Zakiyah.
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Analysis of phosphorus and potassium levels in organic fertilizer in the integrated laboratory of Jombang District Agriculture Office.
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research, 3.
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compounds, namely Ca content and P content of 58% and 2.
01%, respectively.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the laboratory assistants at the FKIP Chemistry Laboratory and the MIPA Chemistry Laboratory.
Tadulako University, as well as all those who helped with the implementation of this research.
References