International Journal of Social Science (IJSS) Vol.1 No.1 Juli 2021, pp: 15-22 ISSN: DOI: 15 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. FACTORS RELATED TO ASSESSMENT OF MOM'S SELFEFFICACY IN CARING FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN SLB PELITA NUSA PEKANBARU Mira Agusthia1), Ranti Purnama Sari2), Rachmawaty M Noer3) 1,2,3Nursing Study Program–Awal Bros Batam University Email: 1agusthiamira@gmail.com, 3rachmawatymnoer1977@gmail.com Article Info Article history: Received Apr 18, 2021 Revised May 15, 2021 Accepted June 22, 2021 Keywords: Culture Family Support self - nature of task information about selfefficacy self efficacy ABSTRACT WHO predicts an increase in people with disabilities in Indonesia every year. Data from SLBPelita Nusa obtained 35 students with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence maternal self-efficacy in caring for children with disabilities in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru in 2020.This research is analytic with cross sectional design. The sampling technique used total sampling with a sample size of 35 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire, then the data was analyzed univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test.The results of the study found that the mother's self-efficacy in caring for children was found that almost half of the respondents as many as 20 people (57.1%) were in the high category. The frequency distribution of respondents in the aspect of cultural factors was found to be more than half of the respondents as many as 25 people (71.4%) were positive. The frequency distribution of respondents in the aspect of family support was found that more than half of the respondents as many as 23 people (67.7%) were not good. The frequency distribution of respondents in the aspect of trait factors was found that almost all respondents as many as 30 people (85.7%) were positive. The frequency distribution of respondents in the aspect of the information factor was found that almost all respondents as many as 25 people (71.4%) were positive. There is a cultural relationship p = 0.047 (p<0.05), family support is p = 0.026 (p <0.05), traits are p = 0.093 (p> 0.05) and information is p = 0.007 (p < 0.05).Based on the research results, it was found that the factor that had a high value was 85.7% of the nature of the task at hand. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used as information material for mothers, especially for mothers in caring for children with intellectual disabilities so that mothers are better able to assess their abilities in caring for children with intellectual disabilities. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Mira Agusthia Nursing Study Program–Awal Bros Batam University Email: agusthiamira@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION Children with disabilities are children with special characteristics that are different from those in general without always showing mental, emotional or physical disabilities, as well as experiencing deviations, disorders or disabilities in physical, mental, emotional and social terms (Novira, 2016). Children with disabilities are known as children with special needs. In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 8 of 2016 concerning persons with disabilities Chapter II Article 4, the term disability is replaced by disabilities. Various disabilities include people ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal homepage: https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/IJSS 16 International Journal of Social Science (IJSS) Vol.1 No.1 Juli 2021, pp: 15-22 ISSN: DOI: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. with physical disabilities, people with mental disabilities, people with sensory disabilities and people with intellectual disabilities (Diyana, 2017) According to the results set by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2013), disability is considered a condition that causes disruption in a person's relationship with the environment. Persons with disabilities constitute the largest majority in the world, where 80% of the total number of persons with disabilities in the world are in developing countries. The highest number of data on children with disabilities in the world is African countries with 6.4%, while the lowest number of children with disabilities is 4.2% in European countries (Infodatin, 2014). The role of mothers in caring for children with mental retardation is needed every day. The role that a mother can give is to involve support, protection and direction for the child during development. the role played by the mother can be through an interaction of mother and child which is carried out continuously and can affect both. The role of mothers who have mentally retarded children is different from normal children. The mother is responsible for the survival and independence of the child. The different roles of mothers with mentally retarded children are in caring for and assisting in the growth and development of children with mental retardation who experience delays, such as independence and emotional stability of children. This is because the child has limited abilities so that the mother must understand the child's condition. Attitude is also a person's closed response to a certain stimulus or object, which already involves the opinion and emotional factors concerned (happy-displeased, agree-disagree, good-bad, and so on). Attitude theory is the tendency to respond (positively or negatively) to certain people, situations or objects. Attitudes contain an emotional or effective assessment (happy, hate, sad), cognitive (level of knowledge about an object ). According to Asyri (2016), self-efficacy is an individual's belief in knowing his or her ability to perform tasks or actions to achieve certain things. According to research conducted by Selfiana (2014) on "The description of the source of parenting self-efficacy in mothers with autistic children," states that parents, especially mothers who have children with disabilities, experience a more difficult life than parents who have normal children. Mothers with children with disabilities have a low level of self-control in caring for children with disabilities. Intellectual disability or also known as mental