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Analysis of Derivation Found in The Jakarta Post Headlines Muhammad Zaki Pahrul Hadi (English Literature Study Program.
Universitas Bumigora.
Indonesi.
*e-mail: zakipahrul@universitasbumigora.
Abstract The term derivation has been defined as the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or stem.
It typically occurs by the addition of an affix.
This study is a qualitative research on derivational morphemes entitled Aua study of derivational morphemes used in The Jakarta Post headlinesAy.
It answers the types of derivational morphemes in The Jakarta Post Headlines, aiming at finding their types and Data of this research are qualitative in type and sentence containing derivational words taken from The Jakarta Post.
In gathering the data, this research used metode simak .
bserving metho.
Extraingual method was used to analyze the data to find out the principles or rules of derivational morpheme types.
This research shows that there are three types of derivational morphemes the most frequently used namely noun derived from verb, adjectives derived from verbs, adjectives derived from Keywords : derivation, derivational morpheme, the Jakarta post headlines.
INTRODUCTION
Language plays very important role human life which is needed by all people in the world to interact with others and to convey some information.
Language is system of sound, words and patterns used by human to communicate thought and feeling.
(Hornby, 1989:.
Hadi .
proposed in his research that language is a system or a unit of system produced by people to speak or to convey some information.
Chaer .
also defines language as a system.
phonological system, morphological system, syntactic system and lexicon system.
According to Thomas .
language JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humanior.
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is a system or a unit of system .
ound system, grammatical system, and meaning Sound system is a system of language which discusses how a language pronounced correctly.
As we know.
English words are often pronounced differently from the text written.
In term of this case, the branch of linguistics which discusses about how to pronounce words clearly is phonology.
Grammatical system is a system of language concerning on sentence production.
Hadi .
also proposed in his study that language is a system or a unit of system produced by people to speak or to convey some information.
There are two branch of linguistics which discusses about grammatical system namely morphology and syntax (Chaer: 2.
Morphology is a branch of linguistics which discusses how to form words correctly, while syntax is a branch of linguistics which concerns on the discussion of producing sentences, phrases, and clauses.
Meaning system is a system of language which concern on the discussion of sentence meaning produced by people.
A branch of linguistics which discusses meaning of language is called semantics.
Semantics is a branch of linguistics which concerns on the discussion of the meaning of sentences produced by people.
Based on the description above, the writer concluded that Derivation is the process of adding derivational morphemes, which create a new word from existing words, sometimes by simply changing grammatical category.
Semantics is a branch of linguistics dealing with the meaning of words, phrases and sentences (Yule G.
However, contrary to pragmatics it does not analyze the intended speaker meaning, or what words denote on a given occasion, but the objective, conventional meaning.
A word has a meaning with a certain relation among other Understanding the nature of meaning is crucial in studying the language since meaning is the basis of communication.
Lyons .
7: .
mentiones that research on the meaning of words is the study which deals with meaning relations of some words which can be grouped into a semantic field.
The words that divide the semantic field of a word are mutually exclusive, it means that every word in certain class or group has its own meaning that cannot be substituted with the meaning of the other words.
Nida JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humanior.
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5: .
adds that semantic field or semantic domain consists essentially of a group of meaning .
y no means restricted to those reflected in single word.
which share certain semantic components.
Booij .
says that inflection is the morphological marking of properties on a word resulting in a number of forms for that word, a set of grammatical words.
According to Delahunty and Garvey .
English has only eight inflectional morphemes, they are: plural noun, genitive/possessive of noun phrase, comparative adjective, superlative adjective, third person singular present tense verb, past tense, present participle/progressive, and past participle.
According to Wagner .
derivation builds new words by adding morphemes to stem.
these morphemes are added to the target stem by affixation, through prefixes and suffixes.
In the process of derivation, the form and the class of word are changed.
It automatically also changes the Derivational suffixes, however, are used to change both meaning and use of existing lexical items.
In other words, when a derivational morpheme is added to a word, it Auresults in either a different part of speech or the same part of speech with a different lexical meaningAy (Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman 1999: .