retardation is a state of mental development that is stopped or incomplete, characterized by skills constraints during development, so that it affects all levels of intelligence, namely cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities. People with intellectual disabilities have characteristics with intelligence levels below average (Intelligence Quotient (IQ) 70 or lower). The level of intellectual disability according to the American Association of Mental Retardation (AAMR) is divided into 4, namely mild mental retardation (IQ 5070), moderate mental retardation (IQ 35- 50), severe mental retardation (20-35), and very severe mental retardation. (IQ <20) (Saeli, 2017). The incidence of intellectual disabilities in the world in 2010 was estimated to be around 15% of the world's population, 5% of which were children with intellectual disabilities. Primary data for special schools throughout Indonesia shows the incidence of intellectual disability in Indonesia in 2010, which is estimated at around 62,011 people, with details of 60% boys and 40% girls. People with intellectual disabilities with the category of very severe intellectual disabilities are 2.5%, severe intellectual disabilities are 2.8%, moderate intellectual disabilities are 2.6% and mild intellectual disabilities are 3.5% .8 (Susesnas, 2010). The situation experienced by children with intellectual disabilities greatly affects the care of mothers to children. Parents of children with disabilities face both physical and mental challenges. In addition, parents who have children with disabilities are required to be accustomed to facing a different role than before (Miranda, 2013). There are various factors in general that affect the self-efficacy of mothers in caring for children with disabilities such as culture, gender, nature of the tasks at hand, family social support, mother's education, information about self-efficacy. Culture can affect self-efficacy through values, beliefs , a self-regulatory process that serves as a source of mother's assessment of beliefs in caring for children (Anwar, 2009). According to Atossokhi (2010), cultural differences between westerners and eastern people are very different in caring for children. Western culture views themselves individually and tends to view and judge themselves as independent, where the self is seen as separate and not tied to its environment. Meanwhile, in our culture, the eastern culture views and evaluates the interpendent self, where the self is connected and not separated from the community environment. According to the results of the initial survey conducted by researchers, the data in this special school is divided into several levels, from elementary to high school level. The number of students is 35 people. Through the results of interviews the researcher conducted with 5 parents who took their children to school, it was found that 3 mothers revealed that they still lacked confidence and sometimes felt left out of the community, while 2 other mothers stated a lack of support from their closest people. In addition, mothers also said that they have difficulty in caring for girls than boys. From the statement above, there are several factors that influence maternal self-efficacy in caring for children with disabilities, one of which is family support and cultural differences in caring for children with disabilities. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal homepage: https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/IJSS International Journal of Social Science (IJSS) Vol.1 No.1 Juli 2021, pp: 15-22 ISSN: DOI: 17 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1.Model System This type of research is an analytic study with a cross-sectional research design aimed at looking at the relationship between the independent variable factors (culture, gender, nature of the task at hand, family support, education, information about self-efficacy) and the dependent variable (self-efficacy). mother) where the data is collected simultaneously.The sampling technique in this study is purposive sampling technique, which is a method of determining respondents to be used as samples based on certain criteria . is a mother who has 35 children with intellectual disabilities who are in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru.In this study , 35 mothers with children with disabilities will attend SLB Pelita Nusa in 2020. 2.Performance Result The results of the study, entitled "Factors Associated with Mother's Self Efficacy in Caring for Children with Disabilities at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru in 2020. The sample obtained from the results of this study amounted to 35 people. Samples obtained from mothers who have children with intellectual disabilities. The results of the research can also be described and presented in tabular and narrative form as follows: Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Respondent Characteristics at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru in 2020 (n = 35) Variabel Responden (n=15) f % Usia Ibu 31-40Tahun 10 28.6 41-50Tahun 17 48.6 51-60Tahun 8 22.9 Laki-Laki 26 74.3 Perempuan Pendidikan 9 25.7 SMP 4 11.4 SMA 23 65,7 SPG 2 5.7 Sarjana 6 17.1 Pekerjaan IRT 19 54.3 Pedagang 4 11.4 Swasta 5 14.3 Guru 7 20.0 JenisKelamin Based on table 1 it can be illustrated that the distribution of the age of the respondent's mother was found that almost half of the respondents were 17 people (48 , 6 %) at the age of 41-50 years. Child sex distribution of respondents found that more than half of the respondents were 26 people (74 , 3 %) were male education laki.Distribusi respondents found that more than half of the respondents as many as 23 people (65.7%) is high school. The distribution of the frequency of work of the respondents was found that almost half of the respondents as many as 19 people (54 , 3 %) were housewives. Table 2. Frequency Distribution of Self Efficacy Respondents Variabel Self Eficacy Tinggi Rendah Frekuensi f % 20 15 57.1 42.9 Based on table 2, it can be illustrated that the distribution of mothers' self-efficacy in caring for children was found that almost half of the respondents as many as 20 people (57 , 1 %) were in the high category. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal homepage: https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/IJSS 18 International Journal of Social Science (IJSS) Vol.1 No.1 Juli 2021, pp: 15-22 ISSN: DOI: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Table 3. Frequency Distribution of Respondents to Mother Cultural Factors in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru in 2020 (n = 35) Variabel Faktor Budaya Positif Negatif Frekuensi f % 25 10 71.4 28.6 Based on Table 3 can be drawn that the frequency distribution of respondents on cultural factors were discovered more than half of the respondents as many as 25 people (71 , 4 %) are in positive. Table 4. Frequency Distribution of Respondents of Mother's Family Support Factors in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru in 2020 (n = 35) Variabel Dukungan Keluarga Baik Tidak baik Frekuensi f % 12 23 34.3 65.7 Based on table 4 it can be illustrated that the frequency distribution of respondents in the aspect of family support is found that more than half of the respondents as many as 23 people (67 , 7 %) are not good. Table 5. Distribution of Respondents Frequency Factor Mother Nature Nusa PekanbaruPelita Di SLB 2020 (n = 35) Variabel Faktor Sifat Positif Negatif Frekuensi f % 30 5 85,7 14,3 Based on table 5, it can be illustrated that the frequency distribution of respondents in the aspect of trait factors was found that almost all respondents as many as 30 people (85 , 7 %) were positive. Table 6. Distribution of Frequency of Respondents, Mother Information Factors in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru in 2020 (n = 35) Variabel Faktor Informasi Positif Negatif Frekuensi f % 25 10 71.4 28.6 Based on table 6 can be drawn that the frequency distribution of respondents in the aspect of information factors found almost all respondents as many as 25 people (71 , 4 %) are in positive. Table 7. Distribution of Respondents Frequency Based on Mother's Self Efficacy at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru in 2020 Variabel Faktor Budaya Dukungan Keluarga Faktor Sifat P value 0.047 0.026 0.020 Faktor Informasi 0.007 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal homepage: https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/IJSS International Journal of Social Science (IJSS) Vol.1 No.1 Juli 2021, pp: 15-22 ISSN: DOI: 19 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Based on table 7 of the Fishers Exact Chi Square test results, it is found that A. Sig P on cultural factors is p = 0.047 (p <0 , 05 ), then Ha is accepted. So that cultural factors affect the self-efficacy of mothers in caring for children with disabilities at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. P there is a family support factor is p = 0.026 (p <0.05), then Ha is accepted. So that the family support factor affects the self-assessment of mothers' ability to care for children with disabilities at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. P is a trait factor is p = 0.020 (p> 0.05), then Ha is accepted. So that the characteristic factor does not affect the self-assessment of the mother's ability to care for children with disabilities at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. P is the information factor is p = 0.007 (p <0.05), then Ha is accepted. So that the information factor affects the self-assessment of the mother's ability to care for children with disabilities at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. 4.1 Self Efficacy of mothers in caring for children with disabilities Based on the results of research from 35 respondents, there are more than half (57 , 1 %) of respondents with high self-efficacy in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. According to Bandura (2005) and Saili (2017) 's theory and research , self- efficacy is a person's belief in their ability to exercise a number of control measures for their self-function and events in their environment. The concept of self-efficacy or self-success is the belief that a person can perform well in certain situations. There are three dimensions of self-efficacy, namely the high level of difficulty of a person's task which is believed to be achievable, belief in strength, and expectations of something that has been done. According to the analysis the researchers, the results obtained from the questionnaire study, in which 57 , 1 % of respondents have high confidence to the judgment in caring for children penyand ang disabilities. In addition, as many as 42 , 9 % of respondents have low confidence in their assessment of caring for children with disabilities. It can be seen that parents do not believe in their abilities and lack of confidence in themselves. Mothers who have high selfefficacy will have high self- confidence. 4.2 Mother culture in caring for children with disabilities Based on the research results of 35 respondents, there were more than half (59.3%) of respondents with a positive culture in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. According to Mohamed's (2016) research, Indonesia has high cultural values, namely working together in caring for their children with these cultural values mothers can instill existing cultural values such as education, manners, cleanliness discipline, forming responsibility exercises, and social knowledge. ccording to the researchers' assumptions, the results obtained from the research questionnaire, where 71.4% of respondents have a positive culture towards their assessment of caring for children with disabilities. In addition, 28.6% of respondents have a negative culture towards their assessment of caring for children with disabilities. It can be seen that mothers who have positive cultural judgments believe in their abilities and are not affected by negative cultures that affect their judgments. A positive culture aims to build one's beliefs or instill certain values that underlie or influence consistent attitudes and behaviors as well as commitments to familiarize a way of working in each environment. 4.3 Family support in caring for children with disabilities Based on the research results of 35 respondents, there were more than half (67.7%) of respondents with bad family support at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. According to Friedman's (2010) theory, family support is influenced by the ability of the family to meet the needs of family members. The ability to fulfill these needs is related to the middle socioeconomic level having the ability to meet family needs better than families with low socioeconomic levels. Another study conducted by Gralfitrisia (2012) on family support in caring for mentally retarded children in SLB Padang Sidimpuan has good family support, namely (74%), consisting of information support (72%), assessment support (81%), instrumental support. (67%), and emotional support (74%). More than half of mothers who have good family support, family support is needed for mothers who have children with intellectual disabilities in their life cycle. This shows that the families around the mother care enough about the mother's condition. Positive family support will provide a feeling of comfort to the mother so that she is able to manage the household and care for the child well, besides that mothers who have children with intellectual disabilities who receive family support will feel that they are loved, valued, and part of the family. 4.5 The Character to task to hand Based on the results of research from 35 respondents, most (85.7%) of respondents with positive traits in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. The results of this study are almost the same as the research conducted by Prajawati (2013) regarding the attitudes of parents towards their children with mental retardation. The results of this study are known to share positive characteristics of the nature of the tasks faced by researchers, this can be seen from the results of research conducted by previous researchers by interviewing 3 respondents in caring for children 2 of three mothers accept and understand the condition of their children and will always supports all children's activities including in terms of school, ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal homepage: https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/IJSS 20 International Journal of Social Science (IJSS) Vol.1 No.1 Juli 2021, pp: 15-22 ISSN: DOI: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. whereas in this study the researchers used interviews in the study but used a questionnaire to determine the nature of the mother in caring for the child. According to the researchers' assumptions, the results obtained from the research questionnaire, where 85.7% of respondents had a positive attitude towards their assessment of caring for children with disabilities. Then as many as 14.3% of respondents have negative beliefs about their assessors in caring for children with disabilities. It can be seen that the formation of a positive character starts from the cognitive domain in the sense that the subject must first know the material or external stimulation so that responsibility is formed in acting. 4.6 Information about capabilities Based on the results of research from 35 respondents, there are more than half (71.4%) of respondents with positive information in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. The results of this study are almost the same as the research conducted by Maharani (2016) regarding the relationship of self-efficacy with information discovery behavior in caring for children with mental retardation, it was found that 17.39% indicated that there was a positive relationship with mothers in knowing information discovery behavior. According to the researcher's analysis, the results obtained from the research questionnaire, in which 71.4% of respondents had information about their abilities positively related to their assessment of caring for children with disabilities. In addition, as many as 28.6% of respondents had negative information about their ability to care for children with disabilities. This can be seen in the answers of the mothers in the questionnaire, which said that many praised themselves for caring for children with disabilities. Positive information obtained by mothers greatly motivates mothers in terms of caring for children, because from the information obtained, mothers can learn or know about their shortcomings and fatigue in caring for their children. This information can add to a mother's confidence in herself in caring for children, with high self-confidence in receiving input or information about herself, the mother will increasingly trust her with the abilities she has. 4.7 Cultural Relationship with Mother's Self Efficacy in caring for children with disabilities Based on the research results, it can be seen that of the 25 respondents with a positive culture there were 17 people (85.0%) respondents with high self-efficacy. Meanwhile, of the 10 respondents with a negative culture, there were 7 (46.7%) respondents with low self-efficacy. fter a statistical test was carried out using the chi square test, it was found that the value of p = 0.047 (p <0.05) means that there is a cultural influence on the self-efficacy of mothers in caring for children with disabilities (Intellectual ) at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. According to Atossokhi (2010), the cultural differences between westerners and eastern people are very different in caring for children. In western culture, seeing yourself individually tends to view and judge yourself as independent, where the self is considered as separate and not tied to its environment. According to the researcher's analysis, from the results of the study, it was found that there was a relationship between maternal culture in caring for children with disabilities and self-efficacy. Mothers who have a positive culture know more about their ability to selfassessment because culture greatly influences one's way of thinking and acting. 