For example.
Ae ment, as in the word achievement .
chieve men.
, makes a noun from a verb, changing both the part of speech and the meaning.
The derivational processes can change the patternof the words e.
N become V, etc.
it also can make the meaning of certain word broader as well as more specific (Wati, 2.
In other words, derivation can create the input to inflection.
A new lexeme that has been yielded by derivation can subsequently undergo inflection in order to ensure that the word has appropriate grammatical properties for the syntactic position in which it occurs.
(Nurngaini,I, al, 2.
Finally.
Jackendoff and Bybee argue that derivation is a set of static paradigmatic lexical relations.
(Beard.
The Jakarta Post is a national English newspapers in Indonesia.
The use of English is expected to give opportunity for foreigners to participate in reading the news.
Besides, this is alsohelpful for foreign learners to take the English data from the JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humanior.
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This is also one of the reasons why The Jakarta Post is taken as a source of data in this study.
In addition, headline news contents the most important news in every edition of this newspaper.
Sometimes it tells about disaster, politics, economy, and other Furthermore, some previous studies done by researchers that conducted the research in this area will also be discussed as the additional references.
Some students who have done the research on derivational morphemes are as he following.
Lestari.
Puji .
conducted the research on the used of derivational and inflectional morphemes in the jakarta post article.
She described about derivational morphemes, inflectional morphemes, found in The Jakarta post article published on January 2, 2012.
The result of the research showed that there are many kinds of derivational and inflectional morphemes found in The Jakarta post article namely.
the derivational process from verbs formed from nouns, verbs from adjectives, verbs from verbs, adjectives derived from verbs, adjectives derived from nouns, and adjectives derived from adjectives.
Some types of inflected process also described in this research, namely possessive inflection, comparative inflection, plural inflection, present participle inflection past tense inflection and third singular person inflection.
Anggraeni.
Desita .
conducted a study on word formation process in outdoor advertisement, a case study of billboard installed in Semarang.
The result of the research showed that there are 100 slang words contained in the ads Billboard in Semarang.
40 of them are compounding process, 4 borrowing, 13 coinage, 7 initialization and acronym, blending 11, 9 clipping, 1 conversion, 9 inflections and derivation process.
However, these two previews studies are still far from perfect due to the various kinds of the object of the research.
The less object of the study in a research, the more effective the result.
For this reason, the writer only will focus on the process of derivational found in the Jakarta post headline published on June 29, 2013.
Based on the description above, this study is conducted to answer the research problem on what types of derivational morphemes found in The Jakarta Post Hence, the writer tries to find the process of derivational morphemes as the JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humanior.
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object of this research.
The process is taken as the object of investigation since the writer was curious about the phenomena resulted from it.
The purposes of this study are to describe the types of of derivational words that used in the headline news columns in The Jakarta Post newspaper.
The area of this study is morphology, especially for investigating the Derivational Morphemes in The Jakarta Post headlines published on June 29.
RESEARCH METHOD
In this research, the writer used a qualitative descriptive study, because this research doesnAot take the percentage, average, chi Ae square and other statistical computations, so that the writer becomes the main instrument in the research.
The writer investigated the headlines of The Jakarta Post.
thus the data were in derivational words that used in the headline news columns in The Jakarta Post newspaper.
It is also descriptive because the writer describes derivational words that used in the headline news columns in The Jakarta Post newspaper.
The writer takes The Jakarta Post headlines as the population to be generalized.
Due to the limitation of time, cost, and energy, the writer only takes one sample edition of The Jakarta Post headlined to generalize the other editions.
It is related to Samarin .
in Mahsun .
, only one good sample is needed to generalize the language syntactic aspects.
The writer doesnAot include the informant because this study is not related to spoken or body language research.
In gathering the data, the writer used library method and writing technique as a continuation technique.
In the library method, the written sources are used, such as:
magazines, newspapers, general reading books, etc.
(Subroto: 1992: 41-.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Based on the research problem, this research is conducted to concerning of Derivational This term will be discussed by analyzing the word one by one in order to make a good research.
The words are taken from the headline news columns in The Jakarta Post newspaper published on June 29, 2013 The following are some types of derivational process used in the The Jakarta Post newspaper published on June 29, 2013:
Noun derived from verb.
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When a noun is derived from a verb, the verb is one that can predicate some action.
This predication is turned into a name that designates the act.
the product or result of the the agent or means of carrying out the act.
the entity affected by the act.
or the place where the act occurs.
Data 1.
Based on data released by the Trade Ministry, the allocation of items in the raw food basket that contribute to inflation Ai shallots, onions and chili total 16,781 tons, 10.
tons and 16,781 tons respectively.
(The Jakarta Post.
Makassar | Headlines | Sat.
June 29 In this case, the word allocation is derived from verb allocate.
the word allocation is the product or result of the act allocate.
Data 2.
The 76 horticulture companies will be among the first importers benefitting from a new licensing system made available by a Trade Minister regulation introduced in late April.
(The Jakarta Post.
Makassar | Headlines | Sat.
June 29 2.
The word importers is derived from the verb import.
The suffix Aeer is function as noun in order to product the noun person or agent.
Data 3.
The government is preparing to allow telecoms operators to block the use of illegally imported mobile phones, a move which is expected to encourage mobile phone manufacturers to open factories in Indonesia.
(The Jakarta Post.
Makassar | Headlines | Sat.
June 29 2.
The word government is derived from the verb govern.
In this case the suffix of Aement is used to produce the noun person.
Adjectives derived from verbs Adjectives derived from verbs are either active-subjective or passiveobjective (Magnusson and Persson 1986:195Ae.
An envious person is one who envies, an enviable person is one that we envy, one to be envied.
Envious is active-subjective, enviable is passive-objective.
A verb has two participles.
the present participle with -ing is often an JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humanior.
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active-subjective adjective: amusing, charming, interesting.
the past participle, with -ed, en or something else, is often a passiveobjective adjective: amused, broken, interested.
The following data is found in The Jakarta Post Headlines:
Data 4.
Under the regulation, the government simplified the administrative procedures for horticulture importers to enhance transparency and ensure business certainty (The Jakarta Post.
Makassar | Headlines | Sat.
June 29 2.
The word ensure, meaning to make sure, is a derivational form derived from sure.
In this case the suffix of Aeen is used to indicate the derivational form.
Adjectives derived from nouns Most English adjectives derived from nouns are descriptive.
they predicate some characteristic associated with the underlying noun.
Several distinct kinds of relationship with the underlying noun in the Jakarta Post Headlines are the following.
Data 5.
The government fears food prices could further push up inflation, which is expected to be well above the official target due to the recent increase in the price of subsidized fuel.
(The Jakarta Post.
Makassar | Headlines | Sat.
June 29 2.
The word official is derived from the noun office.
The addition of derivational morphemes Aeial changes the noun color to the adjective official.
Data 6.
The investigation into a bribery case involving former Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) chairman Luthfi Hasan Ishaaq not only revealed details from the private life of his aide Ahmad Fathanah, who was found naked in a hotel room with an escort, but later found that Luthfi was married to three beautiful women, the youngest being a 19-year-old high school student.
(The Jakarta Post.
Makassar | Headlines | Sat.
June 29 2.
The word beautiful is derived from the noun beauty.
The addition of derivational morphemes -ful changes the noun color to the adjective beautiful.
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CONCLUSION
Based on the data finding and the discussion above, the researcher concluded that there are three types of derivational morphemes the most frequently used in the Jakarta post headlines published on June 29, 2013 namely noun derived from verb, adjectives derived from verbs, adjectives derived from noun.
When a noun is derived from a verb, the verb is one that can predicate some action.
This predication is turned into a name that designates the act.
the product or result of the act.
the agent or means of carrying out the act.
Adjectives derived from verbs are either active-subjective or passive objective.
Last but not least, most english adjectives derived from nouns are descriptive.
they predicate some characteristic associated with the underlying noun.
REFERENCES