4.8 Relationship between Family Support and Mother Self Efficacy in caring for children with disabilities Based on the research results, it can be seen that of the 12 respondents with good family support there are 10 people (50.0%) respondents with high self-efficacy. Meanwhile, of the 23 respondents with poor family support, there were 13 (86.7%) respondents with poor self-efficacy. After the statistical test was carried out using the chi square test, the value of p = 0.026 (p <0.05) was obtained, meaning that there was an effect of family support on the self-efficacy of mothers in caring for children with disabilities (Intellectual) at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru 2020. Research This is almost the same as the research conducted by Gralfitrisia (2012) in which this research uses descriptive correlative with a cross sectional approach. The results obtained p value 0.0072 (p <0.05) so that there is a relationship between family support and the ability to care for children with mental retardation. The family is believed to be the most appropriate and best person in providing support to mothers in caring for children with limitations , because the family is the closest person to the mother (Efendi, 2010). According to the researcher's analysis, the amount of family support for mothers who care for children with intellectual disabilities in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru is due to the fact that the family loves the mother. Families realize that providing support to mothers in caring for children with disabilities will make mothers more enthusiastic about carrying out their duties as mothers. Therefore family support is very important, especially the role of a mother to teach and help prepare all the needs of the child and protect her child from various problems. 4.9 Relationship The nature of the task at hand with Mother's Self Efficacy in caring for children with disabilities Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that of the 15 respondents with positive traits there were 12 people (60.0%) respondents with high self-efficacy. Meanwhile, of the 20 respondents with negative traits, there were 12 (80.0%) respondents with low self-efficacy. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal homepage: https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/IJSS International Journal of Social Science (IJSS) Vol.1 No.1 Juli 2021, pp: 15-22 ISSN: DOI: 21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. After a statistical test was carried out using the chi square test, it was obtained that the value of p = 0.020 (p <0.05) means that there is an effect of the nature of the task at hand on the self-efficacy of mothers in caring for children with disabilities (Intellectual) at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru. . Results of this research is similar to research done by Muyasasaroh (2014) concerning the relationship of self-efficacy to the nature of the mother in caring for mentally retarded children pre-school age in the village Jombor Bendosari Sukoharjo, found a positive power relationship between self-efficacy with the response properties of perila ku mother's p value (0.000, <0.05). ccording to the researcher's analysis, there is a relationship between attitudes towards maternal self-efficacy in caring for children with intellectual disabilities because respondents have confidence in their assessors in caring for children with disabilities. so that responsibility is formed (responsible) in acting. The formation of character is influenced by several factors, namely personal experience, culture, other people who are considered important, the mass media, religious institutions or institutions, and emotional factors in the individual. Nature is one of the factors that influence a person's behavior g. 4.10 Relationship Information about self-efficacy with Mother's Self Efficacy in caring for children with disabilities Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that of the 25 respondents with positive information about their abilities there are 18 people (90.0%) respondents with high self-efficacy. Meanwhile, out of 10 respondents with negative information, there were 8 (53.3%) respondents with low self-efficacy. After a statistical test was carried out using the chi square test, the p value was obtained = 0.007 (p <0.05), meaning that there was an effect of information about the ability of mothers in caring for children with disabilities (Intellectual) in SLB Pelita Nusa. The results of this study are almost the same as the research conducted by Maharani (2016) regarding the relationship of self-efficacy with information discovery behavior, it was found that there was a positive relationship with mothers in knowing information-finding behavior in caring for children with p value 0.0 3. (p < 0.05). According to the researcher's analysis, there is a relationship between information about self-efficacy and self-efficacy because mothers have more positive information about their abilities towards their assessment of caring for children with disabilities. This can be found in praise for themselves in caring for children with intellectual disabilities. The information that mothers get in caring for their children is very helpful for mothers, where there are suggestions and input from the information that mothers get can be an experience for their own mothers. 5. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the research and discussion above, from this study it can be concluded that several things about the factors that influence the self-efficacy of mothers in caring for children with disabilities in SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanabaru 2020, are as follows: a. There are more than half (57.1%) of respondents with high self- efficacy at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru 2020. b. There are more than half (71.4%) of respondents with a positive culture at SLB Pelita Nusa Pkanbaru 2020. c. There are more than half (65.7%) of respondents with poor family support at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru 2020 . d. There is a large proportion (85.7%) of respondents with positive traits at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru 2020. e. There are more than half (71.4%) of respondents with positive information at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru 2020 . f. There is a cultural influence on the self-efficacy of mothers in caring for children with disabilities at SLB Pelita Nusa Pekanbaru 2020 (p value = 0.047). g. 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Hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat kemandirian pada anak retardasi mental sedang kelas 1-6 Di SLB Yayasan Anak Cacat (YPAC) Semarang.ProceedingSeminar Ilmiah Nasional, ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Journal homepage: https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/IJSS